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Notes

[Notebook: DB 59 Draughts]

[Sunday 3 September 2006 - Saturday 9 September 2006]

[page 147]

Sunday 3 September 2006

Relativity of locality Wigner, Symmetries page 51. Wigner

The type in the boxes is symmetrical (all the same - each symbol) The symmetry is broken when it is set into text.

'Massive" = 'Internal process'. Insofar as a letter is static (invariant) it has no mass and so can travel at the local 'speed of light'.

Deighton: London: Individuals vis-a-vis organizations. Deighton

[page 148]

All communication is confined to two points whose distance apart while communicating is zero. A 'broadcast' is a set of one-one correspondences.

All communication takes place at zero (logical distance) which we take to be bidirectional implication.

The execution of a Turing machine requires a quantum of action. The smallest Turing machine (ie the one that carries us the least difference) is the identity operation. The machine reads a square, erases it (if you like) and then writes the same thing as it read. Two of these can be coupled in opposite phase to make a unitary system,

Rate of action = frequency = energy.

. . .

Logical implications overlap so that the distance between them is less than zero. How much overlap? We can make this calculation with gravitational coupling. Gravitation applies to al particles, even those with no internal structure (dark matter?), and since these particles have no internal structure, if they overlap they must totally overlap (?).

[page 149]

Quantum mechanics all works on phase, which takes us quickly to frequency, energy, momentum etc. Gravitation encompasses the whole symmetric network, every point being its own 'rest frame' and in contact with the others by logical operations to which we attribute logical continuity.

The classical continuum does not allow points to overlap, but sets of points may. In other words, the points in the classical like (names by the real numbers) do not touch.

We measure overlap by comparing phase through the inner product.

[von Neumann} showed us the cardinal (integral) transition between continuous and discrete space, so unifying the two versions of quantum mechanics by showing that they led to the same results. von Neumann Heisenberg's ansatz again.

We would hope to map the symmetric network to quantum mechanics in a similar way. Aleph(0) different Turing machines, but no limit to the distinct number of instances of a particular one. PARTICLE = TURING MACHINE. Motivation electron, meson, tau. (Family of three).

So let us construct a Turing machine version of Dirac's equation:

We are all so happy when something 'works' = comes out right (like childbirth).

[page 150]

Angle (phase) = degree of overlap which runs from -1 through 0 to +1. I overlap completely with myself 1. I antioverlap with my environment (not - me) In between is 0.

There seems to be no reason why we cannot substitute the Turing model for the harmonic model except that the harmonic model is supported by three centuries of tradition and a vast literature, whereas it is hard to see how to apply the Turing model. Press on.

Monday 4 September 2006
Tuesday 5 September 2006

In quantum mechanics the 'overlap integral' (scalar product of two vectors) gives the probability amplitude that when we measure one vector a we get the other b, ie it tells us the degree to which a implies b. There is no implication between orthogonal vectors, and identity between a vector and itself. The classical 'measurement' of a vector gives us a probability |amplitude|2of a given event a --> b.

Wednesday 6 September 2006

Einstein introduced a new way of measuring distance, showing that we must consider spacetime together, giving us a new concept of 0 distance.

Quantum mechanics introduced a new way of computing probabilities and showed us that we must take interactions (past and future) into our

[page 151]

accounts. Greenies introduced a new way of accounting for our actions, showing that we must take all causes and consequences into account.

My internal state (happiness, sadness) maps to my external state (rich, poor) via a set of expectations.

Religion and politics: Quality control begins with measurement, since if we cannot measure things we cannot control them. Measurement always requires some discrete unit (even if it is the last significant decimal place). Some things like sheep are naturally countable and quantum mechanics tells us that everything in the Universe [is countable].

The fundamental principle of quantum mechanics is that everything we see is countable. Although quantum mechanics has a lot of continuous formalism in it, the name of the game has been to get the continuous formalism to come up with isolated (discrete) points like the eigenvalues of an operator, which exist independently of the basis (language) in which they are expressed.

The relative state formalism of quantum mechanics fits naturally with the symmetrical network, since a change at one point can be inferred from a change at another of the two points are in communication, ie in contact.

We can relate all our emotions to action. I am depressed when I cannot conceive an action which will achieve what I want (or need), elated (like in love) when I can see my way to overcoming death by reproduction.

[page 152]

Thursday 7 September 2006

Rigid = 1 inertial frame = no relative velocity. A truss remains rigid as long as every one of its elements maintains its position relative to the others.

Riemann in Jammer page 181: 'The basis of metrical determination must be sought outside the manifold in the binding forces which act upon it'. Jammer

The 'logical metric' has values 0, 1. Either it is logical or it is not because predicate calculus is complete. No question remains unanswered.

Bound and unbound. Unbound terms, like pronouns, are 'symmetrical' because they may be mapped to many different 'meanings'.

Friday 8 September 2006
Saturday 9 September 2006

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Deighton, Len, Berlin Game, Mexico Set and London Match, Knopf; 1989  
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Jammer, Max, Concepts of Space: The History of Theories of Space in Physics, Dover 1994 Jacket: 'Although the concept of space is of fundamental importance in both physics and philosophy, until the publication of this book, the idea of space had never been treated in terms of its historical development. ... Following an introductory chapter on the concept of space in antiguity, subsequent chapters consider Judeaeo-Christian ideas about space, the emancipation of the space concept from Aristotelianism, Newton's concept of absolute space and the concept of space from the 18th century to the present. ... It is essential reading for philosphers, physicists and mathematicians, but even the nonprofessional reader will find it accessible, for the author has kept the technical language and mathematical details to a minimum.' 
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von Neumann, John, and Robert T Beyer (translator), Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Princeton University Press 1983 Jacket: '. . . a revolutionary book that caused a sea change in theoretical physics. . . . JvN begins by presenting the theory of Hermitean operators and Hilbert spaces. These provide the framework for transformation theory, which JvN regards as the definitive form of quantum mechanics. . . . Regarded as a tour de force at the time of its publication, this book is still indispensible for those interested in the fundamental issues of quantum mechanics.' 
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Wigner, Eugene, Symmetries and Reflections: Scientific Essays , MIT Press 1970 Jacket: 'This volume contains some of Professor Wigner's more popular papers which, in their diversity of subject and clarity of style, reflect the author's deep analytical powers and the remarkable scope of his interests. Included are articles on the nature of physical symmetry, invariance and conservation principles, the structure of solid bodies and of the compound nucleus, the theory of nuclear fission, the effects of radiation on solids, and the epistemological problems of quantum mechanics. Other articles deal with the story of the first man-made nuclear chain reaction, the long term prospects of nuclear energy, the problems of Big Science, and the role of mathematics in the natural sciences. In addition, the book contains statements of Wigner's convictions and beliefs. as we as memoirs of his friends Enrico Fermi and John von Neumann. Eugene P. Wigner is one of the architects of the atomic age. He worked with Enrco Fermi at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago at the beginning of the Manhattan Project, and he has gone on to receive the highest honours that science and his country can bestow, including the Nobel Prize for physics, the Max Planck Medal, the Enrico Fermi Award and the Atoms for Peace Award. '. 
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