Notes DB 91: Divine_Gravitation_2024

Sunday 26 January 2025 - Saturday 1 February 2025

[page 351]

Sunday 26 January 2025

Final draft of essay. What is missing? Now I want something new to put in lust for life, more concentration on politics. What have I done so far? Turned theology and physics inside out. This is my Einstein thing I wanted? Perhaps there is something bigger I want but so far it is out of sight. Sleep on it? Is there a feeling there?

Monday 27 January 2025

Cannot send cognitive_cos_dec2024 until end of Feb. Email Geoffrey Hinton re Natural intelligence of the quantum universe.

Tuesday 28 January 2025

Emailed Austin Macauley to approve cover. Now we need blurb and publish date.

When the author was a little child that Catholic Church

[page 352]

began perverting his mind with 2000 years of lies about his humanity and his world. He believed it all and set out to become a priest but after a few years saw the light and was kicked ouit of the seminary as a heretic. For sixty years he thought about what happened to him. And now the conclusion arrives, a lethal weapon against the Church and all its ilk, a thermonuclear bomb built on the root of the world. It shows beyond doubt that their God is false and reality is not the swamp of sin that they have vowed to drain. Reality is divine, not a sick mistake made by their vicious God. This is a tiny book, but just like any virus it is lethal and the only answer to it is to begin to preach the truth. The Universe is divine and plays all the roles, creator, sustainer and judge, usurped by their God.

60 years later, having thought the matter over, this book is his answer. It is not the swamp of sin they hope to drain, although they have made it so. Every war is a religious war, fed by religious lies while they all smugly claim to be bringers of peace. Bringers of peace for their own followers sometimes, but not for all the rest.

Back to the abstract: This essay is a work of political philosophy, ie philosophy applied to politics.

[Commentary on Hopfield lecture]

Hopfield Nobel: The choice of problem is the primary determinant of what one achieves in science. John J. Hopfield: Nobel Lecture: Physics is a point of view, Hopfield network - Wikipedia

[page 353]

' Ultimately defining the germ of a useful viewpoint upon which mathematic can be overlaid. Physics is a point of view. Learning to think with my hands and manipulate real objects.'

' Paradox between common sense and theoretical view of the facts. Ownership of an interesting question and total responsibility for research and progress.'

' Haemoglobin took me from solid state to biochemistry. High energy proof reading and decribed crucial experimkents to prove the theory.'

' How mind emerges from brain is for me the deepest question posed by our humanity. Dynamic logical trajectory, so trajectory is stable and will get back on track if disturbed, associative memory, convergence, spin systems, magnetic trajectories, lets make the biological system follow the same mathematical methodology - neurobiology and solid state physics, has to do with energy. Energy function describes convergent flows in a wide range of systems.'

Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities, J. J. Hopfield. John J. Hopfield (1982) : Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities

Here we are moving out or the quantum regime into the Minkowski regime.

' The omission of the almost obvious became an invitation for other people to add to the subject.'

' Dense associative memory.'

[page 354]

' Physics is a point of view for understanding the totality of man and his universe.'

Wednesday 29 January 2025

Cover Blurb in file /aaaPRODUCTION/Cover_Proof/

Geoffrey Hinton (2025_12_08): Nobel Lecture: Boltzmann machines

[Commentary on Hinton's lecture]

' Hopfield network - goodness → - energy. Each neuron can locally compute what it has to do to reduce the energy = badness. Hopfield network - Wikipedia

' Hopfield network can have many energy minima.'

' Hopfield: Memories could be energy minima of a neural net.'

' The binary decision rule can be used to "clean up" incomplete or corrupted memories (Hopfield 1982)' John J. Hopfield (1982): Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities

' Different computational role for Hopfield networks, not to store memories but to construct interpretations of sensory input.'

' Visible neurons contain data; interpretation represented by hidden neurons. Energy of hidden neurons ≡ badness of interpretation so best interpretation is lowest energy.'

' Interpretation of the same Necker cube. This is a bit like the work of the eigenvalue equation' (illustration at 6.31 of 31.53).

' Interpreting is like dreaming. Assign a 2D line neuron for each line'

[page 355]

' Use one 3D edge neuron for each possible 3D edge. The 2D line neurons each try to activate all the edge neurons that could project that line. The 3D edges compete by using connections with negative weights. Now we put in extra connections to represent lines connected in the real image, i.e. make 3D edges support eachother if they join in 3D. Strongly support eachother if they join at right angles in 3D.'

' This setup might create a network which will settle to either interpretation of the cube. Causes 2 main problems:

1. How do we avoid getting caught in a local minimum?

2. We would like the network to put in all the connections we have to put in by hand.'

[Is all of this irrelevant in the quantum regime where there is no energy?]

'Answer to 1 is noise, ie stochastic binary neurons. [bit like QM weights?]. So clamp the binary image on the visible units and for each neuron make it behave probabilistically when motivations become nearly equal. So go round and round doing hard/soft choices and system will approach thermal equilibrium.'

'At thermal equilibrium, states of hidden neurons are an interpretation of the line drawing, if we got the right weights for the lines, etc.'

11.50 Thermal equilibrium. What is stabilized is probability distribution over configurations of the system, ie quantum mechanical

[page 356]

ie the Boltzmann distribution. The probability of finding the system in a configuration is determined solely by the energy of the configuration: hν / kT = p_i. Low energy more probable than high energy [Planck].'

' Ensemble of identical Hopfield networks started in certain states. Run the algorithm and the probability becomes stable. Detailed balance.'

' Concentrating on image with stochastic binary neurons (letting the network dream). Start with random binary state for all neurons, then follow the update rule.'

' Look at visible neurons and see a binary image generated by the network.'

Paper: The quantum eigenvalue equation as a model for Hopfield/Boltzmann networks [ie a linear approach to a complex logical structure]. [Me to write, justifying natural intelligence NI vs AI, straight out of my book to PNAS].

15.04: ' The aim of learning in a Boltzmann machine.'

' Learning the insights in the network is equivalent to figuring out how the hidden neurons should be used to model the structure in the images it perceives (after a random start). Hard problem.'

'Start with random and show it lots of images and hope the system can use the hidden neurons to model the underlying causes of the images. Very optimistic. 1983. Very simple algorithm.' Geoffrey E Hinton & Terrence J. Sejnowski (1983): Optimal Perceptual Inference

[page 357]

'Wake phase: Settle to thermal equilibrium and or every pair of connected neurons add a bit of weight.'

'Sleep phase: Settle to thermal equilibrium by updating hidden and visible then for every pair of connected neurons, if they are both on, take a little bit off the weight between them.'

'On average, this will increase the probability that the image generated by the net when it is dreaming will resemble the images it produces when it is awake. ie the weights change so that the images the network finds plausible (ie low energy) resemble the images it sees when it is awake. Believe in what you see when you are awake and unbelieve what you see when you are asleep.'

' Everything that a weight between two neurons need to know about the other weights in order to learn correctly is conveyed by the difference between two quantities that can be measured locally. How often two neurons are on together when they are awake and when they are dreaming, versus back propagation (is biologically implausible).'

'Settling to thermal equilibrium is a very slow process.'

'But, 17 years later, if there are no connections between hidden neurons the wake phase becomes very much simpler.'

'So clamp an input on the visible and update all the hidden neurons in parallel.'

[page 358]

'Sleep phase still requires old process'

'Shortcut: contrastive divergence. Visible.'

'A practical demo: Netflix used restricted Boltzmann machines to improve predictions of movies people would like.'

'Stacked restricted Boltzmann machines. Give hidden units data to next machine each finding structure between hierarchy of abstract features add a final layer and give it class labels. It has learnt the struture and then can give it names, they generalize better because they have got the data.'

'2006 - 2011 using stacks of Boltzmann machines'

'2012: Google got better speech resolution. Stacks of Boltzmann machines are out of date, historical enzymes. Unlearning during sleep is still a good plan. QED '

Thursday 30 January 2025

Phone snippets for a blurb.' Theological wars became pandemic in both East and West after Christians sold out to Constantine's Empire, one of the first major encounters being the Crusades.' Christopher Tyerman (2019) The World of the Crusades

[note from Mahabharata: Krishna encourages Arjuna by telling him that though he might be killed in battle he can have another reanimated life unless he has reached perfection. This is why all wars are holy wars. The sacrifices of the combatants for the benefits of their lords are encouraged by the very ancient and very false doctrine that we do not really die but we have an immortal soul. A very big lie to tell those who are about to die.] Mahabharata - Wikipedia

' Here I coopt the God of Aquinas and identify it with gravitation which influences every moment of our lives and

[page 359]

and creates the Universe and conclude that theology can be a real science based on our extensive knowledge of physics. As John J. Hopfield, one of the Nobel prize winners for the invention of artificicial intelligence concluded his Nobel lecture : "Physics is a point of view for understanding the totality of humanity and our Universe." Obviously our AI is but a feeble imitation of the quantum mechanical intelligence that creartes our magnificent Universe.

An expose of an infallible papacy that says women are too spiritually defective to become priests.'

A gentle thermonuclear explosion emanating from the roots of the Universe that will blow away all the mythical imperial religions and spell the end of theocracy and autocracy and expose the lie that is papal infallibility.

Theological wars murder people hoping to kill a state of mind. Innocent III conducted a 20 year war against the Albigensian heretics, killing a million of them for having a state of mind no weirder than the angels and devils and apocalyptic ending that characterize the Catholic Church. There will be no apocalypse in any conceivable lifetime. We are living on a planet looking forward to another five billion years of lifegiving sunlight.

[page 360]

Saturday 1 February 2025

Is natural intelligence smarter than the artificial variety?

1. The background model - gravitation - quantum mechanics - classical mechanics in Minkowski space

2. The quantum creation of universal formalism and its gravitational realization.

3. Quantum intelligence - creating the new universe.

4. The Turing / Hopfield / Hinton model : Training, garbage in garbage out - interpreting the old universe.

When truth cannot be agreed upon, war is inevitable.

Genocide and imperialism go hand in hand.

The Church is not founded on reality but on human states of mind. It may be argued that such states of mind are realities, but we only have access to them through opinions of the possessors of these states of mind and the coupling of these states of mind [to reality] may be very weak as we see in the president

[page 361]

of rhe United States who denies the existence of human induced climate change and the spectrum of genders based on human sexuality.

'Waiting for the mood to write by watching women in motion. Evolution designed heavenly pleasure to prevent species from dying out but it can be associated also with rape and violence in the competition for impregnation: lust for life / violence for life.

Cover Blurb

When the truth cannot be agreed upon, war is inevitable (Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita, conversation between Krishna (aka Vishnu) and Arjuna) Bhagavad Gita - Wikipedia

'Jesus of Nazareth was a political revolutionary. He transformed Judaism into Christianity. Constantine turned Christianity into the established religion of the Empire and it became Roman Catholicism.'

In 1963, I joined the Catholic Order of Preachers, the Dominicans, to become a priest. The Dominican’s star theologian is Thomas Aquinas. He renewed theology by introducing the logic and physics of Aristotle. His work was exciting.

In the 1959 Pope John XXIII announced that the Church needed updating aggiornamento. Wouldn’t it be a miracle if theology caught up with modern science?

The official Catholic Church is a glorious concoction of ancient mythology. We know there was no Original Sin. We know there will be no Apocalypse. We know that sunlight will support life on Earth for five billion more years.

Science feeds on physical contact. Theology must see and feel god if it is to be a science.

This book begins with Jesus and the god that Aquinas found in Aristotle. It identifies them with gravitation. Gravitation influences every moment of our lives. It creates the world.

In 1965 the Order expelled me. It is heresy to say the world is divine. Back in the real world I never forgot my love for Aquinas. This book might be what he would say if he knew what we know.

Adelaide, 31 January 2025 (227 words)

Copyright:

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Further reading

Books

Tyerman (2019), Christopher, The World of the Crusades, Yale UP 2019 ' Throughout the Middle Ages crusading was justified by religious ideology, but the resulting military campaigns were fueled by concrete objectives: land, resources, power, reputation. Crusaders amassed possessions of all sorts, from castles to reliquaries. Campaigns required material funds and equipment, while conquests produced bureaucracies, taxation, economic exploitation, and commercial regulation. Wealth sustained the Crusades while material objects, from weaponry and military technology to carpentry and shipping, conditioned them. This lavishly illustrated volume considers the material trappings of crusading wars and the objects that memorialized them, in architecture, sculpture, jewelry, painting, and manuscripts. Christopher Tyerman's incorporation of the physical and visual remains of crusading enriches our understanding of how the crusaders themselves articulated their mission, how they viewed their place in the world, and how they related to the cultures they derived from and preyed upon.'  Amazon   back

Links

Bhagavad Gita - Wikipedia, Bhagavad Gita - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The Bhagavad Gita . . . , often referred to as simply the Gita, is a is a 700-verse Hindu scripture, which is part of the epic Mahabharata. It forms the chapters 23–40 of book 6 of the Mahabharata called the Bhishma Parva. The work is dated to the second half of the first millennium BCE. Typical of the Hindu synthesis, it is considered one of the holy scriptures of Hinduism. The Bhagavad Gita is set in a narrative framework of dialogue between the Pandava prince Arjuna and his charioteer guide Krishna, an avatar of lord Vishnu. At the start of the Kurukshetra War between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, Arjuna despairs thinking about the violence and death the war will cause in the battle against his kin and becomes emotionally preoccupied with a dilemma. Wondering if he should renounce the war, Arjuna seeks the counsel of Krishna, whose answers and discourse constitute the Bhagavad Gita. Krishna counsels Arjuna to "fulfil his Kshatriya (warrior) duty" for the upholdment of dharma The Krishna–Arjuna dialogue covers a broad range of spiritual topics, touching upon moral and ethical dilemmas, and philosophical issues that go far beyond the war that Arjuna faces. The setting of the text in a battlefield has been interpreted as an allegory for the struggles of human life.' back

Boltzmann distribution - Wikipedia, Boltzmann distribution - Wikipedia, the fee encyclopedia, ' In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution[1]) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain state as a function of that state's energy and the temperature of the system. The distribution is expressed in the form: pi = exp (εi / kT) where pi is the probability of the system being in state i. back

Geoffrey E Hinton & Terrence J. Sejnowski (1983), Optimal Perceptual Inference , ' ABSTRACT When a vision system creates an interpretation of some input data, it assigns truth values or probabilities to internal hypotheses about the world. We present a non-deterministic method for assigning truth values that avoids many of the problems encountered by existing relaxation methods. Instead of representing probabilities with real- numbers. we use a more direct encoding in which the probability associated with a hypothesis is represented by the probability that it is in one of two states. true or false. We give a particular non- deterministic operator, based on statistlcal mechanics, for updating the truth values of hypotheses. The operator ensures that the probability of discovering a particular combination of hypotheses is a simple function of how good that combination is. We show that there is a simple relationship between this operator and Bayesian inference, and we describe a learning rule which allows a parallel system to converge on a set of weights that optimizes its perceptual inferences' back

Geoffrey Hinton (2024_12_08), Nobel Lecture: Boltzmann machines, John J. Hopfield Princeton University, NJ, USA Geoffrey Hinton University of Toronto, Canada “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks” They trained artificial neural networks using physics. This year’s two Nobel Laureates in Physics have used tools from physics to develop methods that are the foundation of today’s powerful machine learning. John Hopfield created an associative memory that can store and reconstruct images and other types of patterns in data. Geoffrey Hinton invented a method that can autonomously find properties in data, and so perform tasks such as identifying specific elements in pictures.' back

Graham Farmelo (2025_01_27), How a boy from the Bronx unearthed the workings of the Universe, back

Hopfield network - Wikipedia, xHopfield network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'A Hopfield network (or associative memory) is a form of recurrent neural network, or a spin glass system, that can serve as a content-addressable memory. The Hopfield network, named for John Hopfield, consists of a single layer of neurons, where each neuron is connected to every other neuron except itself. These connections are bidirectional and symmetric, meaning the weight of the connection from neuron i to neuron j is the same as the weight from neuron j to neuron i. Patterns are associatively recalled by fixing certain inputs, and dynamically evolve the network to minimize an energy function, towards local energy minimum states that correspond to stored patterns. Patterns are associatively learned (or "stored") by a Hebbian learning algorithm. One of the key features of Hopfield networks is their ability to recover complete patterns from partial or noisy inputs, making them robust in the face of incomplete or corrupted data. Their connection to statistical mechanics, recurrent networks, and human cognitive psychology has led to their application in various fields, including physics, psychology, neuroscience, and machine learning theory and practice. ' back

John J. Hopfield (1982), Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities, ' ABSTRACT Computational properties of use to biological or- ganisms or to the construction of computers can emerge as col- lective properties of systems -having a large number of simple equivalent components (or neurons). The physical meaning ofcon- tent-addressable memory is described by an appropriate phase space flow of the state of a system. A model of such a system is given, based on aspects of neurobiology but readily adapted to in- tegrated circuits. The collective properties of this model produce a content-addressable memory which correctly yields an entire memory from any subpart of sufficient size. The algorithm for the time evolution of the state of the system is based on asynchronous parallel processing. Additional emergent collective properties in- clude some capacity for generalization, familiarity recognition, categorization, error correction, and time sequence retention. The collective properties are only weakly sensitive to details ofthe modeling or the failure of individual devices. [. . . ] Because evolution has no such plan, it becomes relevant to ask whether the ability of arge collections of neurons to perform "computational" tasks may in part be a spontaneous collective consequence of having a large number of interacting simple neurons. back

John J. Hopfield (1982), Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities, ' Absract: x Computational properties of use to biological or- ganisms or to the construction of computers can emerge as col- lective properties of systems -having a large number of simple equivalent components (or neurons). The physical meaning ofcon- tent-addressable memory is described by an appropriate phase space flow of the state of a system. A model of such a system is given, based on aspects of neurobiology but readily adapted to in- tegrated circuits. The collective properties of this model produce a content-addressable memory which correctly yields an entire memory from any subpart of sufficient size. The algorithm for the time evolution of the state of the system is based on asynchronous parallel processing. Additional emergent collective properties in- clude some capacity for generalization, familiarity recognition, categorization, error correction, and time sequence retention. The collective properties are only weakly sensitive to details ofthe modeling or the failure of individual devices. [. . . ] Because evolution has no such plan, it becomes relevant to ask whether the ability of arge collections of neurons to perform "computational" tasks may in part be a spontaneous collective consequence of having a large number of interacting simple neurons. back

John J. Hopfield (2024_12_08), Nobel Lecture: Physics is a point of view, ' John J. Hopfield delivered his Nobel Prize lecture "Physics is a point of view" on 8 December 2024 at the Aula Magna, Stockholm University. He was introduced by Professor Ellen Moons, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics. … back

Mahabharata - Wikipedia, Mahabharata - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' The Mahābhārata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or puruṣārtha (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, often considered as works in their own right.' back