Abelard, Peter, and Helois. William Levitan (editor), , Hackett Publishing 2007 Amazon book description: 'The most comprehensive compilation of the works of Abelard and Heloise ever presented in a single volume in English, The Letters and Other Writings features an accurate and stylistically faithful new translation of both The Calamities of Peter Abelard and the remarkable letters it sparked between the ill-fated twelfth-century philosopher and his brilliant former student and lover -- an exchange whose intellectual passion, formal virtuosity, and psychological drama distinguish it as one of the most extraordinary correspondences in European history. Thanks to this edition, Latin-less readers will be better placed than ever to see why this undisputed milestone in the intellectual life of medieval France is also a masterpiece of Western literature.' 
Amazon   back

Agarwal, Ravi P., and Maria Meehan, Donal O'Regan, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, Cambridge University Press 2009 'This book provides a clear exposition of the flourishing field of fixed point theory. Starting form the basics of Banach's contraction theorem, most main results and techniques are ceveloped. . . . The theory is applied to many areas of current interest in analysis. . . . ' 
Amazon   back

Cantor, Georg, Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers (Translated, with Introduction and Notes by Philip E B Jourdain), Dover 1895, 1897, 1955 Jacket: 'One of the greatest mathematical classics of all time, this work established a new field of mathematics which was to be of incalculable importance in topology, number theory, analysis, theory of functions, etc, as well as the entire field of modern logic.' 
Amazon   back

Collins, Paul, Papal Power: A Proposal for Change in the Catholicism's Third Millennium, HarperCollinsReligious 1997 Jacket: 'The papacy of the Roman Catholic Church is the world's oldest continuous institution. Paul Collins, historian and inveterate Vatican watcher, has looked beyond the details of this astonishing parade of over 260 popes to uncover the dynamics of papal power. . . . He traces the developments in theory and reality that have led to a modern papacy that exercises virtually sole and total rule over the world's largest religious community. Collins' provocative . . . study proposes a new model in the Catholic Church as it enters its third millennium - one that would allow all Catholics to participate in the work and decision-making of the Church.' 
Amazon   back

Denzinger, Henricus, and Adolphus Schoenmetzer, Enchiridion Symbolorum, Definitionum et Declarationum de Rebus Fidei et Morum, Herder 1963 Introduction: 'Dubium non est quin praeter s. Scripturam cuique theologo summe desiderandus sit etiam liber manualis quo contineantur edicta Magisterii ecclesiastici eaque saltem maioris momenti, et quo ope variorim indicum quaerenti aperiantur eorum materiae.' (3) 'There is no doubt that in addition to holy Scripture, every theologian also needs a handbook which contains at least the more important edicts of the Magisterium of the Church, indexed in a way which makes them easy to find.' back

Feynman, Richard Phillips, and Gerry Neugebauer (Preface), Roger Penrose (Introduction), Six Not-So-Easy Pieces: Einstein's Relativity, Symmetry and Space-Time, Perseus Press 1998 ' No single breakthrough in twentieth-century physics (with the possible exception of quantum mechanics) changed our view of the world more than that of Einstein's discovery of relativity. The notions that the flow of time is not a constant, that the mass of an object depends on its velocity, and that the speed of light is a constant no matter what the motion of the observer, at first seemed shocking to scientists and laymen alike. But, as Feynman shows so clearly and so entertainingly in the lectures chosen for this volume, these crazy notions are no mere dry principles of physics, but are things of beauty and elegance. No one - not even Einstein himself - explained these difficult, anti-intuitive concepts more clearly, or with more verve and gusto, than Richard Feynman.' 
Amazon   back

Feynman, Richard, Feynman Lectures on Gravitation, Westview Press 2002 Amazon Editorial Reviews Book Description 'The Feynman Lectures on Gravitation are based on notes prepared during a course on gravitational physics that Richard Feynman taught at Caltech during the 1962-63 academic year. For several years prior to these lectures, Feynman thought long and hard about the fundamental problems in gravitational physics, yet he published very little. These lectures represent a useful record of his viewpoints and some of his insights into gravity and its application to cosmology, superstars, wormholes, and gravitational waves at that particular time. The lectures also contain a number of fascinating digressions and asides on the foundations of physics and other issues. Characteristically, Feynman took an untraditional non-geometric approach to gravitation and general relativity based on the underlying quantum aspects of gravity. Hence, these lectures contain a unique pedagogical account of the development of Einstein's general theory of relativity as the inevitable result of the demand for a self-consistent theory of a massless spin-2 field (the graviton) coupled to the energy-momentum tensor of matter. This approach also demonstrates the intimate and fundamental connection between gauge invariance and the principle of equivalence.' 
Amazon   back

Ford, David, The Modern Theologians : An Introduction to Christian Theology in the Twentieth Century, Blackwell 1997 Preface: 'The main aim of this volume is to introduce the theology of most leading twentieth-century Christian theologians and movements in theology. . . . The contributors are mostly based in Europe of North America and come from a wide range of institutions, denominational backgrounds, and countries. Most are themselves constructively engaged in modern theology, and their purpose has been to produce a scholarly account of their subject and also carry further the theological dialogue in each case.'  
Amazon   back

Vonnegut, Kurt, Welcome to the Monkey House, Paw Prints 2008 Book Description Release date: September 8, 1998 'Welcome to the Monkey House is a collection of Kurt Vonnegut’s shorter works. Originally printed in publications as diverse as The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and The Atlantic Monthly, these superb stories share Vonnegut’s audacious sense of humor and extraordinary range of creative vision.' 
Amazon   back

Waddell, Helen, Peter Abelard, Buck Press 2007 Amazon customer review: A Great Version of a Great Story June 9, 2002 By A Customer Format:Paperback 'I've always been an admirer of the philosopher Abelard, and like everyone else, I found the story of his love affair with Heloise very touching. So naturally, I jumped at the chance to read a book like this. And I was not disappointed. This book was very well written. Rather than painting Abelard as an egotistical, condescending, self-absorbed brute as some writers have (I'm pointing a finger at the author of "Stealing Heaven"), this book portrays him in a more sympathetic light. In this book, he is more accurately depicted as a deep and insightful man. Helen Waddell builds on what we know about Abelard, rather than making a bunch of wild guesses. Her writing style, too, is vivid and eloquent. "Peter Abelard" is a must for anyone who is into the story of Heloise and Abelard or anyone who likes a good book. I highly recommend it.' 
Amazon   back

West, Morris, The Ambassador, New English Library 1970 Jacket: 'Out of every international crisis comes at least one great book. From the explosive, bitter and savage battlefront of Vietnam comes THE AMBASSADOR. . . . " 
Amazon   back

Zee, Anthony, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, Princeton University Press 2003 Amazon book description: 'An esteemed researcher and acclaimed popular author takes up the challenge of providing a clear, relatively brief, and fully up-to-date introduction to one of the most vital but notoriously difficult subjects in theoretical physics. A quantum field theory text for the twenty-first century, this book makes the essential tool of modern theoretical physics available to any student who has completed a course on quantum mechanics and is eager to go on. Quantum field theory was invented to deal simultaneously with special relativity and quantum mechanics, the two greatest discoveries of early twentieth-century physics, but it has become increasingly important to many areas of physics. These days, physicists turn to quantum field theory to describe a multitude of phenomena. Stressing critical ideas and insights, Zee uses numerous examples to lead students to a true conceptual understanding of quantum field theory--what it means and what it can do. He covers an unusually diverse range of topics, including various contemporary developments,while guiding readers through thoughtfully designed problems. In contrast to previous texts, Zee incorporates gravity from the outset and discusses the innovative use of quantum field theory in modern condensed matter theory. Without a solid understanding of quantum field theory, no student can claim to have mastered contemporary theoretical physics. Offering a remarkably accessible conceptual introduction, this text will be widely welcomed and used.  
Amazon   back

Zemanian, Armen H, Transfiniteness for Graphs, Electrical Newtorks and Random Walks, Springer Verlag 1996 'A substantial introduction is followed by chapters covering transfinite graphs; connectedness problems; finitely structured transfinite graphs; transfinite electrical networks; permissively finitely structured networks; and a theory for random walks on a finitely structured transfinite network. Appendices present brief surveys of ordinal and cardinal numbers; summable series; and irreducible and reversible Markov chains. Accessible to those familiar with basic ideas about graphs, Hilbert spaces, and resistive electrical networks. (Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.)'  
Amazon   back

Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner - Wikipedia, Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner (Inuktitut: ᐊᑕᓈᕐᔪᐊᑦ) is a 2001 Canadian epic film directed by Inuit filmmaker Zacharias Kunuk and produced by his company Isuma Igloolik Productions. It was the first feature film ever to be written, directed and acted entirely in the Inuktitut language. Set in the ancient past, the film retells an Inuit legend passed down through centuries of oral tradition. It revolves around the title character, whose marriage with his two wives earns him the animosity of the son of the band leader, who kills Atanarjuat's brother and forces Atanarjuat to flee by foot.' back

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee - Wikipedia, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West is a 1970 book by American writer Dee Brown that covers the history of Native Americans in the American West in the late nineteenth century. The book expresses details of the history of American expansionism from a point of view that is critical of its effects on the Native Americans. Brown describes Native Americans' displacement through forced relocations and years of warfare waged by the United States federal government. The government's dealings are portrayed as a continuing effort to destroy the culture, religion, and way of life of Native American peoples.' back

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (film) - Wikipedia, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is a 2007 historical drama television film adapted from the book of the same name by Dee Brown. The film was written by Daniel Giat, directed by Yves Simoneau and produced by HBO Films. The book on which the movie is based is a history of Native Americans in the American West in the 1860s and 1870s, focusing upon the transition from traditional ways of living to living on reservations and their treatment during that period. The title of the film and the book is taken from a line in the Stephen Vincent Benet poem "American Names." It was shot in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.' back

Campbell Robertson, Crime Is Down, Yet U.S. Incarceration Rates Are Still Among the Highest in the World, ' Slightly under 1.5 million people were in prison at the end of 2017, a population that if gathered in one place would be one of the largest cities in the country. Still, this was a decrease of 1.2 percent from 2016, and a nearly 8 percent drop from the peak of prison population in 2009. County and city jails held around 750,000 inmates in mid-2017. Combined, this would make the United States by far the world’s leader in incarceration according to data collected by the Institute for Criminal Policy Research at Birkbeck, University of London, though it is unclear exactly how many people are held in detention in China, the country with the second highest count. back

Charge conservation - Wikipedia, Charge conservation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Charge conservation can also be understood as a consequence of symmetry through Noether's theorem, a central result in theoretical physics that asserts that each conservation law is associated with a symmetry of the underlying physics. The symmetry that is associated with charge conservation is the global gauge invariance of the electromagnetic field. . . . In quantum mechanics the scalar field is equivalent to a phase shift in the wavefunction of the charged particle . . . so gauge invariance is equivalent to the well known fact that changes in the phase of a wavefunction are unobservable, and only changes in the magnitude of the wavefunction result in changes to the probability function. This is the ultimate theoretical origin of charge conservation.' back

Codec - Wikipedia, Codec - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder-decoder or, less commonly, compressor-decompressor.' back

David Fickling, We Should Let China Spy on Us, ' Governments that have detailed knowledge of other countries’ motivations and capabilities are likely to be much more circumspect about the sort of rash actions that can lead to war. That’s one reason why North Korea’s opaque regime can seem so alarming, whereas German-U.S. relations survived revelations of Washington eavesdropping on Chancellor Angela Merkel’s cell phone more or less unscathed. In this sense, espionage is just a more shadowy version of the nuclear inspections, Open Skies agreements and joint military drills that routinely build confidence between rival powers. back

Divinyls - Chrissy Amphlett, Boys in Town (1981), back

E. J. Dionne Jr., What House Democrats should do now, ' For now, it’s useful for Democrats such as Sen. Elizabeth Warren (Mass.) to underscore the outrageousness of the abuses Mueller found by calling for impeachment while Democrats in charge of the inquiries such as Nadler and Rep. Adam B. Schiff (Calif.), chair of the House Intelligence Committee, say, as both did on Sunday, they’ll reserve judgment while they sift through the facts.' back

Eric L. Muller, The Roberts Court is Considering the Legal Reasoning of Jim Crow to Uphold a Rigged Census, ' Palmer v. Thompson was about a particular racist notion that surfaced in white people in the American South at the idea of being in the water with black people. As late as 1963, the city of Jackson, Mississippi, ran five public pools, all of them for whites only. A lawsuit led a federal judge to declare that black people had the constitutional right to unsegregated use of the city’s pools. Jackson’s political leaders responded not by integrating the pools but by closing them. It was a devilish move that packaged Jackson’s racism in neutral wrapping paper. Closing the pools wasn’t racist, the city argued; it applied equally to everyone. Nobody—black or white—would any longer be able to beat the heat of a Mississippi summer in a Jackson municipal swimming pool.' back

Feynman, Leighton & Sands FLP I:52, Symmetry in Physical Laws, 'First, what is symmetry? How can a physical law be “symmetrical”? The problem of defining symmetry is an interesting one and we have already noted that Weyl gave a good definition, the substance of which is that a thing is symmetrical if there is something we can do to it so that after we have done it, it looks the same as it did before. For example, a symmetrical vase is of such a kind that if we reflect or turn it, it will look the same as it did before. The question we wish to consider here is what we can do to physical phenomena, or to a physical situation in an experiment, and yet leave the result the same.' back

Feynman, Leighton & Sands FLP III:01, Chapter 1: Quantum Behaviour, 'The gradual accumulation of information about atomic and small-scale behavior during the first quarter of the 20th century, which gave some indications about how small things do behave, produced an increasing confusion which was finally resolved in 1926 and 1927 by Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and Born. They finally obtained a consistent description of the behavior of matter on a small scale. We take up the main features of that description in this chapter.' back

Globethics and World Council of Churches, Global Directory of Theological Education Insitutuions, 'The Global Directory of Theological Education Institutions lists more than 7'000 institutions of theological education (church based theological seminaries, Bible Schools, university departments of theology, faculties of religious studies).' back

Gothic architecture - Wikipedia, Gothic architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. . . . It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeal to the emotions. A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches.' back

Haroon Janjua, Polio Vaccinator is Shot and Killed in Pakistan, ' ISLAMABAD — Two gunmen on motorcycle shot and killed a polio vaccinator in the southwestern Pakistani city of Chaman on Thursday, bringing the death toll among vaccinators working in the country’s anti-polio drive to at least three this week, officials said. The shooters opened fire on a group of vaccinators when they were at the front gate of a house in the remote village of Sultan Zai, near the border with Afghanistan, said Samiullah Agha, who is the assistant commissioner of Chaman.' back

Jesse J. Prinz, Is Attention Necessary and Sufficient for Consciousness?, 'When we identify the neural mechanisms underlying intermediate-level perceptual processing, we have, in effect, located consciousness in the brain. One might think this is enough. If our goal is to find the NCCs, then we need look no further. Intermediate-level processing areas are well known in the brain, and we have overwhelming reason to think consciousness resides there.' back

Jon Schwartz, The bet hot take on the Mueller report of from 1796, ' The Mueller report is now (mostly) public. The lurid speculation from Democrats and chunks of the corporate media that President Donald Trump was somehow a Russian agent was false. But the report, and Mueller’s previous indictments, should persuade any reasonable person that the Russian government did indeed intervene in the 2016 election in support of Trump. The response from the U.S. political system to Russia’s meddling has been uniformly appalling, although in different ways from different factions. . . . Incredibly enough, Washington called this whole thing back in 1796 as he was leaving office as America’s first president. His Farewell Address, as it became known, was until the 20th century as celebrated as the Gettysburg Address is now. The Senate still reads it every year on Washington’s birthday.' back

Joseph Babcock, As corpses rot and the search for family memner's remains becomes more urgent, there is a special Vietnamese Office for Seeking Missing Persons but it helps find Americans, ' VIETNAM—Mai Huy Du was 17 when he volunteered for the People’s Army of Vietnam in 1970.. . . . Du is one of hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese soldiers still missing from the war with America. The Vietnamese government puts the number at 300,000, but the actual number of those whose bodies were buried in anonymous graves or never found and buried at all is widely believed to be closer to 500,000. Without a body to pray over and honor on certain days of the year, most Vietnamese believe that the soul of the dead wanders lost in the afterlife, stuck in a kind of purgatory.' back

Knaster-Tarski theorem - Wikipedia, Knaster-Tarski theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' In the mathematical areas of order and lattice theory, the Knaster–Tarski theorem, named after Bronisław Knaster and Alfred Tarski, states the following: Let L be a complete lattice and let f : L → L be an order-preserving function. Then the set of fixed points of f in L is also a complete lattice. It was Tarski who stated the result in its most general form, and so the theorem is often known as Tarski's fixed point theorem. Some time earlier, Knaster and Tarski established the result for the special case where L is the lattice of subsets of a set, the power set lattice. The theorem has important applications in formal semantics of programming languages and abstract interpretation. A kind of converse of this theorem was proved by Anne C. Davis: If every order preserving function f : L → L on a lattice L has a fixed point, then L is a complete lattice. ' back

Manhattan Night - Wikipedia, Manhattan Night - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Manhattan Night is a 2016 American crime thriller film written and directed by Brian DeCubellis. It is based on the 1996 novel Manhattan Nocturne by Colin Harrison. The film stars Adrien Brody, Yvonne Strahovski, Jennifer Beals, Campbell Scott, Linda Lavin and Steven Berkoff. The film was released on May 20, 2016, by Lionsgate Premiere. ' back

Manhattan Nocturne - Wikipedia, Manhattan Nocturne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Manhattan Nocturne is a crime novel by Colin Harrison set in Manhattan, first published in 1996. The novel was published in America in hardcover by Crown and remains in print by Picador in trade paperback. Fifteen foreign, paperback, and bookclub editions were published and the book was selected a New York Times Notable Book.' back

Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem - Wikipedia, Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In the field of digital signal processing, the sampling theorem is a fundamental bridge between continuous-time signals (often called "analog signals") and discrete-time signals (often called "digital signals"). It establishes a sufficient condition for a sample rate that permits a discrete sequence of samples to capture all the information from a continuous-time signal of finite bandwidth.' back

Paul Monk, Cancer, and the science of a very human war, ' How many people even noticed that, on October 1 last year, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for breakthrough discoveries in stimulating the human immune system to attack cancer cells? It took a century and the tenacity of a few pioneers to turn the human immune system against cancer. As recently as 2011, “most oncologists — most scientists — dismissed cancer immunology as a dead end, peopled by quacks and true believers” who confused hope with good science, Charles Graeber records in The Breakthrough: Immunotherapy and the Race to Cure Cancer (2019). But finally good science — exquisitely good science — yielded the breakthrough for which Allison and Honjo have just been recognised.' back

Phlip Almond, Friday essay: How Western attitudes towards Islam have changed, ' The fault line in modern religion doesn’t go to a clash between civilisations or even to a clash between religions so much as to a struggle within religions and within cultures, between theologies, ethics, political ideologies, ethnicities, exclusivism and inclusivism. It is a struggle between liberals and conservatives, fundamentalists and moderates, reason and revelation. It is a battle within theologies between a God who is thought to be knowable through nature, man and history and a God who is thought to be only knowable through the revelations contained in the inerrant pages of the Torah, the New Testament or the Quran. It is a struggle within all religions between those who believe there are “many paths to Heaven”, endorse freedom of religion, encourage tolerance and support mutual respect against those who believe there is only “one way to Paradise” and desire to impose this on everyone else, whatever it takes.' back

Reel Injun - Wikipedia,, Reel Injun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Reel Injun is a 2009 Canadian documentary film directed by Cree filmmaker Neil Diamond, Catherine Bainbridge, and Jeremiah Hayes that explores the portrayal of Native Americans in film. Reel Injun is illustrated with excerpts from classic and contemporary portrayals of Native people in Hollywood movies and interviews with filmmakers, actors and film historians, while director Diamond travels across the United States to visit iconic locations in motion picture as well as American Indian history.' back

Sacred tradition - Wikipedia, Sacred tradition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Sacred tradition or holy tradition is a theological term used in some Christian traditions, primarily in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox traditions, to refer to the fundamental basis of church authority. . . . The term "deposit of faith" refers to the entirety of Jesus Christ's revelation, and is passed to successive generations in two different forms, sacred scripture (the Bible) and sacred tradition (apostolic succession).' back

Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation - Dei Verbum, 'The Second Vatican Council taught on tradition, scripture, and magisterium in Dei Verbum, n. 10: Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture form one sacred deposit of the word of God, committed to the Church. Holding fast to this deposit the entire holy people united with their shepherds remain always steadfast in the teaching of the Apostles, in the common life, in the breaking of the bread and in prayers (see Acts 2, 42, Greek text), so that holding to, practicing and professing the heritage of the faith, it becomes on the part of the bishops and faithful a single common effort. But the task of authentically interpreting the word of God, whether written or handed on, has been entrusted exclusively to the living teaching office of the Church, whose authority is exercised in the name of Jesus Christ. This teaching office is not above the word of God, but serves it, teaching only what has been handed on, listening to it devoutly, guarding it scrupulously and explaining it faithfully in accord with a divine commission and with the help of the Holy Spirit, it draws from this one deposit of faith everything which it presents for belief as divinely revealed. It is clear, therefore, that Sacred Tradition, Sacred Scripture and the teaching authority of the Church, in accord with God's most wise design, are so linked and joined together that one cannot stand without the others, and that all together and each in its own way under the action of the one Holy Spirit contribute effectively to the salvation of souls.' back

Tad Delay, taddelay | ABOUT, 'Tad DeLay is a PhD student (philosophy of religion and theology) at Claremont Graduate University. He holds an MA in Theology and Biblical Studies from Fuller Theological Seminary and a BA in psychology. He aspires to be a public scholar, professor, speaker, author, activist, and cigar connoisseur. Specialities: Continental philosophy, theology and Biblical studies, psychology & psychoanalytic theory, political & economic theory back

Tantra - Wikipedia, Tantra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Tantra is the name scholars give to a style of religious ritual and meditation that arose in medieval India no later than the fifth century CE.[1] The earliest documented use of the word Tantra is in the Hindu text, the Rigveda (X.71.9). Tantra has influenced the Hindu, Sikh, Bön, Buddhist, and Jain religious traditions and spread with Buddhism to East Asia and Southeast Asia. . . . Modern scholars have also provided definitions of Tantra. David Gordon White of the University of California offers the following: Tantra is that Asian body of beliefs and practices which, working from the principle that the universe we experience is nothing other than the concrete manifestation of the divine energy of the godhead that creates and maintains that universe, seeks to ritually appropriate and channel that energy, within the human microcosm, in creative and emancipatory ways' back

Tithe - Wikipedia, Tithe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'A tithe (. . . from Old English: teogoþa "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government.[1] Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash, cheques, or stocks, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural products. Several European countries operate a formal process linked to the tax system allowing some churches to assess tithes.' back

Yves Simoneau, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, ' In the 1880s, after the U. S. Army's defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the government continues to push Sioux Indians off their land. In Washington, D.C., Senator Henry Dawes (Aidan Quinn) introduces legislation to protect Native Americans rights. In South Dakota, schoolteacher Elaine Goodale (Anna Paquin) joins Sioux native and Western-educated Dr. Charles Eastman in working with tribe members. Meanwhile, Lakota Chief Sitting Bull refuses to give into mounting government pressures.' back

Zero-energy universe - Wikipedia, Zero-energy universe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The zero-energy universe hypothesis proposes that the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero: its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly canceled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity. . . . The zero-energy universe theory originated in 1973, when Edward Tryon proposed in the journal Nature that the universe emerged from a large-scale quantum fluctuation of vacuum energy, resulting in its positive mass-energy being exactly balanced by its negative gravitational potential energy.' back