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Notes

[Notebook: DB 59 Draughts]

[Sunday 18 June 2006 - Saturday 24 June 2006]

[page 22]

Sunday 18 June 2006

A symmetry is a path from a to b which can be expressed by a function much simpler than a random (maximum entropy) path from a to b. The path integral method is a way of picking certain paths out of all possible paths by adding up little arrows [ie complex numbers].

QED Feynman

Zee page 9: 'Feynman followed Newton and Leibniz. Take a path; approximate it by straight line segments and let the segments

[page 23]

go to zero.' Zee This works in any continuous space. Now what the physicists say is that what goes on in the complex continuous space of quantum mechanics determines the probabilities of the events we see, . . .

 

Weinberg vol I page 51: '. . . a symmetry transformation that is infinitesimally close to being trivial can be represented by a linear unitary operator that is infinitesimally close to the identity U = I + iet, with e a real infinitesimal. For this to be unitary and linear, t must be Hermitean and linear, so it is a candidate for an observable. Indeed most (and perhaps all) of the observables of physics, such as angular momentum arise in this way from symmetry transformations.' Weinberg

Fundamental of computing #1: a place for everything and everything in its place. Then the computer can compute addresses as well as operating on the materials that it finds at those addresses. Often the results of the latter computations are an input t calculating the next address.

Infinite (definition): you can always add another one. This does not mean that it is already big. This feature of infinity seems very helpful when it comes to understand the question of knowledge.

So we go via a well known network (the internet) through the transfinite numbers to a new look at gravitation.

Mine is a fides quaerens intellectum : I want my dream to be true.

[page 24]

Monday 19 June 2006

Veltman page xi: 'Perturbation means Feynman diagrams. Veltman Ie little fragments of a network, different nodes, . . . .

Veltman: 'There are formalisms that in the end produce the Feynman rules starting from the basic ideas of quantum mechanics. However, these formalisms have flaws and defects, and no derivation exists that can be called satisfactory'.

'Feynman rules have a true physics content and the physicist must understand that. He/She must know how Lorentz invariance, conservation of probability, renormalizability reflect themselves in the Feynman rules. In other words, even if there is no rigorous foundation for these rules, the physical principles at stake must be understood.'

Weinberg: '. . . particle are introduced . . . as ingredients in the representation of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group in the Hilbert space of quantum mechanics.' In other words (perhaps) they are messages/messengers.

Shannon : Orthogonal = distinct, no mixing.

Tuesday 20 June 2006

We owe what we are at a certain level of probability to our ancestors, so respect for our ancestors is well placed.

[page 25]

Wednesday 21 June 2006

Let us guess that the succession of religions, like the succession of all other recursive (evolving) events, arises by giving new meaning to old symbols. Genes duplicate and evolve apart as their products catalyze some new process that confers added fitness (like being able to combat a wider range of infections).

Deo volente; in'sha Allah. At the moment I want to visit my sick daughter, but my car won't start. it is an intermittent fault that we have not been able to trace for six months, an apparently random event that occurs about only every ten starts. To start every prerequisite for starting must be fulfilled. In this case we have spark, fuel and timing.

Thursday 22 June 2006
Friday 23 June 2006

The official theology of the Roman Catholic Church serves as our classical or I might say Newtonian theology. Newton obtained his picture of the world by making certain simplifications. First the whole Universe is in the hands of God, who makes it move as it does. Our quest is to see and understand the harmonies in the works of God, helping ourselves by standing on he shoulders of giants.

[page 26]

..

The rest frame of light is the frame in which it is emitted ad that in which it absorbed, regardless of the relative motion of these frames.

Energy is conserved in the creation of structure, ie in the conversion from kinetic to potential energy. But what is the total energy of the Universe?

A convenient conclusion is that total energy = Potential Energy - Kinetic Energy (say) and that PE = KE so total energy is zero. What does this mean in communication terms. A message in motion has KE, dead in memory, it has PE [?]

Feynman and Hibbs page 23: in relativistic quantum mechanics 'the probability amplitude is a kind of hypercomplex number. Feynman and Hibbs

page 26: classical action, S, is minimized by the path actually taken by the particles, ie minimum cost [measured in action] So we say that action = money, energy = 'cash burn rate'

Classical Lagrangian: . . .

[page 27]

In words: the time rate of change f the difference between kinetic and potential energy (L) of a moving particle is equal to the rate of change of L with respect to position.

ie 'acceleration of Lagrangian = rate of change of L with position.

Lagrangian of the Universe has no position and so (?) no change in time, consistent with a value of zero.

. . .

Saturday 24 June 2006

Related sites

Concordat Watch

Revealing Vatican attempts to propagate its religion by international treaty


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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Allen, Richard Hinckley, Star Names: Their Lore and their Meaning, Dover 1963 Jacket: 'From his studies of the writings of scores of ancient astronomers, the author has come up with a fascinating history of the names various cultures have given the constellations, the literary and folkloristic uses that have been made of the stars through the centuries, and the often incredible associations that ancient people established with the stars. ... The book is the only complete coverage of its kind in English. It is completely non-technical, hence accessible to etymologists, anthropologists and amateur star-gazers. But it contains so much unique reading material on early astronomical theory, so many delightful accounts drawn from the pages of books almost impossible to find today, that even the practicing astronomer will finds its pages refreshingly new and instructive.' 
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Chadan, K, and P C Sabatier, Inverse Problems in Quantum Scattering Theory, Springer-Verlag 1989 Foreword: 'The normal business of physicists may be schematically thought of as predicting the motions of particles on the basis of knwon forces ... The inverse problem is to conclude what the forces ... are on the basis of the observed motion. A large part of our sensory contact with the world around us depends upon an intuitive notion of such an inverse problme: we infer the shape, size and surface texture of external objects from the scattering and absorption of light as detected by our eyes.' 
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Damasio, Antonio, Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain, Avon Books 1995 Amazon Customer Review: 'Ever since the Renaissance roughly two different camps have existed. One (still the predominant paradigm today) is the rationalistic school represented by Descartes et al., the other represented by Hume, Rousseau et al. The latter group postulated a great many things about how emotions and feelings were important, but no proof could be produced at the time. With Antonio Damasio's book, however, we finally have the proof we have waited 400 years for! Emotions are indeed important, and the body and mind are not seperate entities but rather a united whole. This is not just a philosophical matter now, but a scientific theory corroborated by clinical evidence. Damasio even describes accurately just how these emotions and feelings influence and guide us. ... ' Jesper, 
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Feynman, Richard P , and Albert P Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals, McGraw Hill 1965 Preface: 'The fundamental physical and mathematical concepts which underlie the path integral approach were first developed by R P Feynman in the course of his graduate studies at Princeton, ... . These early inquiries were involved with the problem of the infinte self-energy of the electron. In working on that problem, a "least action" principle was discovered [which] could deal succesfully with the infinity arising in the application of classical electrodynamics.' As described in this book. Feynam, inspired by Dirac, went on the develop this insight into a fruitful source of solutions to many quantum mechanical problems.  
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Feynman, Richard, QED: The Strange Story of Light and Matter, Princeton UP 1988 Jacket: 'Quantum electrodynamics - or QED for short - is the 'strange theory' that explains how light and electrons interact. Thanks to Richard Feynmann and his colleagues, it is also one of the rare parts of physics that is known for sure, a theory that has stood the test of time. ... In this beautifully lucid set of lectures he provides a definitive introduction to QED.' 
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Meade, Marion , Dorothy Parker: What Fresh Hell is This, Penguin USA 1989 Jacket: 'Wasn't the Yale Prom wonderful? "If all the girls present were laid end to end, I wouldn't be at all surprised."' 'Dorothy Parker was known as the wittiest woman in America during the 1920s and 1930s. In this lively, absorbing biography, Meade illuminates both the dark side of Parker and her days of wicked wittiness at the Alguonquin Round Table with the likes of William Faulkner. Photos.' Amazon 
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Veltman, Martinus, Diagrammatica: The Path to the Feynman Rules, Cambridge University Press 1994 Jacket: 'This book provides an easily accessible introduction to quantum field theory via Feynman rules and calculations in particle physics. The aim is to make clear what the physical foundations of present-day field theory are, to clarify the physical content of Feynman rules, and to outline their domain of applicability. ... The book includes valuable appendices that review some essential mathematics, including complex spaces, matrices, the CBH equation, traces and dimensional regularization. ...' 
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Weinberg, Steven, The Quantum Theory of Fields Volume I: Foundations, Cambridge University Press 1995 Jacket: 'After a brief historical outline, the book begins anew with the principles about which we are most certain, relativity and quantum mechanics, and then the properties of particles that follow from these principles. Quantum field theory then emerges from this as a natural consequence. The classic calculations of quantum electrodynamics are presented in a thoroughly modern way, showing the use of path integrals and dimensional regularization. The account of renormalization theory reflects the changes in our view of quantum field theory since the advent of effective field theories. The book's scope extends beyond quantum elelctrodynamics to elementary partricle physics and nuclear physics. It contains much original material, and is peppered with examples and insights drawn from the author's experience as a leader of elementary particle research. Problems are included at the end of each chapter. ' 
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Zee, Anthony, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, Princeton University Press 2003 Amazon book description: 'An esteemed researcher and acclaimed popular author takes up the challenge of providing a clear, relatively brief, and fully up-to-date introduction to one of the most vital but notoriously difficult subjects in theoretical physics. A quantum field theory text for the twenty-first century, this book makes the essential tool of modern theoretical physics available to any student who has completed a course on quantum mechanics and is eager to go on. Quantum field theory was invented to deal simultaneously with special relativity and quantum mechanics, the two greatest discoveries of early twentieth-century physics, but it has become increasingly important to many areas of physics. These days, physicists turn to quantum field theory to describe a multitude of phenomena. Stressing critical ideas and insights, Zee uses numerous examples to lead students to a true conceptual understanding of quantum field theory--what it means and what it can do. He covers an unusually diverse range of topics, including various contemporary developments,while guiding readers through thoughtfully designed problems. In contrast to previous texts, Zee incorporates gravity from the outset and discusses the innovative use of quantum field theory in modern condensed matter theory. Without a solid understanding of quantum field theory, no student can claim to have mastered contemporary theoretical physics. Offering a remarkably accessible conceptual introduction, this text will be widely welcomed and used.  
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