natural theology

We have just published a new website that summarizes the ideas of this site. Available at Cognitive Cosmology.com.

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Notes

Sunday 12 February 2023 - Saturday 18 February

[Notebook: DB 88 Salvation]

[page 278]

Sunday 12 February 2023

A long week of near silence which has given me more confidence in my subconscious gatekeeper which has had the effect of stopping progress and demanding a major revision of cc19_memory which represents the first serious discussion of the reality and role of spacetime in the world we actually experience. Now I can see some relationship between the emergence of spacetime, phase, energy, momentum, 3D space, boons and fermions which appear to have emerged all of a piece. The Minkowski metric provides the geometric foundation for the maintenance of contact communication across spatial distance by massless particles travelling at c and this geometry is linked to the bifurcation of phase into spacetime and the relationship of [superpositions of] phase to fermions and bosons and the creation of massive particles with internal process by 'kinematic tautology' otherwise known as closed self sustaining loops (orbits, groups) rather like Eccles neural network explanation of the images of imagination [and perhaps the first manifestation of particles being created "in the image of god", ie elements of the universe with internal process as the universe itself has internal process]. So now I am back on the road to plausibility and hopefully finish the revision of the cognitive cosmology site, the compression of it into an essay, the compression of the essay into an annotated table of contents and an abstract of the whole show to submit to Rovelli and others. John C. Eccles (1958): Innovation in Science: The Physiology of Imagination

[page 279]

Particles in spacetime carry energy and momentum and have Hilbert spaces associated with them and when these particles interact the distances between these Hilbert spaces are computed to produce the probabilities that will be the real output of the Born rule. These Hilbert spaces are linked to the relevant 4 vectors in Minkowski space,

The Dirac equation is the only valid equation in Minkowski space. The non-relativistic equation (Schrödnger ) is an approximation. Dirac gives exact results for hydrogen.

Spacetime is the operating system for Hilbert space. Every move we make [in our Minkowski space] is input to the Hilbert world to get a result in Minkowski space.

Why does all this happen? The role of proof (= computation) is to bring things into existence like in mathematic where variations lead to ideas and hypotheses which we make concrete wth proofs (eg Pythagoras) to establish 'kinetic tautologies'.

What we are looking for is a story which is in tune wth physics and seeks sufficient internal consistency to produce conjectures with a prospect of replacing some of the Rovellis and Kakus of this world.

Cognitive cosmology is in effect a critique of theology and physics.

[page 280]

Eliot: Hollis page 266: 'When a work of art no longer terrifies us, he said, then what he called "attractive terror" has been diminished, then either our senses have been dulled or we were mistaken in our original reading.' Matthew Hollis (2022): The Waste Land: A Biography of a Poem

Monday 13 February 2023

A dose of morning despair, the first since Christmas, I think. Partly by the landlady killing herself with alcohol and fear of losing my accommodation. So what are the chances of cognitive cosmology revolutionizing theology and physics by bringing them into conformity with one another? If the hypothesis that the universe is divine is correct, the conformity must exist as fact.

What I am trying to do is replace a fictitious omnipotent and omniscient creator who made the universe according to a preordained plan and manages it from moment to moment in detail. This is the Roman Catholic view enforced with much torture and bloodshed over a couple of thousand years and enormous expenditure of human effort. The Catholic Church purports to know why the god did this and uses this fiction to control the population and to market and support itself.

Th alternative appears to offer some difficuties but appears to be the reality.

[page 281]

1.We assume that the Universe is divine and plays all the roles of the traditional God.

2. All the evidence points ot he fact that the Univere began as a structureless initial singularity with zero entropy and no capacity for a divine plan to create the world other than it is a being and exercises the properties of being [ie actions].

3. Since nothing comes from nothing, the singularity must be eternal since it existed [like the traditional God] before time began.

4. The Universe that we observe is a vast and complex structure that has originated from the initial singularity. The hypothesis is that the singularity is pure undifferentiated action as understood by Aristotle and Aquinas.

5. The universe has evolved from this source by variation and selection from the undifferentiated action of the source and selection by consistency which leads to permanent structures.

6. What could be wrong about this scenario?

Verrender: one task for lust for life is to develop a new social

[page 282]

economic algorithm based on the cosmic algorithms that control the physical world, ie conservation of energy and increase of entropy which means in effect less energy per unit of information. Ian Verrender: Why the Reserve Bank is pushing us towards a recession that we don't need to have

I am panicking a bit trying to get cognitive cosmology into the mainstream but realize that at least I have got it out there in rudimentary form and the main thing is to take the time to get it right. I am somewhat inspired by Hollis's account of all the work it took Eliot to write the Wasteland and the influence writing has on human society. One effect of this is to let me be a bit more poetic about expressing cognitive cosmology. In 1982-3 I named my notebooks Poesis I and Poesis II which I hope to transcribe onto the net to find out how I was feeling 40 years ago.

Now I am happy and relaxed again, aware that because of my youth I still have 20+ years to make my point.

The next slogan: Being is action / action is being. Being is both static and dynamic, like Hilbert space a fixed axiomatic structure that describes motion [by what it does not say, although complex numbers are naturally open to circular motion which many have thought to be the best sort]..

A fundamental political problem lies at the interface between politics and money, something we have known for a long time. Michael Kranish: After helping prince’s rise, Trump and Kushner benefit from Saudi funds

[page 283]

The promise of what is to come.

Hollis page 312: Eliot: 'The first voice is the poet talking to hmself - or to nobody' as the Father spoke to himself and the result was the Son. To be is to act and to act is in the first instance to act ipon oneself (Hilbert) producinsg something real (Minkowski).

page 326: Eliot: 'A piece of writing, meditated apparently without progress for months or years may suddenly take shape and word; and in this state long passages may be produced which require little or no retouch,' . . . 'You may call this communication with the Divine or you may call it temporary crystallization of the mind.'

I am trying to be a prepared mind fitting together the dstails of spacetime, electromagnetism, energy, momentum, action 3D space and all these things which seem to happen at once in the page on memory [cognitive cosmology page 20]. I hope I can conform the evolution of my mind to the evolution of the Universe at this point.

Hilbert space has no fixed dimension and its dimensions are independent of Minkowski space and target only the orthogonality of bases. The creation of massless particles is closely associated with the quantum creation of spacetime and 2D (1 + 1) is sufficient for this. We only need 1 + 3D to accommodate fermions, so that will be the next thing. The Schrödinger equation is good in Hilbert space, the Dirac equation belongs to

[page 283]

Minkowski and brings us to the end of cc19_memory after we introduce the boson-fermion network atom. Then we go to fixed points for a while [now revised cc19_fixed points, cc20_memory].

What was it? Short term memory is like a resonant particle, no lifetime.

Still, what was it? People said good evening as I walked by and I forgot. Now to reproduce the train of thought which was about entropy and the entropy of gravitation and the electromagnetic properties of spacetime which must be included somewhere in the birth of Minkowski space [and] in some way related to the Hilbert space creation of photons, null geodesics, spacetime and electrons. Bang head against the pillow for a while and see what emerges. There is no hurry, Universe took 14 billion years to make [itself] and I still have 20 years to understand it and I do feel that sometimes I am making progress. Also antiparticles and zero sum complexification. Invention of anti-matter introduced another bit of complexity, maybe as Feynman and Wheeler think reversal of time. Read Feynman and Weinberg's little book. Richard Feynman & Steven Weinberg (1986): Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics: The 1986 Dirac Memorial Lectures

Fixed points and entropy [weighed count of physical entities].

Tuesday 14 February 2023

Formal vs real: Energy in the classical world is the ability to do work, to move a force through a distance, E = F.s. In the formal Hilbert world energy is the rate of communication

in acts (≈ bits) per second, E - hf. We express the formal world wth complex numbers, giving it algebraic closure. We express the classical world with real numbers [or better, rational numbers]. Why is this? Why is Pythagoras' theorem true? It is a special feature of 3 space which I think about every time I walk along a diagonal rather than round two sides. Why is the diagonal shorter? [the two sides are a fictitious distance created by town planners, builders etc, path dependence]. Maybe this just is, but it seems to be a radical property of space which may demand an explanation rather as I have stumbled on the peculiar nature of Minkowski space.

Kevin Brown: Dirac equation. The task must be to link the Dirac equation to the quantum creation of Minkowski space. A project to answer a few days of stagnation, but can I 'pull it off'. Sometime I think my insight into the quantum creation of Minkowski space is on a par with Dirac's application of the gamma matrices to make sense of the square root of Schrödinger's [4]momentum operator. Kevin Brown: The Dirac Equation (Mathpages)

My hope for separating Hilbert and Minkowski was to introduce a new degree of freedom to simplify quantum field theory. I now have to fit the Dirac equation into the picture by thinking about the gamma matrices [and Clifford algebra]. Clifford algebra - Wikipedia

Wednesday 15 February 2023

The special feature of my approach is that I explain he existence of spacetime and memory from

[page 286]

principles of quantum mechanics rather than just assuming the existence of the univere and all that is in it as observed, and providing a superficial and erroneous description because the interface between quantum mechanics and spacetime is misunderstood. The root of my explanation is that the universe is divine, pure action quantum mechanical, a consequence of von Neumann's axioms of [abstract] Hilbert space. Think on this every time you wake up in despair and keep rattling the pieces of the jigsaw until they take a shape that fits together to make myself. Even if everything in cognitive cosmology is wrong the fundamental priciple is right (I think, therefore I am right!!). As have thought for 60 years now (although it was not clear at the beginning) this job is worth doing and must be done, and deo volente I will do it. Is my confidence misplaced? I do not think so, and I am very well placed to try and if I fail it will be just another step in the saga that began when the ruling class [through their tame theologians] found it expedient to divide the heavens from the Earth and use their propaganda about the invisible heaven to control and exploit their "subjects". I have been on this trajectory for a long time but now it is becoming more of a passbility that an impossible dream. I am beginning to feel that I was born for this and all the events of my life have been leading to it.

[page 287]

Ulysses: observation: divining the inner states of persons from their inputs and outputs, the metaphysical extension of physics made possible by the fact that the only constraints on the world are perpetual motion and consistency. James Joyce (1922, 1986): Ulysses The Corrected Text

The point of Cantor's proof is a non-cloning theorem: there are no duplicates among the set of power sets that we use to to prove that 1 is greater than 0. In order to actually construct 1 we need 1 copies of each eement of 0.

The prnciple of individuation is not 'matter' as Aristotle may have claimed, but space. Neverthless the Scholastic definition of matter may be seen to describe space: nec quid, nec quale, nec quantum, nec alquid eorum quibus ens determinatur. When we leave formalism into reality we have to begin to deal with conservation laws [whereas in mathematics, we can make up sets ad libitum]

The first big payoff from the independent Hilbert space postulate must be the solution of the cosmologival constant problem as forshadowed on page 19: Fixed points, laws and symmetries. How is this going to work? The standard approach assumes that the ½ is real energy whereas if it is simply an ideal in Hilbert space it can predate Minkowski and become part of the zero energy picture where grasvitationsl potential cancels kinetic. What do you think of that? We can use

[page 288]

the same trick to get rid of the other infinities in quantum field theory. We will have to sophisticate it a bit so that it does not look too obvious.

A lot of what I have to learnt is about the application of mathematical ideas to real physics as in wave mechanics in general. A solution to the real problem may lie in a rework of the quantum harmonic oscillator and maybe the annihilation of unnecessary bits of energy. The conservation of energy can only make sense if the energy of the universe is zero. What about conservation of action? As entropy always increases, so action mut always increase as more gods pour out of the cosmic yoni. Yoni - Wikipedia

In Hilbert space the quantum is the logical distance between the orthogonal vectors whose product is zero precisely because they are orthogonal so one is not the other. Something here a bit like Cantor's proof and the no-cloning theorem where the elements of the power set are differentiated by their structure.

The quantum is a logical operator which has nothing to do with energy in Hilbert space [because] there is no energy there. This connects with the divinity of gravitation the fact that the differential manifold is an ideal like the complex numbers and the potential content of gravitation is equal at the Hilbert level to the kinematic content of the particles in the universe and the whole story is ideal so it does not necessarily

[page 289]

affect reality except at the digital logical level [where all the problems of continuity and infinity that we find in contemporary physics are eliminated by the digital behaviour of Hilbert space]. This is a word salad but if we toss it around a bit we might get a story, or at least a poem or a song. Nielsen & Chuang (2016): Quantum Computation and Quantum Information

Thursday 16 February 2023

The simple answer to all of the above is that because we have made Hilbert space independent of Minkowski space , events in Hilbert space are not necessarily reflected in Minkowski space, and in particular the principle that we only observe fixed points so the dynamics of Hilbert space is represented in Minkowski space only by eigenvectors and corresponding eigenstates.

The Minkowski metric is a fixed point in the divinity akin to the Trinity.

Is Hilbert space topological space, C? See von N.

We can say that broken symmetries exist inside the symmetry that the break. So we may see the Universe as a complex hierarchy of broken symmetries existing inside the initial symetry, god, the initial singularity, which we identify with pure action and graviation in 4D. The first broken symmetry inside God we may see as Minkowski space, represented as a 4 × 4 matrix with -1, 1, 1, 1 or vice versa along the diagonal. The question is why 3D space, and the answer seems to be the provision of sufficient entropy to enable fermions to move without contact [or maybe the first break of symmetry is the axioms of Hilbert space].

[page 290]

The fact that the quantum computation people can achieve all they need to execute any possible computation in Cn proves, to me that computer processing in Hilbert space is digital and so avoids all the problems of continuity and infinity to be found in quantum field theory. This perception kills, I think, the idea that because the quantum world is a deterministic continuous analogue computer it is more powerful than a Turing machine. We use this argument to overcome the cosmic constant problem and it is at last the payoff from the postulate that Hilbert space is prior to and independent of Minkowski space (?)].

A basic issue is resolution. In Hilbert space every action is one quantum of action. Particles in Minkowski space "carry" software to manage their interactions wiht one another and the speed of execution in Hilbert space is a function of the energy of the particles in Minkowski space, where the 'speed' is the interval required to execute the quantum of action, from very short to the age of the universe (interval = inverse time). [Hilbert space is also a metric space, the distance between states being measured by their inner product which determines the probability amplitude of their connection.]

We imagine a sone dimensional operator called T (for "time") von N. John von Neumann (2014): Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, page 231

The thing is that von Neumann's Hilbert space works perfectly well in its natural domain, which is one dimensional [time] unitary evolution [represented by a matrix of any countable dimension].

[page 291]

and the rot only sets in when it is grafted onto Minkowski space instead of being understood as the source of this space (page 12: The quantum creation of Minkowski space).

Friday 17 February 2023
Saturday 18 January 2023

page 19: Fixed points, laws and symmetries seems good. Next to page 20: Space-time—the cosmic memory and operating system and we might approach it via the zero-dimension Hilbert space = not - Hilbert space which we identify with the divine initial singularity and we might begin to think in terms of Trinity again: Father-Son makes a qubit by an application of fixed point theory to the continuous, convex, compact, consistent god we started with while algebraic completeness naturally gives rise to Hilbert space via von Neumann's axioms as the first fixed point in the Universe. This leads, via chance and selection to 2D 1 + 1 Minkowski space and next fermions, 3 + 1 Minkowski space and the Dirac equation. A dream run to goal?

My difficulties with quantum mechanics and my difficulties with the human power structures on the planet I live on seem to be closely related so that when my progress on quantum theory seems to dry up I find myself reading a rather boring le Carre spy tory to find inspiration. My trouble lies on tpage 20 on memory and I am not sure what I am trying to do with it except perhaps to implement the ideals on fixed points in divinity foreshadowed on page 19. The fixed point in question is on the one hand the doctrine of the Trinity and on the other von Neumann's axioms of quantum Hilbert space, since both Hilbert and the Trinity seem to be the first break in the divine simplicity of our continuous, convex, compact God. John le Carre (2004): Absolute Friends

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Further reading

Books

Hollis (2022), Matthew, The Waste Land: A Biography of a Poem , 2022 ' A scintillating account of the making of The Waste Land on its centenary-and a remarkable feat of biography and storytelling. The Waste Land is said to be the greatest poem of the age. It is thought to describe the moral decay of a world after war, sexuality and rebirth; it has been called the most truthful poem of the times, it has been labelled a masterful fake. But a century after its publication in 1922, T. S. Eliot's masterpiece remains a work of comparative mystery. In this gripping account, award-winning biographer Matthew Hollis reconstructs the making of the poem and brings its times vividly to life. He tells the story of the cultural and personal trauma that forged the poem through the interleaved lives of its protagonists - of Ezra Pound, who edited it, of Vivien Eliot, who endured it, and of T. S. Eliot himself whose private torment is woven into the fabric of the work. The result is an unforgettable story of lives passing in opposing directions: Eliot's into redemptive stardom, Vivien's into despair, Pound's into unforgiving darkness.  
Amazon
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Joyce (1922, 1986), James, and (Edited by Hans Walter Gabler with Wolfhard Steppe and Claus Melchior and with a new preface by Richard Ellmann, Ulysses: The Corrected Text, The Bodley Head 1986 Preface: ',,, For the purposes of interpretation, the most significant of the many small changes in [this] text has to do with the question Stephen puts to his mother at the climax of the brothel scene, itself the climax of the novel. Stephen is appalled by his mother's ghost, but like Ulysses he seeks information from her. His mother says, 'You sang that song to me. Love's bitter mystery.' Stephen responds 'eagerly.' as the stage direction sasy, 'Tell me the word, mother, if you know now. The word known to all men.' She fails to provide it. This passage has been much interpreted. ... Professor Gabler has been able to settle this matter by recovering a passage left out of the scene in the National Library. ... the omission of several lines - the longest omissionin the book. These lines read in the manuscript "Do you know what you are talking about? Love, yes. Word known to all men. ... '' page xii back

le Carre (2004), John, Absolute Friends, Back Bay Books 2004 Jacket: 'An absolutly triumphant bestseller—everywhere hailed as the masterpiece toward which le Carre has been building since the fall of communism. This thrilling tale of loyalty, betrayal and international espionage spans the lives of two friends from the riot-torn West Berlin of the 1960s to the grimy looking glass of Cold War Europe to the present day of terrorism and uncertain new alliances—alliances that aren't always what they seem to be.' 
Amazon
  back

Nielsen (2016), Michael A, and Isaac L Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press 2016 Review: A rigorous, comprehensive text on quantum information is timely. The study of quantum information and computation represents a particularly direct route to understanding quantum mechanics. Unlike the traditional route to quantum mechanics via Schroedinger's equation and the hydrogen atom, the study of quantum information requires no calculus, merely a knowledge of complex numbers and matrix multiplication. In addition, quantum information processing gives direct access to the traditionally advanced topics of measurement of quantum systems and decoherence.' Seth Lloyd, Department of Quantum Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Nature 6876: vol 416 page 19, 7 March 2002. 
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Links

Al Jazeera and Agencies, Over 4,000 children abused by Portugal’s Catholic Church: Report, ' The Portuguese Catholic Church sexually abused at least 4,815 children since 1950, a new report has found. The commission investigating the issue said on Monday that 77 percent of the perpetrators were priests and most of the victims were men. “[We want] to pay a sincere tribute to those who were abuse victims during their childhood and dared to give a voice to silence,” head of the commission and child psychiatrist Pedro Strecht said. “They are much more than a statistic.” . . . In October, the experts working on the report said it had recorded 424 legitimate accounts from presumed victims. They warned that their testimony indicated the number of victims was “much larger”.' back

Alasdair Sandford, Post-Brexit Guide: What's been the impact — and how did it happen? , ' This updated article was previously titled "Post-Brexit Guide: Where are we now — and how did we get here?". The effects of the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union have been far-reaching, impacting business and the economy, as well as people on both sides of the English Channel and many aspects of their lives. This guide examines the impact of Brexit so far, nearly three years after the UK left the EU and two years since the new relationship took effect. It looks back at the drawn-out negotiation process, Britain's difficult historical relationship with Europe, and there's also a postscript on how the EU works.' back

Clifford algebra - Wikipedia, Clifford algebra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In mathematics, Clifford algebras are a type of associative algebra. As K-algebras, they generalize the real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions and several other hypercomplex number systems. The theory of Clifford algebras is intimately connected with the theory of quadratic forms and orthogonal transformations. Clifford algebras have important applications in a variety of fields including geometry, theoretical physics and digital image processing. They are named after the English geometer William Kingdon Clifford. back

Dara Conduit, As Syrians were trapped beneath the rubble, a broken UN system was held hostage by the Assad regime, ' It took a full week for the Syrian government, which frequently blocks aid delivery to its opponents, to finally agree to open two additional border crossings from Turkey to allow more aid into northwestern Syria. But for many, this would come too late. In the end, politics stood in the way of a humanitarian response that could have saved hundreds, if not thousands, of lives. The disaster unfolding before our eyes is almost entirely man-made. . . . The UN has also remained tight-lipped on the frustrations of its dealings with Damascus, apparently believing that preserving its relationship with Assad’s regime is essential to continuing the aid flows to the millions who need it inside government-controlled Syria and what little makes it to the rebel areas. This has given the Assad regime obscene influence over aid delivery and made the UN complicit in one of the gravest failures of the international humanitarian system in recent history.' back

Ian Verrender, Why the Reserve Bank is pushing us towards a recession that we don't need to have, ' For decades, it was believed we needed an unemployment rate of about 5 per cent just to keep everything ticking along nicely. But as the relationship has broken down, an outright war amongst the heavyweights in economic thought has erupted about where we go from here. Former International Monetary Fund chief economist Olivier Blanchard kicked off the debate, arguing rate hikes were an inefficient way of dealing with price rises and pushed instead for more intervention by governments. back

John C. Eccles (1958), Innovation in Science: The Physiology of Imagination, ' Our task here is to see how far our present ideas on the working of the brain can be related to the experiences of mind. The way to the imagination, the highest level of mental experience, lies through the lower levels of sensory experience, imagery, hallucination and memory, and that is the path we shall traverse. All that we shall learn must itself, of course, be the product of perceiving, reasoning and imagining by our brains! back

John Quiggin, 6,000 words but silent on falling real wages: what Chalmers got wrong on ‘values-based capitalism’ and fixing our economic woes, ' Overall, “values-based capitalism” can’t make more than a marginal contribution to fixing the problems left behind by the failure of neoliberalism. The real solution is simple but politically unpalatable. We need governments to do more, commanding more resources, which necessarily entails the private sector commanding fewer. This can only be achieved by increasing tax revenue, starting with measures like those put forward by Labor (unsuccessfully) in the 2019 election. Unfortunately, the massive high-income tax cuts on their way with the support of Labor will make this difficult.' back

John von Neumann (2014), Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, ' Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics by John von Neumann translated from the German by Robert T. Beyer (New Edition) edited by Nicholas A. Wheeler. Princeton UP Princeton & Oxford. Preface: ' This book is the realization of my long-held intention to someday use the resources of TEX to produce a more easily read version of Robert T. Beyer’s authorized English translation (Princeton University Press, 1955) of John von Neumann’s classic Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik (Springer, 1932).'This content downloaded from 129.127.145.240 on Sat, 30 May 2020 22:38:31 UTC back

Kevin Brown, The Dirac Equation (Mathpages), ' "I have made no more progress in the general theory of relativity. The electric field still remains unconnected. Overdeterminism does not work. Nor have I produced anything for the electron problem. Does the reason have to do with my hardening brain mass, or is the redeeming idea really so far away?" Einstein to Ehrenfest, 1920
In later years Dirac described his motivations differently, explaining that he hadn’t pursued the quadratic form (leading to what is now called the Klein-Gordon equation) because it seemed inconsistent with his work on “transformation theory” based on the first-order time derivative.
"I think [the transformation theory] is the piece of work which has most pleased me of all the works I’ve done in my life… [it] had become my darling. I was not interested in considering any theory which would not fit in with my darling. Therefore, the linearity of ∂/∂t was absolutely essential to me; I just couldn’t face giving up the transformation theory".' back

Kylie Thomas, Ernest Cole: South Africa’s most famous photobook has been republished after 55 years, ' Photographer Ernest Cole was born in 1940 in the Pretoria township of Eersterust, just before apartheid was formally introduced in South Africa in 1948. He was 20 when thousands of people gathered outside a police station in Sharpeville township to protest against being forced to carry pass books by the white minority government. On that day at least 69 people were shot dead, hundreds were injured, and a state of emergency was declared. The Sharpeville Massacre is regarded as a turning point in the struggle for liberation in South Africa. It marked the beginning of a decades-long period in which images of human rights abuses in South Africa would rarely be out of the international news. Cole’s images were prominent in this coverage. But, unlike many of his contemporaries, he did not focus on documenting protests. Instead, Cole produced hundreds of photographs that portrayed the structural violence of apartheid in fine detail.' back

Michael Kranish, After helping prince’s rise, Trump and Kushner benefit from Saudi funds, 'In early 2021, as Donald Trump exited the White House, he and his son-in-law Jared Kushner faced unprecedented business challenges. Revenue at Trump’s properties had plummeted during his presidency, and the attack on the U.S. Capitol by his supporters made his brand even more polarizing. Kushner, whose last major business foray had left his family firm needing a $1.2 billion bailout, faced his own political fallout as a senior Trump aide. But one ally moved quickly to the rescue. The day after leaving the White House, Kushner created a company that he transformed months later into a private equity firm with $2 billion from a sovereign wealth fund chaired by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.' back

Michael Schwirtz, They Are Russians Fighting Against Their Homeland. Here’s Why., ' The soldier knelt in the snow, aimed a rocket launcher and fired in the direction of Russian troops positioned about a mile away. He was set up at a Ukrainian firing position, and looked just like the other Ukrainian troops fighting south of the city of Bakhmut in one of the most brutal theaters of the war. But he and his comrades are not Ukrainian. They are soldiers in a Ukrainian military unit made up entirely of Russians who are fighting and killing their own countrymen. . . . “A real Russian man doesn’t engage in such an aggressive war, won’t rape children, kill women and elderly people,” said one Russian fighter with the military call sign Caesar, ticking off atrocities committed by Russian soldiers that motivated him to leave his native St. Petersburg and fight for Ukraine. “That’s why I don’t have remorse. I do my job and I’ve killed a lot of them".' back

Richard Feynman & Steven Weinberg (1986), Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics: The 1986 Dirac Memorial Lectures, Foreword: John C Taylor: 'Dirac Died in 1984, and St John's College, Cambridge (Dirac's College), very generously endowed an annual lecture to be held at Cambridge University in Dirac's memory. The First two lectures, printed here, are contrasting variations of Dirac's theme of the union of quantum theory and relativity.' back

Yoni - Wikipedia, Yoni - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Yoni (Sanskrit: योनि yoni, literally "vagina" or "womb") is the symbol of the Goddess (Shakti or Devi), the Hindu Divine Mother. Within Shaivism, the sect dedicated to the god Shiva, the yoni symbolizes his consort. The male counterpart of the yoni is the lingam. Their union represents the eternal process of creation and regeneration.' back

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