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Notes

Sunday 12 December 2021 - Saturday 18 December 2021

[Notebook: DB 87: Cognitive Cosmology]

[page 128]

Sunday 12 December 2021

Hopefully the widespread promotion of fake news and conspiracy theories will provoke the more evidence based facet of society to devote more critical energy to promoting the truth and swing the pendulum of all aspects of social belief, including religion, back toward science. The basic argument for the scientific position is that reality rules, and it would be a good idea for me to register realityrules.net and get it going - replace action rules.

My old projects are getting a bit boring, and I am not motivated to work on them. One job is to get theologyco.com going and establish a corporate presence on the net preliminary to getting some angel investment which will require a business plan and activity capable of bringing in some money. I am reluctant to preach personally on the web but it must be done eventually or else all my work is in vain.

Monday 13 December 2021

My internet presence has grown into a bit of shambles, 11 sites, some not even started, none complete, all works in progress, all looking at my elephant from different directions. Given the 20 years I have given myself to complete the job I hope they will eventually become a coherent whole which will serve as a virus to infect the human world with a map of the path to peace and prosperity on Earth based on the idea that we are all free, independent agents, modelled on fermions, understanding our meaning through a scale invariant model of the divine universe of which we are part. Jeffrey Nicholls.net

[insert from page 130, text from phone]

I presume this is how the old monks worked: they said I am going to sit here until I see god. I have seen god and I saw them about fifty years ago. So, given my short attention span, I am going to sit in this park for five minutes until I see something.

[page 131]

What I want to see is a homeomorphism between a quantum system and a brain, differing only in scale and complexity. No use. I have seen that already too. I know too much. So I want to see something I haven't seen before. Homeomorphism - Wikipedia

What I really want is a clear story about the [quantum mechanical] creation of space and gravitation. I feel that I am close to one but no one will believe me. Go home and read Feynman and also God's biography. Feynman (2002): Feynman Lectures on Gravitation, Jack Miles (1996); God: A Biography

Tuesday 14 December 2021

How are we to understand gravitons interacting with matter? We say gravitons are spin 2 represented by a 4 x 4 matrix with ten independent fields.How does this interact with energy represented by a stress energy tensor? Every atom and every massless particle must couple to gravitons. What does this mean in quantum mechanical practice? Graviton - Wikipedia, Stress-energy tensor - Wikipedia

And all this is going on at the simplest level of structure, presumably by some sort of mathematical multiplication, many dimensional but with scalars multiplying by scalars and adding to one another within the dimensions, just as we multiply matrices. Physics avoids a lot of practical points by being exceedingly abstract, but maybe the simplicity of the [primordial] universe is equivalent to abstraction. Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia

[end insert]

Wednesday 15 December 2021

Jada Yuan: Discovering Dr. Wu

Like modern physics in general, my essay on cognitive cosmology has run aground on gravitation. Einstein's greatest triumph served as the foundation for an enormous amount of information which has revealed to us the true magnificence of the universe we inhabit. On the other hand, every attempt to incorporate gravitation into quantum physics has failed and these failures have led to more and more outlandish attempts to develop a theory of everything that can encompass gravitation. [This] has reached its high point in string theory. The only weak spots here are that there is no evidence for string theory, it is at best a mathematical dream, and the quantum field theory from which it has developed is radically contradicted by the cosmological constant problem. The foundational structure of quantum field theory, the vacuum, leads to estimates of the energy of the universe 100 orders of magnitude away from measured observation. Michio Kaku (1998): Introduction to Superstrings and M-Theory, Vacuum - Wikipedia, Cosmological constant problem - Wikipedia

The answer that appeals most to me is that the general theory if a measure of the 'ignorance' of the initial singularity. This is because all information and communication is digital, as shown by Shannon's theory of communication, Turing's theory of computation and Gödel's theory of logic. Therefore, insofar as gravitation is described by continuous functions it carries no information and is therefore a consequence of the primordial simplicity of the universe. It is, in other words, a perfect description a system of zero entropy which is subsequently populated by quantum theory, describing the quantum of action which underlies all communication and the magnificent complexity of the universe which has grown within the gravitational shell, made possible by the notion of general covariance that all Gaussian cooordinate systems are equivalent for the description of physical 'law'. [This] is therefore no law [because the observation and implementation of law, which require duality, are impossible at the fundamental level of singularity

The following statement corresponds to the fundamental idea of the general principle of relativity: "All Gaussian coordinate systems are essentially equivalent for the formulation of the general laws of nature."]. Albert Einstein (2005): Relativity: The Special and General Theory, page 123

[page 130]

I cannot understand the technicalities of quantum field theory so I have to develop my critique of them from a distance looking at the overall picture rather than the details. We are looking to create the universe inside the initial singularity as god created the Trinity inside itself. At the initial epoch we consider the 'inside' of the singularity as a continuum to be described by a differential manifold. The fixed points [of the manifold] are the child quanta of action which multiply to form a Hilbert [space] whose interactions are described in the first instance by hermitean linear operators which preserve unitarity so that quantum observations act as though they are being emitted by a normalized communication source [which is serial, emitting just one symbol at a time]. The quantum behaviour described by Hilbert space couples to a classical Minkowski space through the operation of interpreting the absolute square of a complex amplitude as the probability of observing a particle in classical space. The computation of amplitudes in Hilbert space defines the underlying quantum behaviour that leads to the nature of the particles observed and their probabilities of appearing in classical space.

Why am I not more enthusiastic? What makes me excited? An interested audience. I probably want one but they are hard to find. I must put myself out or perform, but although I feel that I have preachable ideas they are not yet exciting enough to go to market. This requires work on theologyco.com, so it is interesting that I have turned back to that after ignroing it since 2008. What happened to me then? Mum and Dad began to go downhill, 89 years old. Intimations of mortality. Ode: Intimations of Immortality - Wikipedia

[insert from page 131, text from phone]

Now we have to extract a theory of gravitation from cognitive cosmology. An easy step is to assume quantum mechanics is computational and we understand this comes in terms of amplitudes in Hilbert space which are then turned into probabilities in Minkowski space. The amplitude of what actually happens must be 1 at the moment of happening, a tautology: the probability of what actually happens is 1. Probability amplitude - Wikipedia

[end insert]

Thursday 16 December 2021

[page 132]

More vacuum in the head following the Pseudo-Dionysian idea that we know god by thinking of nothing. All great ideas arise from empty minds whose classical mathematical expression is general covariance, the mystical foundation of general relativity. General covariance - Wikipedia

Another expression of this is gauge theory, ie that symmetries remain even after they are broken by use: ie letters are the same even though they have been newly arranged to make sentences or bricks to make a house or atoms to make a person. The bricks and the letters need mortar and paper to hole their ordering, whereas fundamental particles have the glue built in as part of their sticky nature [ie fermions are glued together by bosons].

We can express the trajectories of the roulette wheel and the ball by complex [serial] wave functions and suppose them to find a point where the absolute square of their sum is 1 at the slot in which the ball stops.

We can imagine the first few moments of Riemann's conception of the differential manifold as a simple [dynamic] psychological state which nevertheless contained in embryo Einstein gravitation, and the universe begins with the same mental state. The beautiful moon floating in inertial motion. All paths in Minkowski space are geodesics. Bernhard Riemann - Wikipedia

The stickiness of particles, like the fluid connection of musical notes, resides in the continuous modulated amplitudes of the wave functions which are cut into digital pieces when they appear as fixed eigenvalues in spacetime.

So I have a head full of balls and roulette wheels and every now and then things click into place. The work lies in squeezing the juice out of these little clues that pop up every now and then creating the space of mind. Presumably the creative system is an optimal balance between logic and fantasy which we somehow discover by varying carefully (intuitively) chosen Lagangians.

[page 133]

Friday 17 December 2021

Ultimately I have no choice but to follow my personal genius which is the shape induced in me as a particle moving and absorbing input from the life I have led so far. Much of this input is subconscious and so out of my conscious control but since I am a conscious entity like every particle, I can reflect on what I find in myself just as I reflect on phenomena outside myself. Here I find some explanation of why I entered and left a Catholic religious order, an extremist organization, at the beginning of my adult career and the initiation into theological thought that I received there, a glimpse of thirteenth century intellectual culture which still abounds in the Christian world despite the rise of science.

Spider-Man: No Way Home Lots of noise, violence and confusion and touched all the bases from magic to multiverse, aliens, and everybody except the leading woman has superpowers of one sort or another. The fans seemed to love it however, given a vaguely connected fiction in a well known Marvel universe. Makes me think of the fantasies of the Catholic Church in comparison to Japanese Fairy Tales and the modern genre of a superhero fantasy world and the appropriate role of trade and science keeping us on the relatively straight and narrow. Spider-Man: No Way Home - Wikipedia, Marvel Cinematic Universe - Wikipedia

Saturday 18 December 2021

Awoke with a familiar feeling of despair, perhaps because today is slated to edit cognitive cosmology section 17 on gravitation, which has been the down fall of modern physics, unable to bring it into the standard model. Einstein succeeded, but after much effort, recorded in his [Glassgow] talk: the years of anxious searching in the dark, with their intense longing, their alternations of confidence and exhaustion, and final emergence into light—only those who have experienced it can understand that. I first discussed this quote in my essay on the divinity of money

[page 134]

when I proposed a 'Hilbert Oscillator' to explain the human creative process and I can now incorporate [it] into my understanding of the intelligent universe in the process of creating itself in a way that parallels Einstein's discovery of the field equations of gravitation. Jeffrey Nicholls (1992): An essay on the divinity of money

I will apply this concept of the Hilbert space as generated by the initial singularity and propose it as an answer to introducing a possible explanation of the relationship between gravitation and quantum mechanics in the primordial stages of the emergence of the universe within god (Nicholls 1992). Despair is gone, hope prevails and I am back in the space where reality rules.

The success of the modern superhero concept provides a deep explanation of the role of religion in generating hope in the human community by postulating benevolent (and malevolent) super-beings like Yahweh, Satan and Jesus who are in control of our fate and whom we must take into account in our search for peace and happiness.

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Further reading

Books

Einstein (2005), Albert, and Robert W Lawson (translator) Roger Penrose (Introduction), Robert Geroch (Commentary), David C Cassidy (Historical Essay), Relativity: The Special and General Theory, Pi Press 1916, 2005 Preface: 'The present book is intended, as far as possible, to give an exact insight into the theory of relativity to those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics. ... The author has spared himself no pains in his endeavour to present the main ideas in the simplest and most intelligible form, and on the whole, in the sequence and connection in which they actually originated.' page 3  
Amazon
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Feynman (2002), Richard, Feynman Lectures on Gravitation, Westview Press 2002 Amazon Editorial Reviews Book Description 'The Feynman Lectures on Gravitation are based on notes prepared during a course on gravitational physics that Richard Feynman taught at Caltech during the 1962-63 academic year. For several years prior to these lectures, Feynman thought long and hard about the fundamental problems in gravitational physics, yet he published very little. . . .. Characteristically, Feynman took an untraditional non-geometric approach to gravitation and general relativity based on the underlying quantum aspects of gravity. Hence, these lectures contain a unique pedagogical account of the development of Einstein's general theory of relativity as the inevitable result of the demand for a self-consistent theory of a massless spin-2 field (the graviton) coupled to the energy-momentum tensor of matter. This approach also demonstrates the intimate and fundamental connection between gauge invariance and the principle of equivalence.' 
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Joyce, James, and (Edited by Hans Walter Gabler with Wolfhard Steppe and Claus Melchior and with a new preface by Richard Ellmann, Ulysses: The Corrected Text, The Bodley Head 1986 Preface: ',,, For the purposes of interpretation, the most significant of the many small changes in [this] text has to do with the question Stephen puts to his mother at the climax of the brothel scene, itself the climax of the novel. Stephen is appalled by his mother's ghost, but like Ulysses he seeks information from her. His mother says, 'You sang that song to me. Love's bitter mystery.' Stephen responds 'eagerly.' as the stage direction sasy, 'Tell me the word, mother, if you know now. The word known to all men.' She fails to provide it. This passage has been much interpreted. ... Professor Gabler has been able to settle this matter by recovering a passage left out of the scene in the National Library. ... the omission of several lines - the longest omissionin the book. These lines read in the manuscript "Do you know what you are talking about? Love, yes. Word known to all men. ... '' page xii back

Kaku (1998), Michio, Introduction to Superstrings and M-Theory (Graduate Texts in Contemporary Physics), Springer 1998 ' Called by some "the theory of everything," superstrings may solve a problem which has eluded physicists for the past 50 years -- the final unification of the two great theories of the twentieth century, general relativity and quantum field theory. This is a course-tested comprehensive introductory graduate text on superstrings which stresses the most current areas of interest, not covered in other presentation, including: string field theory, multi loops, Teichmueller spaces, conformal field theory, and four-dimensional strings. The book begins with a simple discussion of point particle theory, and uses the Feynman path integral technique to unify the presentation of superstrings. Prerequisites are an aquaintance with quantum mechanics and relativity. This second edition has been revised and updated throughout.' 
Amazon
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Lonergan, Bernard J F, Insight: A Study of Human Understanding (Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan : Volume 3), University of Toronto Press 1992 '. . . Bernard Lonergan's masterwork. Its aim is nothing less than insight into insight itself, an understanding of understanding' 
Amazon
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Miles (1996), Jack, God: A Biography, Vintage Books 1996 Jacket: 'Jack Miles's remarkable work examines the hero of the Old Testament . . . from his first appearance as Creator to his last as Ancient of Days. . . . We see God torn by conflicting urges. To his own sorrow, he is by turns destructive and creative, vain and modest, subtle and naive, ruthless and tender, lawful and lawless, powerful yet powerless, omniscient and blind.' 
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O'Murchu, Diarmuid, Quantum Theology : Spiritual Implications of the New Physics, Crossroad Publishing Company 1997 Jacket: 'For quantum theorists, the fact that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts underpins all reality. "This is not merely a scientific principle of immense significance for our times" writes DO'M, "it is also a theological norm, known to mystics for centuries and now maturing into the supreme wisdom of our age."' 
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Thiering, Barbara, Jesus of the Apocalypse: The life of Jesus after the crucifixion, Doubleday 1996 Introduction: 'It is now possible to show that ... the bizarre images of the [Book of Revelation] were deliberately constructed ... to read like fantastic images but to convey through this form actual historical information. ... Above all the Book of Revelation contains evidence, supplied by the early Christians themselves, that Jesus survived the crucifixion and remained active for many years afterwards. ... " vi 
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Links

Albert Einstein, Years of searching . . . , 'In light of knowledge obtained, the happy achievement seems almost a matter of course, and any intelligent student can grasp it without too much trouble. But the years of anxious searching in the dark, with their intense longing, their alternations of confidence and exhaustion, and final emergence into light—only those who have experienced it can understand that. "Notes on the Origin of the General Theory of Relativity" (1934) Mein Weltbild, in Ideas and Opinions (1954) ed., Carl Seelig. back

Amanda J. Crawford, How conspiracy theories in the US became more personal, more cruel and more mainstream after the Sandy Hook shootings, ' Conspiracy theories are powerful forces in the U.S. They have damaged public health amid a global pandemic, shaken faith in the democratic process and helped spark a violent assault on the U.S. Capitol in January 2021. These conspiracy theories are part of a dangerous misinformation crisis that has been building for years in the U.S. American politics has long had a paranoid streak, and belief in conspiracy theories is nothing new. But as the news cycle reminds us daily, outlandish conspiracy theories born on social media now regularly achieve mainstream acceptance and are echoed by people in power.' back

Bernhard Riemann - Wikipedia, Bernhard Riemann - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was an influential German mathematician who made lasting and revolutionary contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry'. back

Cosmological constant problem - Wikipedia, Cosmological constant problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the disagreement between measured values of the vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant) and the zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory. Depending on the assumptions, the discrepancy ranges from 40 to more than 100 orders of magnitude, a state of affairs described by Hobson et al. (2006) as "the worst theoretical prediction in the history of physics." ' back

De Interpretatione - Wikipedia, De Interpretatione - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'De Interpretatione or On Interpretation (Greek: Περὶ Ἑρμηνείας, Peri Hermeneias) is the second text from Aristotle's Organon and is among the earliest surviving philosophical works in the Western tradition to deal with the relationship between language and logic in a comprehensive, explicit, and formal way. The work is usually known by its Latin title.' back

drupal.org, Drupal - Open Source CMS, 'Come for the software, stay for the community Drupal is an open source content management platform powering millions of websites and applications. It’s built, used, and supported by an active and diverse community of people around the world.' back

Eva Dou, Documents link Huawei to China’s surveillance programs, ' A review by The Washington Post of more than 100 Huawei PowerPoint presentations, many marked “confidential,” suggests that the company has had a broader role in tracking China’s populace than it has acknowledged. These marketing presentations, posted to a public-facing Huawei website before the company removed them late last year, show Huawei pitching how its technologies can help government authorities identify individuals by voice, monitor political individuals of interest, manage ideological reeducation and labor schedules for prisoners, and help retailers track shoppers using facial recognition. “Huawei has no knowledge of the projects mentioned in the Washington Post report,” the company said in a statement, after The Post shared some of the slides with Huawei representatives to seek comment.' back

General covariance - Wikipedia, General covariance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, In theoretical physics, general covariance (also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance) is the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations. The essential idea is that coordinates do not exist a priori in nature, but are only artifices used in describing nature, and hence should play no role in the formulation of fundamental physical laws.' back

Graviton - Wikipedia, Graviton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical quantum of gravity, an elementary particle that mediates the force of gravity. There is no complete quantum field theory of gravitons due to an outstanding mathematical problem with renormalization in general relativity. . . . If it exists, the graviton is expected to be massless because the gravitational force is very long range and appears to propagate at the speed of light. The graviton must be a spin-2 boson because the source of gravitation is the stress–energy tensor, a second-order tensor (compared with electromagnetism's spin-1 photon, the source of which is the four-current, a first-order tensor).' back

Holly Else, What Sci-Hub’s latest court battle means for research, ' Sci-Hub, the popular website that offers access to millions of pirated research papers and books, is no stranger to legal action. But, for the first time, the site is defending its operations in court, in a copyright case filed in India by a group of major publishers. In a lawsuit presented in Delhi’s high court, the American Chemical Society, Elsevier and Wiley say that the site infringes their copyright, and ask the court to instruct Internet service providers in India to block access to it. Sci-Hub’s founder Alexandra Elbakyan argues that, in India, copyright is “not applicable in cases such as Sci-Hub, when [material] is required for science and education”.' back

Homeomorphism - Wikipedia, Homeomorphism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In the mathematical field of topology, a homeomorphism or topological isomorphism (from the Greek words (homoios) = similar and (morph) = shape = form (. . . ) is a bicontinuous function between two topological spaces. Homeomorphisms are the isomorphisms in the category of topological spaces — that is, they are the mappings which preserve all the topological properties of a given space. Two spaces with a homeomorphism between them are called homeomorphic, and from a topological viewpoint they are the same.' back

Jada Yuan, Discovering Dr. Wu, ' The world reveres Chien-Shiung Wu as a groundbreaking nuclear physicist who made a startling find 65 years ago. But to me, she was Grandma — and I long to know more about her private universe.' back

Jeffrey Nicholls (1992), An essay on the divinity of money , ' The rise of science questioned revelation and the churches as sources of truth, but they have remained in existence because science still lacks the power to ask or answer the fundamental questions of life and death that concern theology. Here I outline a new scientific theology whose model of god derives not from ancient text but from the mathematical theory of text and communication itself. I propose that this model describes the universe of our experience, which is therefore fittingly called god. I then interpret this model using elements of current physical theory. These ideas are then applied to money. The movement of money is an abstract representation of the the activity of society as a whole, just as the flow of momentum in space-time is an abstract representation of the physical universe. My hypothesis is that proper understanding and political control of public cashflows is necessary and sufficient to obtain peaceful civilisation.' back

Mansur Mirovalev, What’s behind the conflict between Russia and Ukraine?, ' So, what is at the heart of the conflict that has been going on for more than seven years? What is now Ukraine, Russia and neighbouring Belarus were born on the banks of the Dnieper River, almost 1,200 years ago in Kievan Rus, a medieval superpower that included a huge chunk of Eastern Europe. But Russians and Ukrainians parted ways linguistically, historically and, most importantly, politically. Putin has, however, claimed repeatedly that Russians and Ukrainians are “one people”, part of the “Russian civilisation” that also includes neighbouring Belarus. Ukrainians reject his claims.' back

Marvel Cinematic Universe - Wikipedia, Marvel Cinematic Universe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe centered on a series of superhero films produced by Marvel Studios. The films are based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The franchise also includes television series, short films, digital series, and literature. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters. ' back

Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia, Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array—of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns—that is treated in certain prescribed ways. . . Without further specifications, matrices represent linear maps, and allow explicit computations in linear algebra. Therefore, the study of matrices is a large part of linear algebra, and most properties and operations of abstract linear algebra can be expressed in terms of matrices. For example, matrix multiplication represents composition of linear maps.' back

Ode: Intimations of Immortality - Wikipedia, Ode: Intimations of Immortality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,
The earth, and every common sight,
To me did seem
Apparelled in celestial light,
The glory and the freshness of a dream.
It is not now as it hath been of yore;—
Turn wheresoe'er I may,
By night or day,
The things which I have seen I now can see no more. . . .
back

On Interpretation by Aristotle, Internet Classics Archive, 'Part 1 First we must define the terms 'noun' and 'verb', then the terms 'denial' and 'affirmation', then 'proposition' and 'sentence.' Spoken words are the symbols of mental experience and written words are the symbols of spoken words. Just as all men have not the same writing, so all men have not the same speech sounds, but the mental experiences, which these directly symbolize, are the same for all, as also are those things of which our experiences are the images. This matter has, however, been discussed in my treatise about the soul, for it belongs to an investigation distinct from that which lies before us.' back

Paul E Marek et al, The first true millipede—1306 legs long , ' The name “millipede” translates to a thousand feet (from mille “thousand” and pes “foot”). However, no millipede has ever been described with more than 750 legs. We discovered a new record-setting species of millipede with 1,306 legs, Eumillipes persephone, from Western Australia. This diminutive animal (0.95 mm wide, 95.7 mm long) has 330 segments, a cone-shaped head with enormous antennae, and a beak for feeding. A distant relative of the previous record holder, Illacme plenipes from California, it belongs to a different order, the Polyzoniida. back

Probability amplitude - Wikipedia, Probability amplitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.' back

Ross Gittins, Faithful few attend the economic church, 'If the nation's economists are right in assuming almost all of us share their belief that the pursuit of an eternally rising material standard of living must be a key goal of government, they're left with a puzzle: why then is there so little support for further micro-economic reform?' back

Sci-Hub, https://sci-hub.mksa.top/, About: 'Sci-Hub the first pirate website in the world to provide mass and public access to tens of millions of research papers A research paper is a special publication written by scientists to be read by other researchers. Papers are primary sources neccessary for research – for example, they contain detailed description of new results and experiments. papers in Sci-Hub library: more than 84,794,279 At this time the widest possible distribution of research papers, as well as of other scientific or educational sources, is artificially restricted by copyright laws. Such laws effectively slow down the development of science in human society. The Sci-Hub project, running from 5th September 2011, is challenging the status quo. At the moment, Sci-Hub provides access to hundreds of thousands research papers every day, effectively bypassing any paywalls and restrictions.' back

Spider-Man: No Way Home - Wikipedia, Spider-Man: No Way Home - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Spider-Man: No Way Home is a 2021 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. It is the sequel to Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), and is the 27th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film is directed by Jon Watts, written by Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers, and stars Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man alongside Zendaya, Benedict Cumberbatch, Jacob Batalon, Jon Favreau, Jamie Foxx, Willem Dafoe, Alfred Molina, Benedict Wong, Tony Revolori, Marisa Tomei, Andrew Garfield, and Tobey Maguire.' back

Stress-energy tensor - Wikipedia, Stress-energy tensor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The stress-energy tensor (sometimes stress-energy-momentum tensor) is a tensor quantity in physics that describes the density and flux of energy and momentum in spacetime, generalizing the stress tensor of Newtonian physics. It is an attribute of matter, radiation, and non-gravitational force fields. The stress-energy tensor is the source of the gravitational field in the Einstein field equations of general relativity, just as mass is the source of such a field in Newtonian gravity.' back

Vacuum - Wikipedia, Vacuum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'According to modern understanding, even if all matter could be removed from a volume, it would still not be "empty" due to vacuum fluctuations, dark energy, transiting gamma rays, cosmic rays, neutrinos, and other phenomena in quantum physics. In the electromagnetism in the 19th century, vacuum was thought to be filled with a medium called aether. In modern particle physics, the vacuum state is considered the ground state of matter.' back

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