natural theology

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VII Notes

2010

Notes

[Sunday 4 July 2010 - Saturday 10 July 2010]

[Notebook: DB 69 Creation]

[page 140]

Sunday 4 July 2010

Rossano: Supernatural Selection. Rossano

page 2: 'Religion is about relationships. In other words religion is a way that humans relate to one another and to the world around them,. . . . Religion made us human.' [makes?]

page 11: 'At a certain point in our evolutionary [history] humans added a supernatural layer to their social world.'

From a human ('natural') point of view, social relationships are a supernatural layer, using humans as the alphabet to construct a superhuman structure, eg Australia, the Socceroos, etc. Football Federation Australia

Rossano page 29: Henry James: '"Religion in the broadest and most general terms possible [,] . . . consists of the belief that there is an unseen order, and our supreme good lies in harmoniously adjusting ourselves thereto."'

page 38: 'Imagine a group of our ancestors on the African savannah or in a jungle clearing in Java Island. No statuses or crucifixes, of course, but they aren't necessary. Everything is supernatural. The trees, the clouds, the wind, the rising and setting sun, the baby's breath on your naked skin -- to our ancestors they were all reminders of the supernatural. Once the hominin mind was capable of envisioning the supernatural, everything in nature was subsumed within it.

How do we know this> While we might see the divinity of the world as objectively true (when contrasted with the non-divinity of

[page 141]

the world) could these people have had a conscious idea of the supernatural before the ancient Greeks created a gulf between the heavens and the earth which lasted 2000 years until Newton's time. Certainly, these people would have (through long practise) accepted the realities of their lives as they became conscious of the,m (and began top talk about the pain of childbirth, for example). The natural environment (which includes our conspecifics) is our judge, whether we survive to reproduce or die out.

Rossano page 46: 'A number of recent studies suggest that the usual theoretical suspects [kin selection, reciprocal altruism and indirect reciprocity] may not fully explain human cooperation [it is the product of many levels of 'locality']. What these studies demonstrate is that under some circumstances people's cooperative tendencies appear to arise from an internalised need to follow group norms.

Group norm <--> extremal action. Group selection <--> 'best' action (fitness wise).

Book proposal: Church Wars. War is founded in irreconcilable and unavoidable differences. An irretrievable breakdown of marriage is easily dealt with by a separation which allow the irreconcilable to avoid one another. If avoidance is impossible, conflict enters, and if the conflict becomes sufficiently intense it can only be resolved by one irreconcilable murdering another.

Notes01/notesM10D21.html 'It is time for the human Universe to enter an inflationary phase of spatial flattening.' notes > 21 October 2001.

Küng Justification page 9 '[Luther's] Reform theology is rooted in the very core of his personality -- in his personal experience of divine justification. . . . Without exaggeration we can say, then, that it is the theology of justification which lies at the root of

[page 142]

the great and still continuing theological battle over the true form of Christianity at the root of the greatest catastrophe that has befallen the Catholic Church in her two-thousand-year history.' Hans Küng

We only need 'justification' because of the Fall, and since there was no Fall, all this talk tells us nothing about reality, only something about the minds of the talkers.

Justification; the article by which the Church stands or falls. [Article XI] Anglican Church League

Küng, page 10: 'What is important for Barth in justification is the passage of man from a state of reprobation to a state of election, from death to life.'

A metaphysical / theological version of natural selection which the likes of Dawkins attributes to faith (genetics) alone. Dawkins

Barth IV/1, 571 f: 'Faith lives by the certainty and actuality of the reconciliation of the world with God accomplished in Jesus Christ.' Barth The T & T Clark Blog:

No need of reconciliation, or Jesus, since the Fall is entirely an invention of the Church to bolster its own power by disempowering us. There is really nothing more to be said about justification except to note the huge kerfuffle and deadly wars that resulted from the Reformation a cautionary tale about the conflict that arises when a question is so poorly posed that the only way to answer it is violence and murder. Nevertheless nature theology has an explanation for this foolishness in the doctrine of variation and selection.

[page 143]

Küng page 13: 'Barth takes up the three great works of God which include in themselves all others and ultimately represent the different moments of the great work [process] of God -- creation reconciliation, redemption'. In the natural God these things are happening all the time at all scales.

page 14: ' Barth considers creation the external reason for the covenant and the covenant the inner reason for creation. The propose and, therefore, the meaning of creation is the making possible of a history in which God will join with man in a covenant -- and one which has its beginning, middle and end in Jesus Christ (III/1, 94-329)'

A very comforting and completely anthropomorphic fiction which totally misses the bigger picture revealed by science.

The core problem is a cult of personality. Christianity treats Jesus as special, but we are all divine humans just like him, although he has been dressed in ancient mythology to found a power structure which has profited immensely through its notion that we are sinful and need redemption. Sin after all is just error caused by inconsistency between the various elements of the world resulting from the finite nature of the resources of life, be they hydrogen atoms or reproductive opportunities.

The Church disempowers all of us in a similar manner to the traditional disempowerment of women that we see in a large proportion of men. The Church itself a male organization, is very explicit about the inferiority of women (Pope on women priests). John Paul II

Küng page 19: [Studying justification] 'We are dealing with the "rule of the living God who is free to love where He was wroth and to be wroth where He loved, to bring death to the living and life to the dead, to repent Himself and repent of his repenting" (Barth II/2, 187)'.

[page 144]

How can we know this? Sounds just like the cantankerous Old Bastard of the Old Testament. Miles

Nevertheless, from a naive point of view, this is how a world driven by evolution looks to us. Whereas God's will is considered to be arbitrary because God is an invisible mystery, the natural god is open to us all and we can see, through a general theory of evolution, how things come to be the way they are, falsifying the Christian hypothesis that has consumed so much ink over the millennia.

Barth, Thomas the the rest of them struggle with the reconciliation of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent god with human freedom. in fact, from a formal point of view (Cantor, Gödel, Turing, Shannon) such a God is contradictory and the actions of God are formally unpredictable at all scales. The best we (and god) can do is construct and act on probability distributions for various events, trying to force the probability of evil events to zero.

Looking for algorithms to exclude evil.

Küng page 19: 'This is how Barth regards the justification of men -- from the viewpoint of God's Eternity. The eternal original [?] commitment of God to men, the gracious election of Jesus Christ and in Him of all men,becomes operative in time. Through God's judgement and verdict on the cross and in the resurrection of Christ, in the rejection and election of the God-man, justification comes to the sinner. Around this central event the entire history of man revolves. All human history is the history of God's covenant with man.'

What crap; but it does suggest that the world is foolproof in that we

[page 145]

go on living in a society moulded by this belief.

Küng page 26: 'The abysmal depth of our sacrilege and our wretchedness as well as the power of God's salvific will is revealed in this -- that for the sake of this fulfillment of the covenant through reconciling justification God himself became flesh.'

Wrong again. God has always been flesh: all information is represented physically. 'Man' and God have always been in harmony because humanity is part of divinity and they have evolved in communication with one another. The meaning of humanity derives from divinity not through some arbitrary covenant, but because humanity is part of divinity.

Küng page 37: 'The whole process of justification hinges on this, that the true God Himself appear on the scene so that in His fidelity to the covenant He may care for sinners.'

page 42: 'In Christ, sin is revealed in its fully developed pure and unambiguous form -- that is as hostility and opposition to God, as fratricide and self destruction.'

One detects error by comparing the erroneous message to the original, but there is no need for the emotive language. We all make mistakes without hostility to God. The Christian imputation of guilt and evil is in itself a serious evil = error.

Küng, page 43: 'Again in Jesus Christ sin is revealed as the truth of all human actions. Because Christ has entered into public association with sinners and has undertaken to plead their case before God, it is revealed that all men are sinners, and that no man can invoke a restrictive clause in connection with the reprehensibility of sin and permit himself to regard others as

[page 146]

more or less sinful. The whole man, despite the indestructability of his nature is a sinner to the very core.'

Total rubbish. The divine Universe has judged me and all my ancestors as fit to live and reproduce and therefore effectively sinless, that is error free.

'Yet it is also true that there is no possibility for man to rise above his sin.' Wrong again. My whole life depends on the cybernetic cycle of detecting error and acting to correct it, so becoming effectively error free.

Küng, page 50: 'Man is totally a sinner from head to toe.'

Barth: 'We certainly cannot speak of any relic or core of goodness which persists in man in spite of his sin' (IV/1, 493)

I regularly thank god that I was a sufficiently disobedient, evil, energetic and arrogant child to escape from the Catholic field of lies.

Küng, page 51: 'So the whole history of the woprld -- while not removed from God's universal dominion -- is afflicted with disobedient' For which we should be thankful, lest our self appointed rulers should totally destroy us.

page 53: 'Man is, according to Barth, totally and radically unjust'

page 62: The justification of man is the judgement of God.' Natural selection (mollified by social security).

page 70; '. . . faith is the humility of obedience>'

We are stupid to be obedient to fools.

[page 147]

Küng page 71: 'Faith as obedient humility denies the power and worth of any human actions done for the purposes of attaining justification.'

As long as the Church can convince us that we are helpless it is safe. The persistent and endemic injustices it has wrought on billions of people demonstrates the power of this approach but it is nevertheless and anti-human error designed to entrench imperial power. ['designed' by evolutionary forces]

Monday 5 July 2010
Tuesday 6 July 2010

Küng page 70: 'We learn through faith, and only through faith, that the justified man is not just a beautiful idea, an illusion or myth -- but a reality.'

At least this is the myth, that the myth is reality, a myth designed to secure the obedience (an enable the enslavement) of believers.

The only sins are those that do violence to self and others, and on this criterion the Church is among the greatest sinners. One wonders how long it will be before the deaths from AIDS in Africa resulting from the non-usase of safe sexual practices [mandated by the Church] will exceed the work of Hitler, Stalin and Mao.

The whole 'sola fide' [by faith alone] edifice is built on a few words (Like Mary's Virginity) which have been given an official interpretation by the Church that has little foundation in the text and none in realty. Luther's translation of Romans 3.28 'by faith alone is wrong.

Küng page 82: 'Faith really involves the creation of a new man, a new creation, and being born again. The just man, despite the simul peccator [simultaneously a sinner] is ontologically different from the sinner. This clear teaching of

[page 148]

Barth should not be overlooked.'

The power of the faith comes not from its truth (which is very doubtful) but because it binds a community into a functioning economic, political and military unit that has the power to expand at the expense of its neighbours. Rossano is right on track here.

Küng page 83: 'The act of faith itself -- as a human act, does not produce a new being and thus is not of creator-like character.'

Of course it does. Every act is a new creation, and a person who agrees with the theory of relativity is different from one who doesn't. The differences proposed for Christianity are largely unobservable presuppositions.

page 86: Barth: 'The great importance of man's justification for God lies in the fact that in the justification of man God also and above all justified Himself.'

In reality God has no more need of justification than we do.

Küng page 89: 'We must not persist in our ancient and vicious tendency to always think first and foremost of ourselves.' Which is just the tendency of Christianity, which deludes itself with the belief that God did all this just for us.

page 90: [In the Catholic theory of justification] Barth sees the sovereign majesty of God's grace threatened.' Is his God so weak that a human opinion could bother it? The universality of divinity encompasses all ideas, all structures, provided only that they maintain consistency. [Human laws 'falsify' certain behaviour.]

page 91: 'Is faith not also trust' And has not the Church

[page 149]

abused the trust of millions of people, teaching them falsehoods, inducing them to work for nothing, hiding sexual predators, forcing people to have unwanted children, denying them the use of simple sexual health items like condoms, and so on?

Of course we must distinguish Christianity from the Church, a distinction that the Reformers made clear. The aim of Küng's book is to show that at least on the question of Justification the Catholic Church is truly Christian, although we are bound to wonder how many of these ideas went through Jesus' mind in his lifetime.

Küng page 91: 'Do not all these [apparent deficiencies in Catholic theology] taken together still amount to the manipulating of God, the managing of race, the relativising of the majesty and sovereignty of God? Do we not find too in the Catholic theology of justification, an exclusive stress on an analogia entis which is not subordinate to the analogia fidei? And a simple juxtaposition of God and man, set beside each other on the same level, rather than an absolute subordinating of man as something beneath God and His grace? Is this not the crucial reason why the Reformers wanted to have nothing more to do with the Catholic Church? Is this not the reason why even today one cannot become Catholic?'

Of course, we must remember that the Catholic Church is a very successful business (or was) built on the exploitation of the intellectual property we call Christianity. To be successful it had to appeal to the masses with simple stories and promises of great benefits for those who bought the stories and contributed to the survival of the Church. The reformers were revolting more against this business plan and the distortions it introduced into doctrine than

[page 150]

the core doctrine itself which is easily defined as the content of the Christian Bible, a simple and gripping tome with the wide appeal of a soap opera.

I really believed it, and my evidence for thius is the long period of shock or mourning [the followed when I found it was wrong].

Portrait: There is never much time, or more to the point, time is of the essence. I have a lot to say before I go.

There is money to be made out of war. Some say that this is the cause of war, but it goes deeper than that. Nevertheless, there is money to be made out of war, and four generations of my family have done it,. The show is almost over, however, so I can reveal a few trade secrets without fear of losing business. . . .

The fundamental insight in the arms trade is that war and religion are identical twins, almost the same but different.

The old prophets used to come out and say that they thought, but we have only a few historical clues to the thoughts that led to these words. (Of course, the Church cliams that their words were inspired by God, which we can readily accept given our understanding of God and the Noosphere.) Noosphere - WikipediaThe credibility of science, however, does not depend on its words, but how tit arrived at those words, its method. These notes record the method by which I arrived at ideas expressed more formally elsewhere.

The Universe is locally Turing. This is the formal definition of local.

[page 151]

That yes when the food is cooked or the bal goes into the goal.

Küng page 95: 'It took over four hundred year for the two sides [Reformers and Catholics] to spell out clearly their differences. But today serious theologians in both camps so that the task of unity will not be made easier by antitheses of that sort.'

From a cosmological and natural theological viewpoint, a gigantic storm in a teacup. [nothing compared to the upset of natural religion, which abandons Christianity altogether, except as an example of what can happen]

Küng page 97; 'The Church maintains that the preaching of the Apostles contains in itself the entire Christian revelation and that for the Church there were no new revelations afterwards (Denzinger 2021). Denzinger

Vatican I allowed for 'development of dogma in the sense of explication . . . is possible and really takes pl;ace.'

Humani Generis 'Besides each source of divinely revealed doctrine contains so many rich treasures of truth that they can really never be exhausted. Hence it is that theology through study of its sacred sources remains ever fresh; on the other had speculation which neglects deeper search into the deposit of faith proves sterile, as we know from experience.' Pius XII: § 21 Nevertheless "the deposit of faith" is of measure 0 in the space of information available from the divine Universe!.

NOOSPHERE = TRANSFINITE COMPUTER NETWORK.

Our one article of faith is quantum mechanics, which, fully explicated, is the world of experience.

[page 152]

Küng page 98: 'Dogmatic definitions express the truth infallibly and precisely . . . and thus irrevocably.' Therefore there are no infallible definitions (except perhaps quantum mechanical). All else changes so an infallible statement (such as I am writing this) is only temporarily true.

page 98: Aquinas quoting Isidore: 'An article (of faith) is a perception of divine truth which tends towards that truth (ST II II 1 6)' like the theory of evolution or quantum mechanics or relativity. Aquinas 1209

page 98: 'The embodiment of revealed truth in a new form of thought and utterance fashioned by the Church does not come about primarily through human theoloigcal brainwoek, but rather -- in consequence of the Incarnation -- through the Holy Spirit of Jesus Christ working in the Church.'

How do you know this? Makes sense of we are all divine, ie symmetrical with Jesus.

Like most absolute monarchies, the Vatican hides a life of crime beneath a veneer of respectability. Power corrupts because it suppresses error correction and detection processes, killing the messenger [rather than listening and acting].

Wednesday 7 July 2010

Küng page 98: 'In the development of dogma we see an embattled confrontation of the Church of Jesus Christ and His Holy Spirit with the spirit of the world.'

This is necezsary because the dogma is arbitrary ('Virgin Birth') with no foundation in reality, only in the business plan of the Church as

[page 153]

a corporation ('mystical body'). Mariology of the popes - Wikipedia Pius XII

I believe in God, the parent almighty, source of heaven and earth . . .

We might see the Catholic creeds as true (and the subsequent definitions of Councils) in the same sense as a novel is true, capturing elements of the human condition embodies in a set of characters and personalities chosen by the author to make a point. Golding, Lord of the Flies Golding

The heart of my thesis is the mapping of space-=time manifolds and Hilbert spaces to the transfinite computer network.

We see the structure of an atom as layered, like an onion, each layer containing more calculations per period, where the number of computations is measured by the angular momentum of the state, beginning with the ground state where nothing is happening (angular momentum 0).

We convert angular momentum to linear momentum by 'flattening' space, taking the curvature out of the orbit. [has this got something to do with Mach's principle? Mach's principle - Wikipedia]

Thursday 8 July 2010

Küng page 106: 'Only in [Sacred Scripture] do we possess the outright and unedited testimony of God Himself, and in its original idiom and its primal source.'

Truly the word of God (as these words are) but a mere million words in a Universe whose bandwidth is of the order of 10100 Hz!

The work of theologians is to interpret the Scripture, in other words

[page 154]

to construct a reference frame to give it meaning. The Catholic frame of reference, with its alien God etc, is wrong. Instead of being the unique and special word of God, the scripture is one word among many.

Einstein on the interpretation of Scripture. [general covariance General covariance - Wikipedia]

Inside the Universe vs outside the Universe :: inside God vs outside God.

. . .

On the definition of human space, which is isomorphic to divinity.

divinity = {theology, reality}

Küng page 108: Gregory IX Bull to Sorbonne University of Paris - Wikipedia

page 108: 'Sacred scripture can be read rightly only within the Church, Sacred scripture and the Church belong together.'

Certainly, and the whole system can be read within the Universe, where we see it as just another organism struggling to survive. Whether is is 'true' or 'false' is irrelevant in the sense that the real problem is survival and survival by deception is just as valid as survival by honesty (I am food, eat me). Deceit and secrecy are part of the deal, and a predator wishing to consume the Church must use similar practices based on a careful evaluation of the Church's weaknesses. Since much depends on reputation, however, the predator must not be seen to be evil if it is to succeed.

[page 155]

Küng page 111: '4. Official ecclesiastical documents in particular offer an extremely valuable aid (since they are not subject to discussion) to the Catholic theological who is examining the tradition of the Church,'

How can the Church evolve if its structure is not subject to discussion. In real evolution we see structures being continually modified to perform new and useful task (swim bladder to lungs etc)?

Infallibility only makes sense in eternity, since we can only represent a changing world by a changing text (a movie rather than a book). This goes back to Parmenides obsession with stasis, which applies to all who wish to write a static text once for all time. Parmenides - Wikipedia

And so on [Küng] Back to Rossano

Rossano page 84: ritual = sequence of actions: effective, eg digging a hole; communicative, ie miming hole digging.

RITUAL = COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

A cosmic view of pornography: Tantra. LLL Media Group, Inc

I only do what I am pleased to do and then look back to see of any essential protocols remain unexecuted by this hedonistic approach to life. It seems to work quite well. There are even moments when the dishes seem to be the desirable thing to do. Moral force does not come into it.

The Church is an instrument of moral force designed to maintain certain social structures intact.

[page 156]

Rossano page 116 '. . . these [quoted] studies and others suggest that Piaget was probably right to assert that children are inherently biassed toward thinking of the natural world as purposely designed in the same way that human made artefacts are.' ie by trial and error, variation and selection. 'In fact so pervasive is this tendency that Kelemen claims that children are "intuitive theists"'.

More likely 'intuitive cyberneticians' knowing that stability (like riding a bike) requires control, that is knowledge and action. Cybernetics - Wikipedia

Friday 9 July 2010

A History

Some of the oldest questions in philosophy concern the nature of motion. As far as we know, Parmenides started the ball rolling when a Goddess told him that true reality was full and eternal, the moving world less than fully real. John Palmer - Parmenides Plato searched for fixed points in a world of political turmoil. He decided that the fixed points lay outside the turmoil in a world of forms. Richard Kraut - Plato Aristotle brought some of the forms down to earth by embedding them in matter which has no form of its own. Change became change of form in the same matter as the smith converted a sword into a ploughshare (which has been worse for the world?) More abstractly, Aristotle saw motion as the actualization of a possibility. Using the axiom that not potential can bring itself to actuality, Aristotle was led to the Unmoved Mover that evolved into the current Western model of God who stands above out Head of State guaranteeing order in a world of change. Christopher Shields

Science branched off from the mainstream of thought in the time of Galileo [1564 - 1642]. Peter MacHamer

[page 157]

Until this time, philosophers had been inclined to take ancient writings as Gospel truth and ignore the world around the, Galileo said, why not read the book of nature? The study of motion became empirical and it was not long before Newton was able to express a whole new picture of the world in a few simple laws of motion. George Smith This triumph has coloured our view of motion ever since: everywhere we see massive points impelled by external forces, nothing that Aristotle and Euclid could not understand. Euclid - Wikipedia Philosophical difficulties reentered the picture with the advent of quantum mechanics Particles no longer followed paths in space and time determined by external forces, like the planets. Instead particle appear and disappear at different points in spacetime, creating the illusion of movement. Jenann Ismael These appearances and disappearances cannot be predicted, as the motion of a planet can be, but they do obey certain laws and correlations which are explained by quantum field theory. Meinard Kuhlmann Quantum field theory has had some astounding successes, but its theoretical foundations are quite messy and complicated, rather unlike the physicists' dream of a simple theory of everything which patently fits the data. [Freezing, but sun is up 8.20]

As I see it, the root of the problem lies in the ancient observation that motion appears to be continuous., which has led to the development of a vast body of continuous mathematics inspired by the demands of physics. This development reached its apogee in the classical domain with Einstein's general theory of relativity. General relativity - Wikipedia Quantum field theory is a network of continuous functions devised to model the nature and probability of observed events. Unfortunately the logic of this system often leads to division by zero and the consequent prediction of infinite probabilities which seem to be meaningless. Ways have nee found around these and other problems, but the difficulties of the continuous approach suggest that we look to discrete mathematics for answers. Continuous function - Wikipedia , Discrete mathematics - Wikipedia

[page 158]

Discretness as a mater of fact . . . Field and action at a distance . . . Logical continuity ...

Communication, creation and control. Theology: creation and control.

My imaginary wife. Not a sex-wife but a life-wife.

My best work seems to be done under the influence of morning sun, coffee and marihuana.

Meanwhile theology, the traditional theory of everything, has languished, left out of the scientific revolution. First because science is about the observed world and we have assumed that the World is not God. Second because a giant internal fight broke out within Christianity that still blinds it to the scientific developments in the world around it. Ecumenism: Catholics and Reformers have as little chance of perfect union as quantum mechanics and relativity on the present model of the world.

In the face of limited resources as extreme effort is sometime required, that is the devotion of all available resources to a sine qua non

The scientific revolution failed to take theology with it and what was once the pinnacle of science and the reason for universities became a very poor relation whose only reliable source of data remains ancient texts.

Brouwer allows us to turn Parmenides around, seeing the dynamics as primary and the forms, that is the fixed points, as fixed points in the motions. We measure the entropy of

[page 159]

a dynamic system by the entropy of the corresponding space of fixed points.

General covariance in the transfinite computer network.

Le Carre Russia: Why do the secret services act as they do? Because they can? Are they necessary? Yes, if they correct errors; no if the propagate them. But does error correction require secrecy? Le Carre

ERROR = FAILED COMMUNICATION (formally, as the ancioents realized, a non-being, although embedded in being): a gap.

GAP <==> ORTHOGONAL (relatively secret - West knows nothing of South).

Le Carre page 283: 'Yet it was this very mystery of good hearts turned inside out that gave our week its underlying terror.'

We might suspect that no layer is stable of it maltreats its alphabet, uses chisels and screwdrivers and people as cannon fodder. David H Petraeus & James F Amos

Le Carre page 283: 'Years ago I talked to a man who had been flogged, an English mercenary who was doing us a few favours in Africa amnd mneeded paying off. What he remembered most was not the lash but the orange juice they gave him afterwards. He remembers being helped to his hut, he remembers being laid face down on the straw. But what he really remembers is the glass of fresh orange juice that a warder set at his head, then crouched beside him, waiting patiently, till he was strong enough to drink some. Yet it was this same warder who had flogged him.'

Christian charity meets divinely ordained judicial punishment. As

[page 160]

Jesus did. But punishment, while necessary to contain cheaters, need not involve physical punishment. Confiscation of ill gotten gains might do, coupled with restitution (ie error correction [where possible]).

Le Carre page 284: "But that, I suppose, is the tragedy of great nations. So much talent bursting to be used, so much goodness longing to come out. Yet all so miserably spoken for, that sometimes we could scarcely believe it was America speaking to us at all.'

How do motion and stillness coexist? Brouwer. The purpose of this essay is to make this statement a little more concrete.

Motivation: seeing the pleasure to come. heaven is the biggest possible motivation of all. Thomas I II. Aquinas prima secundae of the Summa Theologiae

Le Carre, page 300: 'How do you peddle the arms race when the only asshole you have to race against is yourself? Bluebird is life threatening intelligence. A lot of highly-paid favourite sons are in serious danger of having their ricebowls broken, all on account of Bluebird. If you want truth, that's it.'

page 303: 'God bless the corporation and bugger the individual.'

Cohen: Continuous and discrete are orthogonal so Cantor can say nothing about the continuum. Cohen

The continuum is an abstraction (a symmetry) which applies when there is no signal present,, the whte paper background upon which we write by introducing discontinuities.

A novel is like a Feynman diagram, a set of local events

[page 161]

driven by outside events and ultimately sending its conclusions back to the outside.

This story is woven from four threads, each beginning as an isolated point. In order of historical appearance, they are the god described by Aquinas (1270), the inertial frame of special relativity (1905), the initial singularity predicted by general relativity (1916), the isolated system of quantum mechanics (1927). A few words about each.

. . .

Nichols Pope's Divisions Nichols

Nichols page 18: 'Catholicism produces more apologists than do other great religions.' Because it is so far from the truth?

Saturday 10 July 2010

Just as the ratios of energies determines the populations in statistical mechanics, ratio of 'desirability' determine populations in various modes of human behaviour, the desire to eat when hungry is related to the population of eaters. Statistical mechanics - Wikipedia

5 starting points [isolated systems] add Turing machine [God, inertial frame, initial singularity, isolated quantum system, Turing machine] These are all representations of the vacuum, the unstructured forerunner of the structured Universe.

Catholicism needs to be transfigured, ie to cease being an empty shell manipulated by an alien God and take on a life of its own, shining by the energy of the people who build it.

Royal Society: 'Accept nothing on authority. [Nullius in verba] ' Science 328:1611 Rees, Royal Society - Wikipedia

[page 162]

The Secretary, International Synod of bishops. 'Primus inter pares' makes no sense. Holy See Press Office

Dear Secretary,

The time has come to do something about the evils which are being revealed as taking place within the Catholic Church. It has been argues that these failings are a matter of individual sinfulness, but I believe this position to be false. The Catholic Church, in my view, is corrupt to the very roots of its theological dogma. . . .

The error lies in a misunderstanding of the nature of God. Refute Lonergan. Catholicism has abandoned reality.

General relativity: one cannot see curvature without communication, ie the connections in covariant differentiation.

Layers n, n+1 are related as statics to dynamics, the elements of n being stationary points (an alphabet) in layer n+1. [as you can see in this test]

Gravitation is a form of voting that is blind to the status of the voters.

Nichols page 130: 'The Vatican has no business seeking the best of both worlds, arousing mass enthusiasm, yet remaining secretive.'

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Barth, Karl, Church Dogmatics , T&T Clark Ltd 2005 'Product Description The most important theological work of the 20th century in a new edition! Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics is one of the major theological works of the 20th century. The Swiss-German theologian Karl Barth (1886-1968) was the most original and significant Reformed theologian of the twentieth century. He was one of the central figures in the Confessing Church in Germany, which opposed the Nazi Regime. Barth began the Church Dogmatics in 1932 and continued working on its thirteen volumes until the end of his life. Barth's writings continue to guide and instruct the preaching and teaching of pastors and academics worldwide. The English translation was prepared by a team of scholars and edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance and published from 1936. A team of scholars and specialists at Princeton Theological Seminary have started revising the existing translation. The first step was the translation of Greek, Latin, Hebrew and French passages into English. The original is now presented alongside the English translation. This makes the work more reader friendly and accessible to the growing number of students who do not have a working knowledge of the ancient languages. This new edition with translations is presented for the first time in print. The new edition is presented in a new bigger format and broken down into 31 paperback volumes. --This text refers to the Paperback edition.' 
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Cohen, Paul J, Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis, Benjamin/Cummings 1966-1980 Preface: 'The notes that follow are based on a course given at Harvard University, Spring 1965. The main objective was to give the proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis [from the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms for set theory with the axiom of choice included]. To keep the course as self contained as possible we included background materials in logic and axiomatic set theory as well as an account of Gödel's proof of the consistency of the continuum hypothesis. . . .'  
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Dawkins, Richard, The Selfish Gene , Oxford UP 1976 Amazon: Editorial review: 'Inheriting the mantle of revolutionary biologist from Darwin, Watson, and Crick, Richard Dawkins forced an enormous change in the way we see ourselves and the world with the publication of The Selfish Gene. Suppose, instead of thinking about organisms using genes to reproduce themselves, as we had since Mendel's work was rediscovered, we turn it around and imagine that "our" genes build and maintain us in order to make more genes. That simple reversal seems to answer many puzzlers which had stumped scientists for years, and we haven't thought of evolution in the same way since.' Rob Lightner 
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Denzinger, Henricus, and Adolphus Schoenmetzer, Enchiridion Symbolorum, Definitionum et Declarationum de Rebus Fidei et Morum, Herder 1963 Introduction: 'Dubium non est quin praeter s. Scripturam cuique theologo summe desiderandus sit etiam liber manualis quo contineantur edicta Magisterii ecclesiastici eaque saltem maioris momenti, et quo ope variorim indicum quaerenti aperiantur eorum materiae.' (3) 'There is no doubt that in addition to holy Scripture, every theologian also needs a handbook which contains at least the more important edicts of the Magisterium of the Church, indexed in a way which makes them easy to find.'back
Golding, William, Lord of the Flies, Faber and Faber 1973 Amazon.com Review 'William Golding's classic tale about a group of English schoolboys who are plane-wrecked on a deserted island is just as chilling and relevant today as when it was first published in 1954. At first, the stranded boys cooperate, attempting to gather food, make shelters, and maintain signal fires. Overseeing their efforts are Ralph, "the boy with fair hair," and Piggy, Ralph's chubby, wisdom-dispensing sidekick whose thick spectacles come in handy for lighting fires. Although Ralph tries to impose order and delegate responsibility, there are many in their number who would rather swim, play, or hunt the island's wild pig population. Soon Ralph's rules are being ignored or challenged outright. His fiercest antagonist is Jack, the redheaded leader of the pig hunters, who manages to lure away many of the boys to join his band of painted savages. The situation deteriorates as the trappings of civilization continue to fall away, until Ralph discovers that instead of being hunters, he and Piggy have become the hunted: "He forgot his words, his hunger and thirst, and became fear; hopeless fear on flying feet." Golding's gripping novel explores the boundary between human reason and animal instinct, all on the brutal playing field of adolescent competition.' --Jennifer Hubert - 
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Küng, Hans, Justification: The Docrine of Karl Barth and a Catholic Reflection , Thomas Nelson & Sons 1964 Jacket: 'No other work in English strikes so directly at the theological split between Catholic and classical Protestant Christianity as this book with which Hans Küng estrablished himself as one of the Catholic Church's leading and most able theologians. The point at issue here is the decisive question of the Protestant Reformation: In what circumstances may man be regarded as justified before God? . . . ' 
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Le Carre, John, The Russia House, Knopf; 0394577892 1989 Amazon Editorial Reviews From Publishers Weekly 'The master of the spy novel has discovered perestroika , and the genre may never be the same again . Le Carre's latest is both brilliantly up-to-date and cheeringly hopeful in a way readers of the Smiley books could never have anticipated. Barley Blair is a down-at-heels, jazz-loving London publisher who impresses a dissident Soviet physicist during a drunken evening at a Moscow Book Fair. When the physicist attempts to have Barley publish his insider's study of the chaotic state of Soviet defense, British intelligence steps in. Barley, after extensive vetting by both MI5 and the CIA, is made the go-between for further invaluable information, and in the process becomes involved with the physicist's former lover, Katya. The portraits of American and British intelligence agents are, as always, wonderfully acute, and the plot is a dazzling creation. Le Carre's Russia is funny and touching by turns but always convincing, and the love affair between Barley and Katya, subtly understated, is by far the warmest the author has created. But the singing quality of The Russia House , written at the height of le Carre's powers, is its pervading sense of the increasing waste and irrelevance of ongoing cold-war machinations: "That is . . the tragedy of great nations. So much talent bursting to be used, so much goodness longing to come out. Yet all so miserably spoken for that sometimes we could scarcely believe it was America speaking to us at all." Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.  
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Miles, Jack, God : A Biography, Vintage Books 1996 Jacket: 'Jack Miles's remarkable work examines the hero of the Old Testament ... from his first appearance as Creator to his last as Ancient of Days. ... We see God torn by conflicting urges. To his own sorrow, he is by turns destructive and creative, vain and modest, subtle and naive, ruthless and tender, lawful and lawless, powerful yet powerless, omniscient and blind.' 
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Nichols, Peter, The Pope's Divisions: The Roman Catholic Church Today, Henry Holt & Co ISBN-13: 978-0030475764 1984 Jacket: 'About eighteen percent of the world's population is Roman Catholic, and there is no bigger or more influential religious body that the Catholic Church. . . . Rome correspondent of The Times of London for more than twenty years, sympathetic to the Church although not himself a Catholic, Peter Nichols is closely familiar with the Curia and its functionaries and an absorbed observer of recent Popes and Papal elections. ... ' 
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Rossano, Matt, Superhatural Selection: How Religion Evolved, Oxford University Press 2010 Amazon Product Description 'In 2006, scientist Richard Dawkins published a blockbuster bestseller, The God Delusion. This atheist manifesto sparked a furious reaction from believers, who have responded with numerous books of their own. By pitting science against religion, however, this debate overlooks what science can tell us about religion. According to evolutionary psychologist Matt J. Rossano, what science reveals is that religion made us human. In Supernatural Selection, Rossano presents an evolutionary history of religion. Neither an apologist for religion nor a religion-basher, he draws together evidence from a wide range of disciplines to show the valuable--even essential--adaptive purpose served by systematic belief in the supernatural. The roots of religion stretch as far back as half a million years, when our ancestors developed the motor control to engage in social rituals--that is, to sing and dance together. Then, about 70,000 years ago, a global ecological crisis drove humanity to the edge of extinction. It forced the survivors to create new strategies for survival, and religious rituals were foremost among them. Fundamentally, Rossano writes, religion is a way for humans to relate to each other and the world around them--and, in the grim struggles of prehistory, it offered significant survival and reproductive advantages. It emerged as our ancestors' first health care system, and a critical part of that health care system was social support. Religious groups tended to be far more cohesive, which gave them a competitive advantage over non-religious groups, and enabled them to conquer the globe. Rather than focusing on one aspect of religion, as many theorists do, Rossano offers an all-encompassing approach that is rich with surprises, insights, and provocative conclusions.' 
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Papers
Rees, Martin, "The Royal Society's Wider Role", Science, 328, 5986, 25 June 2010, page 1611. 'Martin Rees is Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, UK, and president of the Royal Society.

The royal society is currently celebrating its 350th anniversary. In its earlier years, Christopher Wren, Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle, Samuel Pepys, and other "ingenious and curious gentlemen" met regularly in London. Their motto was to "accept nothing on authority." They did experiments, peered through newly invented telescopes and microscopes, and dissected weird animals. But, as well as indulging their curiosity, they were immersed in the practical agenda of their era: improving navigation, exploring the New World, and rebuilding London after the Great Fire of 1666. . . .'. back

Links
Anglican Church League The Thirty Nine Articles 'THE ARTICLES OF RELIGION Agreed upon by the Archbishops, Bishops, and the whole clergy of the Provinces of Canterbury and York, London, 1562 Article I Of Faith in the Holy Trinity There is but one living and true God, everlasting, without body, parts, or passions; of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness; the Maker, and Preserver of all things both visible and invisible. And in unity of this Godhead there be three Persons, of one substance, power, and eternity; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. . . . ' back
Aquinas 1209 Whether those things that are of faith should be divided into certain articles ' On the contrary, Isidore says: "An article is a glimpse of Divine truth, tending thereto." Now we can only get a glimpse of Divine truth by way of analysis, since things which in God are one, are manifold in our intellect. Therefore matters of faith should be divided into articles.' back
Christopher Shields Aristotle (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Thu Sep 25, 2008 Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: . . . A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering as many as two-hundred treatises, from which approximately thirty-one survive.[1] His extant writings span a wide range of disciplines, from logic, metaphysics and philosophy of mind, through ethics, political theory, aesthetics and rhetoric, and into such primarily non-philosophical fields as empirical biology, where he excelled at detailed plant and animal observation and taxonomy. In all these areas, Aristotle's theories have provided illumination, met with resistance, sparked debate, and generally stimulated the sustained interest of an abiding readership. back
Continuous function - Wikipedia Continuous function - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'IIn mathematics, a continuous function is a function for which, intuitively, "small" changes in the input result in "small" changes in the output. Otherwise, a function is said to be a "discontinuous function". A continuous function with a continuous inverse function is called "bicontinuous".' back
Cybernetics - Wikipedia Cybernetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of regulatory systems. Cybernetics is closely related to control theory and systems theory. Both in its origins and in its evolution in the second-half of the 20th century, cybernetics is equally applicable to physical and social (that is, language-based) systems.' back
David H Petraeus & James F Amos Counterinsurgency Preface 'This field manual/Marine Corps warfighting publication establishes doctrine (fundamental principles) for mili- tary operations in a counterinsurgency (COIN) environment. It is based on lessons learned from previous coun- terinsurgencies and contemporary operations. It is also based on existing interim doctrine and doctrine recently developed. Counterinsurgency operations generally have been neglected in broader American military doctrine and na- tional security policies since the end of the Vietnam War over 30 years ago. This manual is designed to reverse that trend. It is also designed to merge traditional approaches to COIN with the realities of a new international arena shaped by technological advances, globalization, and the spread of extremist ideologies—some of them claiming the authority of a religious faith. ' back
Discrete mathematics - Wikipedia Discrete mathematics - Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia 'Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous. In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values.[2] Discrete mathematics therefore excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as calculus and analysis.' back
Euclid - Wikipedia Euclid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Euclid (. . . Ancient Greek: Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs), fl. 300 BC, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry." He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century back
Football Federation Australia Football Australia Home 'Football Federation Australia (FFA) is a member of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the international governing body for football. Information regarding FIFA is available at www.fifa.com FFA is[also] a member of the Asian Football Confederation, having joined that body on 1 January 2006. Information regarding the Asian Football Confederation is available at www.the-afc.com FFA is the governing body for football in Australia. Therefore, FFA is responsible for governance of the game in Australia, ensuring the world’s most popular sport is conducted to the highest of standards and continuing the growth and development of the game. back
General covariance - Wikipedia General covariance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In theoretical physics, general covariance (also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance) is the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations. The essential idea is that coordinates do not exist a priori in nature, but are only artifices used in describing nature, and hence should play no role in the formulation of fundamental physical laws. A physical law expressed in a generally covariant fashion takes the same mathematical form in all coordinate systems, and is usually expressed in terms of tensor fields. The classical (non-quantum) theory of electrodynamics is one theory that has such a formulation.' back
General relativity - Wikipedia General relativity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'General relativity or the general theory of relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916.[1] It is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalises special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime. In particular, the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the four-momentum (mass-energy and linear momentum) of whatever matter and radiation are present. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of partial differential equations.' back
George Smith Isaac Newton (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Wed Dec 19, 2007 'Isaac Newton (1642–1727) is best known for having invented the calculus in the mid to late 1660s (most of a decade before Leibniz did so independently, and ultimately more influentially) and for having formulated the theory of universal gravity — the latter in his Principia, the single most important work in the transformation of early modern natural philosophy into modern physical science. Yet he also made major discoveries in optics beginning in the mid-1660s and reaching across four decades; and during the course of his 60 years of intense intellectual activity he put no less effort into chemical and alchemical research and into theology and biblical studies than he put into mathematics and physics.' back
Holy See Congregation for Bishops - Index back
Holy See Press Office Synod of Bishops 'During the work of Vatican Council II, the Fathers at the Council explored the idea (manifested in the Decrees Christus Dominus [N. 5] and Ad Gentes [N. 29]) of enlivening the true spirit of collegiality, that is to say the conviction that the Pope, in his work as Universal Shepherd of the Church, could exercise his union with the Bishops, Members of the same episcopal order as the Bishop of Rome, in a more obvious and efficient way. To achieve this, Pope Paul VI, in his Apostolic Letter "Motu proprio" Apostolica sollicitudo, dated September 15th 1965 (AAS 57 [1865] 775-780), created the Synod of Bishops for the entire Church, the fruit of conciliar experiences, determining the structure and the institutional task: «The Apostolic concern leading Us to carefully survey the signs of the times and to make every effort to adapt the means and methods of the holy apostolate to the changing circumstances and need of our day, impels Us to establish even closer ties with the bishops in order to strengthen Our union with them "whom the Holy Spirit has placed [...] to rule the Church of God" (Acts 20:28)' back
Jenann Ismael Quantum Mechanics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Wed Nov 29, 2000; substantive revision Tue Sep 1, 2009 'Quantum mechanics is, at least at first glance and at lea st in part, a mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles — or, at least, of the measuring instruments we use to explore those behaviors — and in that capacity, it is spectacularly successful: in terms of power and precision, head and shoulders above any theory we have ever had. . . . The question of what kind of a world it describes, however, is controversial; there is very little agreement, among physicists and among philosophers, about what the world is like according to quantum mechanics.' back
John Palmer - Parmenides Parmenides (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Fri Feb 8, 2008 'Parmenides of Elea, active in the earlier part of the 5th c. BCE., authored a difficult metaphysical poem that has earned him a reputation as early Greek philosophy's most profound and challenging thinker. His philosophical stance has typically been understood as at once extremely paradoxical and yet crucial for the broader development of Greek natural philosophy and metaphysics. He has been seen as a metaphysical monist (of one stripe or another) who so challenged the naïve cosmological theories of his predecessors that his major successors among the Presocratics were all driven to develop more sophisticated physical theories in response to his arguments.' back
John Palmer - Zeno Zeno of Elea (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) 'Zeno of Elea, 5th c. B.C. thinker, is known exclusively for propounding a number of ingenious paradoxes. The most famous of these purport to show that motion is impossible by bringing to light apparent or latent contradictions in ordinary assumptions regarding its occurrence. Zeno also argued against the commonsense assumption that there are many things by showing in various ways how it, too, leads to contradiction.' back
John Paul II Ordinatio Sacerdotalis: Apotolic Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on Reserving Priestly Ordination to Men Alone. 'When the question of the ordination of women arose in the Anglican Communion, Pope Paul VI, out of fidelity to his office of safeguarding the Apostolic Tradition, and also with a view to removing a new obstacle placed in the way of Christian unity, reminded Anglicans of the position of the Catholic Church: "She holds that it is not admissible to ordain women to the priesthood, for very fundamental reasons. These reasons include: the example recorded in the Sacred Scriptures of Christ choosing his Apostles only from among men; the constant practice of the Church, which has imitated Christ in choosing only men; and her living teaching authority which has consistently held that the exclusion of women from the priesthood is in accordance with God's plan for his Church." back
LLL Media Group, Inc Tantra * Kama Sutra * Tantric Sex 'Like meditation and yoga, Tantric sex is a spiritual practice. It is not aimed at self-indulgence or pleasure as an end in itself. Tantra uses sexual energy, with all of its rawness, social stigma, fear, and vulnerability to crack open our egos so that we can be present with our lovers, and ultimately, with ourselves.' back
Mach's principle - Wikipedia Mach's principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture[1]) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the local motion of a rotating reference frame is determined by the large scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote: You are standing in a field looking at the stars. Your arms are resting freely at your side, and you see that the distant stars are not moving. Now start spinning. The stars are whirling around you and your arms are pulled away from your body. Why should your arms be pulled away when the stars are whirling? Why should they be dangling freely when the stars don't move?' back
Mariology of the popes - Wikipedia Mariology of the popes - Wikipedia 'The Mariology of the popes is the theological study of the influence that the popes have had on the development, formulation and transformation of the Roman Catholic Church’s doctrines and devotions relating to Mary, the Mother of God. The growth path of Mariology over the centuries has been influenced by a number of forces and factors, among which papal directives and decisions have often represented key milestones. Throughout history, popes have highlighted the link between Mary and the full acceptance of Jesus Christ as son of God.' back
Media, Entertainment & Arts Alliance Alliance Online 'The Alliance is the union and professional organisation which covers everyone in the media, entertainment, sports and arts industries. Our 30,000 members include people working in TV, radio, theatre & film, entertainment venues, recreation grounds, journalists, actors, dancers, sportspeople, cartoonists, photographers, orchestral & opera performers as well as people working in public relations, advertising, book publishing & website production ...in fact everyone who works in the industries that inform or entertain Australians.' back
Meinard Kuhlmann Quantum Field Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Thu Jun 22, 2006 'Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is the mathematical and conceptual framework for contemporary elementary particle physics. . . . QFT is presently the best starting point for analysing the fundamental features of matter and interactions.

During the last two decades QFT became a more and more vividly discussed topic in philosophy of physics. QFT is an attractive topic for philosophers with respect to methodology, semantics as well as ontology. Indeed, from a methodological point of view QFT is much more a set of formal strategies and mathematical tools than a closed theory. Its development was accompanied by problems provoked by the application of badly defined mathematics. Nevertheless, empirically such pragmatic approaches have been far more successful so far than more rigorous formulations. How could such a theory work for more than 70 years? Since mathematical reasoning dominated the heuristics of QFT, its interpretation is open in most areas which go beyond the immediate empirical predictions.' back

Noosphere - Wikipedia Noosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Noosphere (pronounced /ˈnoʊ.ɵsfɪər/; sometimes noösphere), according to the thought of Vladimir Vernadsky and Teilhard de Chardin, denotes the "sphere of human thought". The word is derived from the Greek νοῦς (nous "mind") + σφαῖρα (sphaira "sphere"), in lexical analogy to "atmosphere" and "biosphere".' back
Parmenides - Wikipedia Parmenides - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Parmenides of Elea (early 5th century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, a Greek city on the southern coast of Italy. He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy, his only known work is a poem which has survived only in fragmentary form. In it, Parmenides describes two views of reality. In the Way of Truth, he explained how reality is one; change is impossible; and existence is timeless, uniform, and unchanging. In the Way of Opinion, he explained the world of appearances, which is false and deceitful. These thoughts strongly influenced Plato, and through him, the whole of western philosophy.' back
Peter MacHamer Galileo Galilei (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Fri Mar 4, 2005; substantive revision Thu May 21, 2009 'Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) has always played a key role in any history of science and, in many histories of philosophy, he is a, if not the, central figure of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. His work in physics or natural philosophy, astronomy, and the methodology of science still evoke debate after over 360 years. His role in promoting the Copernican theory and his travails and trials with the Roman Church are stories that still require re-telling. This article attempts to provide an overview of these aspects of Galileo's life and work, but does so by focusing in a new way on his discussions of the nature of matter.' back
Pius XII Mystici Corporis Christi 'Venerable Brethren, Health and Apostolic Benediction. . . .

that grave errors with regard to this doctrine are being spread among those outside the true Church, and that among the faithful, also, inaccurate or thoroughly false ideas are being disseminated which turn minds aside from the straight path of truth. 9. For while there still survives a false rationalism, which ridicules anything that transcends and defies the power of human genius, and which is accompanied by a cognate error, the so-called popular naturalism, which sees and wills to see in the Church nothing but a juridical and social union, there is on the other hand a false mysticism creeping in, which, in its attempt to eliminate the immovable frontier that separates creatures from their Creator, falsifies the Sacred Scriptures.' . . .

Given at Rome, at St. Peter's on the twenty-ninth day of June, the Feast of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, in the year 1943, the fifth of Our Pontificate.' back

Richard Kraut - Plato Plato (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Sat Mar 20, 2004; substantive revision Thu Sep 17, 2009 'Plato (429–347 B.C.E.) is, by any reckoning, one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating, wide-ranging, and influential authors in the history of philosophy. . . . Few other authors in the history of philosophy approximate him in depth and range: perhaps only Aristotle (who studied with him), Aquinas, and Kant would be generally agreed to be of the same rank.' back
Royal Society - Wikipedia Royal Society - Wikipedia 'The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence.[1] Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London". The Society was initially an extension of the "Invisible College", with the founders intending it to be a place of research and discussion. The Society today acts as a scientific advisor to the British government, receiving a parliamentary grant-in-aid. The Society acts as the UK's Academy of Sciences, and funds research fellowships and scientific start-up companies.' back
Statistical mechanics - Wikipedia Statistical mechanics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Statistical mechanics (or statistical thermodynamics is the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. . . . The essential problem in statistical thermodynamics is to determine the distribution of a given amount of energy E over N identical systems. The goal of statistical thermodynamics is to understand and to interpret the measurable macroscopic properties of materials in terms of the properties of their constituent particles and the interactions between them. This is done by connecting thermodynamic functions to quantum-mechanic equations. Two central quantities in statistical thermodynamics are the Boltzmann factor and the partition function.' back
The T & T Clark Blog: KarlBarth's Church Dogmatics - The Revised Edition 'We are happy to announce the publication of the revised edtion of Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics. The newly revised and digitized edition is the result of a close co-operation between Princeton Theological Seminary and T&T Clark Publishers. The Church Dogmatics is arguably the greatest theological work of the twentieth century. This exciting development will make it possible for the first time to query and search the nearly 8,000 pages of the Church Dogmatics and will result in the publication of a new 31 volume paperback edition by T&T Clark in 2008' back
Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica Thomas Aquinas: The medieval theological classic online : 'Because the doctor of Catholic truth ought not only to teach the proficient, but also to instruct beginners (according to the Apostle: As unto little ones in Christ, I gave you milk to drink, not meat -- 1 Cor. 3:1-2), we purpose in this book to treat of whatever belongs to the Christian religion, in such a way as may tend to the instruction of beginners. We have considered that students in this doctrine have not seldom been hampered by what they have found written by other authors, partly on account of the multiplication of useless questions, articles, and arguments, partly also because those things that are needful for them to know are not taught according to the order of the subject matter, but according as the plan of the book might require, or the occasion of the argument offer, partly, too, because frequent repetition brought weariness and confusion to the minds of readers.' back
University of Paris - Wikipedia University of Paris - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The University of Paris (French: Université de Paris) was founded in the mid 11th century, and officially recognized as a university likely between 1160 and 1170 (or possibly as early as 1150).[1] After many changes including a century of suspension (1793-1896), it ceased to exist in 1970 and 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII) were created on its remains. back

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