Notes DB 94 - Theory of Peace - 2026
Sunday 26 April 2026 - Saturday 2 May 2026
[page 84]
Sunday 26 April 2026
Three Takeaways from Cognitive Cosmogenesis: a Systematic Integration of Physics and Theology Transcribed here:
A letter to academia: there are three inchoate Nobel prizes in my book that may be of interest to somebody in academia:
1. A proof that the universe is divine.
2. A discussion that points out the power of quantum mechanics and the weakness of AI.
3. A rebooting of relativistic quantum mechanics which shows the problems with quantum field theory and points to a solution of the Yang-Mills problem. Carlson.Jaffe & Wiles (2006): The Millennium Prize Problems 7.
I am too old and disconnected from politics and academia to pursue
[page 83]
these honours for myself and I do not need the money, so I am happy to pass them on to you with a suggestion that you buy the book because the money will end up wth my children and friends.
Transcript of Letter to Academia: Cognitive Cosmogenesis: Three Takeways
This book is a memoir by an old Catholic monk whose lifetime has been spent exploring the idea that the universe is divine. It has two contrasting motivations.
The first is the fact that most of the gods worshipped in the modern world are fables created by ancient kings like the pharoahs of Egypt, the authors of the Hebrew Bible and the bishops and popes of the Roman Catholic Church.
These people may have considered themselves voices of god and ruled accordingly. They have established empires based on military violence, theocracy and autocracy. They have inevitably destroyed indigenous societies in this exercise their power.
Many governments in the modern world follow this ancient paradigm. The most powerful is the Christian fundamentalist ideology of the United States: In God we Trust. Brandishing the most powerful army on Earth, this hegemon has [military] bases throughout the world. It acts as a global police force, involving itself in local affairs whenever a profitable opportunity appears.
As we have learnt from 5000 years of history plus the contemporary Trump regime, this ideology is fatal to democracy, the rule of law, social security and justice, and destroys the freedom and agency of natural humanity.
The alternative view is demonstrated by the enormous improvements in global health care made possible by biological science. Now that we understand that all forms of life work in a similar way medicos and all those who care for life have no borders.
In a divine world nature, not a theocracy, is the voice of god. It explains how we came to be, how we survive, and the future we face. Science is the industry we have developed to listen to and interpret the voice of god. Well directed art and technology exploit this knowledge for our common welfare. Science - Wikipedia
The history of this divine world is a very long story but I make three main points. Each of these deserves close academic attention to develop their full empirical and theoretical foundation.
They are:
1. The unification of theology as an empirical science, analogous to the unification of biology, is based on the fact that the universe is divine and everything we observe is the word of god. This must dampen the ideological differences at the foundation of our history of religious wars. Religious war - Wikipedia
2. The whole structure of the world, beginning from an initial eternal structureless symmetry, has been created by a process of evolution based on variation and selection. Because the initial symmetry has no self control, its actions are random. At the foundation selection is the work of quantum mechanics, which picks stable reproducible structures out of the infinite possibilities offered by complex Hilbert space.
3. Modern science, over a century of careful instrumental observation, has collected an enormous body of data about the deep structure of the world. The current interpretation of this data, the Standard Model, seems to miss the point by subordinating quantum theory to Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Quantum mechanics is the very simple source of particles and Minkowski space, the mathematical expression of Einstein’s discovery on Minkowski space, our home and standpoint for observing the world. Standard model - Wikipedia
Some more detail:
1. The universe is divine
We begin with the story of a god developed in the medieval Islamic schools and transferred to the European Christian universities where Thomas Aquinas and his contemporaries embedded it in the Roman Catholic Church and its derivatives. The Catholic Catechism defines this belief in detail. Catechism of the Catholic Church 100
This God seems to be derived from oral traditions that first appeared in writing about 5000 years ago in the ancient world. Oral tradition no doubt began when people learnt to speak with one another.
This God as we understand them now is an eternal necessary being whose essence is to exist. They are the omnipotent, omniscient creator of the world, determining its nature in every detail, controlling every action by divine providence. Aquinas, Summa, I, 3, 7: Is God altogether simple?, Aquinas, Summa, I, 22, 3: Does God have immediate providence over everything?
The Catholic Church maintains that God created the universe to manifest their own glory. They populated their creation with intelligent people and angels to
adore them. To make this adoration genuine they overrode the constraint of providence and enabled intelligent creatures to think and act freely which, we are told, led to disaster.
Some of the angels motivated by pride and vanity offended God by considering themselves divine. God banished them to the state of eternal of punishment we call Hell and they have been categorized as a satanic sect of enemies of God.
Satan led the first people to disobey God. They were punished with death, pain and hard labour. Later God redeemed humanity by sending their son as Jesus of Nazareth to become a human sacrifice, providing God with satisfaction for human sin. By accepting the grace of God some people are chosen to join God in heaven in a state of eternal life. At the end of time the universe damaged by sin is to be restored to its original perfection. Those who refuse God’s grace are to spend an eternity of pain in hell with the fallen angels. Robert Alter (2004): The Five Books of Moses
Many fundamentalist belief systems hold that this apocalyptic renovation of the fallen world is imminent. This belief has already been common but unrealized for thousands of years. End time - Wikipedia
There are two quasi empirical mythical foundations for this set of beliefs. First, some people are cast to be sinners, perhaps led astray by satanic forces; and second, certain events in the world are assumed to be miraculous, suggesting the real presence of divine activity overriding the normal functioning of the world.
From a scientific point of view reality is very different.
Insofar as nothing comes from nothing, it is logically necessary to believe that the world does have some eternal foundation. Astronomical observations show that the world is expanding. There is good evidence that it existed for about 10 billion years before the advent of the solar system and life on Earth. Expansion of the Universe - Wikipedia
Using our observations of the cosmic background radiation and the general theory of relativity we can estimate that the universe began from an initial simple and omnipotent stage similar to the god developed by Aquinas and the Church. The substantial difference appears to be that the universe developed itself within this starting point rather that having been designed and created by an agent outside itself. Cosmic microwave background - Wikipedia
Our empirical study of the enormous complexity of the life that has evolved on earth demonstrates the power of the evolutionary paradigm and suggests that it may serve to explain the emergence of the present world. In memory of
Aquinas and Einstein this analogue of traditional divinity might be called the Aquinas–Einstein singularity or symmetry.
2. The world is not designed, it evolves by variation and selection
In his Essay on Probabilities Pierre-Simon Laplace outlined the history of a deterministic world:
We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. An intellect which at a certain moment would know all forces that set nature in motion, and all positions of all items of which nature is composed, if this intellect were also vast enough to submit these data to analysis, it would embrace in a single formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the tiniest atom; for such an intellect nothing would be uncertain and the future just like the past could be present before its eyes. Laplace's demon - Wikipedia
Such an intellect could not be creative since any truly deterministic process is bound to identify the future with the past. Einstein’s feeling that god does not play dice suggests that he supported determinism in contrast to the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanical events like nuclear decay. This fundamental randomness is audible in the output of a Geiger counter. It may reflect the early structure free stage of the world.
The creative breakthrough came with Charles Darwin. He made an exhaustive study of variation in plants and animals. He realized that random variation opens a path to the creation of new species.
He knew nothing of genetics except that domesticated species breed relatively true while exhibiting enough variation to enable changes in domesticated species by the deliberate choice of breeding stock. He proposed a similar process in nature, natural selection.
Although the initial symmetry has agency its lack of structure means that it carries no information so has no control. Its actions are random in the beginning and gradually become subject to constraint as the entropy of the system increases and layers of structure emerge.
3. The axioms of quantum mechanics embrace all the possibilities of a logically consistent world.
In the nineteenth century mathematicians devoted a lot of energy to justifying the assumptions of the calculus invented by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz. The problem was to give meaning to the ideas of continuity and infinitesimal quantities. It had been known since antiquity that no rational number represents the square root of 2. This suggests that there are numbers between the rational numbers which must represent exceedingly small increments.
Georg Cantor turned this idea upside down with set theory. As the increments get smaller, the number of them must increase. Since we can always add 1 to an integral number to get a bigger number, there can be no largest integer. Cantor’s idea was to put all the integers in a set and invent a new symbol, the
Hebrew letter aleph ℵ with subscript 0 to represent the cardinal of this set.
We increase real numbers by adding infinitesimal intervals so he put them all in
a bigger set, and wrote its cardinal ℵ1. He saw no need to stop there, but formed a set of all the increments between the increments in the reals, ℵ2, and so on without end.
He proved that these new transfinite numbers exist, and being a theologian at heart, thought there must be a transfinite number available to represent the divinity. This led to a paradox. If his proof for the existence of the transfinite numbers is valid they have, like the integers, no largest member.
Set theory introduced other interesting paradoxes like Russell’s paradox about sets that are members of themselves. The source of the paradoxes was eventually diagnosed to be the ambiguities of natural language. This led to a program to express mathematics in pure logic which produced Whitehead and Russell’s Principia Mathematica (1910).
David Hilbert joined this quest and proposed that ideally mathematics would be consistent, complete and computable. In 1932 Kurt Gōdel sank Hilbert’s idea by showing, using the logical approach of Whitehead and Russell, that mathematics is incomplete. Alan Turing followed in 1936 with a proof that mathematics in incomputable.
One way to look at this situation is that true logical determinism is impossible.
In the first years of quantum mechanics Albert Einstein was responsible for some of the major developments of the theory, particularly the idea that electromagnetic radiation comprises the real particles we now know as photons.
He never seems to have been happy, however, with the probabilistic face of quantum theory. He expressed his dissatisfaction in his Herbert Spencer Lecture at Oxford University On the Method of Theoretical Physics (1933). Until the end of his life he tried to develop a continuous field theory which would yield fixed particles and something like quantum mechanics, but never succeeded.
One of his last efforts to discredit quantum theory was an attempt with Podolsky and Rosen to show that the theory is incomplete. Their discussion led to the identification of entanglement which Einstein called, very appropriately, spooky action at a distance. This ultimately leads us to the radical foundation of quantum theory.
In its early days quantum mechanics was concerned with low energy electromagnetic interactions which could be approximated quite closely without introducing the special theory of relativity. Higher energies and more precise measurements eventually made it necessary to embrace relativity to interpret observations in Minkowski space, motivating the development of quantum field theory, QFT.
Inspired by Newton and calculus, QFT treats spacetime as a continuum, leading to the appearance of spurious infinities in its mathematical treatment. This problem blocked progress for some time and was eventually overcome by the technique of renormalization. This made it possible for Tomonaga, Schwinger and Feynman to develop a viable theory of quantum electrodynamics.
The difficulties of QFT suggest that it is not yet the final theory. In 2000 the Clay Mathematics Institute in collaboration with the American Mathematical Society offered a million dollar prize (as yet unclaimed) for anyone who could produce a convincing logical computation in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the high energy branch of QFT which deals with the electroweak and strong forces. Carlson, Jaffe & Wiles: (2006)The Millennium Prize Problems
One strategy in the struggle to make sense of field theory was an axiomatic approach which clarified a lot of problems without solving them.
Streater and Wightman write:
Since in quantum mechanics observables are represented by hermitian operators which act on the Hilbert space of state vectors, one expects the analogue in relativistic quantum mechanics of a classical observable field to be a set of hermitian operators defined for each point of space-time and having a well defined transformation law under the appropriate group. Streater & Wightman (2000): PCT, Spin, Statistics and All That
This group includes the Lorentz transformation that takes care of relativistic invariance in inertial space. There are two problems. First, the overlying Hilbert space is also subject to the Lorentz transformation which destroys the linearity of quantum mechanics; and second it introduces continuity, calculus and the spurious infinities that have forced field theory to employ renormalization.
Fortunately, possibly in spite of himself, Einstein’s spooky action at a distance suggests a solution to these problems. It shows that Hilbert space is independent of Minkowski space. In 2008 Salart, Baas, Branciard, Gisin & Zbinden showed that spooky action at a distance works at many times the speed light. Rather than imagining that this spooky action moves at infinite speed, it is makes much more sense to accept that there is no space and time in Hilbert space. At the quantum level underneath Minkowski space, spooky action at a distance is going nowhere. The states of interest remain in contact. A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen (1935_03_25): Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?
Modern physics depends on the idea of symmetry. The key to symmetry is the absence of difference. I am more or less symmetrical to look at because there is very little difference between my left and right sides, they are mirror images of one another. The symmetry of inertial Minkowski space that gives us Einstein’s special theory arises because Maxwell’s equations, which led Einstein to special relativity, are really quantum mechanical inhabitants of Hilbert space.
So, in a nutshell, the universe creates itself as follows: the initial singularity is a dynamic intellectual (cognitive) entity capable of reflection, that is of mapping onto itself. Mathematical fixed point theorems that map sets onto themselves like Brouwer’s theorem, acting in a closed continuous convex topological space, create fixed points. Brouwer fixed point theorem - Wikipedia
Let us assume that two such fixed points, orthogonal to one another, form a qubit, a two dimensional Hilbert space. Since all elementary particles are either fermions or bosons, such a space may represent, when “observed” either a fermion or a boson. Qubit - Wikipedia
These particles are the root of Minkowski space. A massless boson (eg a photon) travelling at the speed of light follows a null geodesic, a path along which space and time cancel on another. A massive fermion on the other hand, controlled by the exclusion principle, needs a 3D Euclidean space to move freely. These two conditions are satisfied by the Minkowski metric. Minkowski space - Wikipedia
The abstract Hilbert space of quantum mechanics, of vectors vand scalars n, is defined by John von Neumann with three simple axioms: 1. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar, nv; 2. Addition of vectors v1 + v2 and an inner product (v , v) which yields a complex number which serves as a metric. John von Neumann (2018): Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
We may consider a vector in Hilbert space as a string of orthogonal symbols like a digital number or the bases of a gene. It is normalized, its inner product with itself is 1; the inner products of orthogonal vectors are 0. Given that we allow a countable number of complex vectors, a Hilbert space is big enough to represent any consistent discrete structure which may inhabit Hilbert’s world of mathematical formalism, that is every internally consistent set of symbols, including incompleteness and incomputability.
Conclusion: theology and the gnostic gap
By the term gnostic gap I mean the dichotomy between matter and spirit which has long bedevilled theology. Here we make a simple algebraic distinction: matter is represented by real numbers; spirit is represented by complex numbers. Quantum mechanics is spiritual insofar as it is founded on complex numbers. The gap between spirit and matter is bridged by hermitian or self-adjoint operators. Gnosticism - Wikipedia
In their book on quantum communication and quantum information Nielsen and Chuang introduce, by analogy with the binary digits used in classical computation, the qubit, a two dimensional Hilbert space which we often write φ = α|0⟩ + β|1⟩ , where α and β are complex numbers such that α2 + β2 = 1 and |0⟩and |1⟩ are the orthogonal basis states of the space. Nielsen & Chung (2016): Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
The tricky part of quantum mechanics is that when one observes a qubit φ all one ever sees is either |0⟩ or |1⟩ and repeated observations yield |0⟩ or |1⟩ at random in the proportions of α2 to β2. This probabilistic feature was at the root of Einstein’s objection to quantum mechanics and presents a barrier to implementing deterministic and reliable quantum computation.
As Nielsen and Chuang point out, there seems to be a lot of hidden information in a qubit. The fundamental linear operation in quantum mechanics is superposition, the side by side addition of two vectors.
This is how we understand the formation of an interference pattern in the two slit experiment. Since the waves travel different distances on their paths from the slits to the screen, they interfere constructively or destructively on their journeys to the screen creating dark or bright lines.
This process is executed by the self adjoint operators whose task is the invert the value of the complex component of a vector so that when it is added to itself its complex element is deleted and only the real element is left. This situation which holds whenever |0⟩ or |1⟩ is one and the other is zero so that all the information encoded in the complex elements of an unobserved vector is deleted.
This, in essence, is the mechanism of quantum mechanical selection which, while it delivers answers at random, delivers them nevertheless with extreme precision, as we see when measuring the spectra of atoms.
We might say that the spiritual element of the world is deleted when particles meet and observe one another, generating a real signal. As John S. Bell notes, the real is speakable; the spiritual is unspeakable from the point of view of an outside observer. John S Bell (1987): Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics
When particles are actually communicating, however, they are united in a complex tensor product space searching, we might say, for a real outcome. The mechanism is explained by Zurek in his paper Quantum origin of quantum jumps: breaking of unitary symmetry induced by information transfer and the transition from quantum to classical. Wojciech Hubert Zurek (2008): Quantum origin of quantum jumps: breaking of unitary symmetry induced by information transfer and the transition from quantum to classical
The radical step needed for clarity is to understand the gnostic gap mentioned above. In practice, we can recognize the quantum of action as as logical operator whose properties were clearly elucidated by Whitehead and Russell. Logical operations are inherently discrete [as are the bases of Hikbert space]. Whitehead & Russell (1910, 1962): Principia Mathematica (Cambridge Mathematical Library)
[Formal] Logic bridges the ‘divide’ between matter and spirit. As quantum information theory shows, quantum mechanics is a theory of communication and computation that fits neatly into modern theory. Hence the term Cognitive in my title. The statistics of quantum observations are the same as the statistics of the messages treated by Shannon’s mathematical theory of communication. See his Communcation in the presence of noise (1949). Claude Shannon (1949): Communication in the prsence of noise
The second step is to go back to the beginning, the Aquinas–Einstein symmetry (singularity), and build Hilbert space into this singularity. Here we may consider quantum mechanics as a free theory of cosmic genetics, exploring a space like Darwin’s variation to create a universe that fills the full space of possibility described by Hilbert’s formal mathematics. Hilbert's program - Wikipedia
By making quantum mechanics the independent source of Minkowski space and all who live in it (Cosmogenesis) we open a clear path to conceiving the physical Universe as the substance of the divine mind.
Monday 27 April 2026
Teeth (ie gums) hurting; early bed.
Tuesday 28 April 2026
Draft letter and post books with notes A Brief Peek, Physics in this book and Three Takeaways to Dr John Opie, Prof Antony Eagle ad Prom Christ Sumby c/o Adelaide University.
[page 85]
Points: honours and the discovery that theology is not considered a mainstream academic and my intention to change this.
Honours thesis (2019) Prolegomena to Scientific Theology: Jeffrey Nicholls (a1757019)
Mountains and Gravitation= mountains were places of power, not beauty, drawing us in, often t the cost of our lives. Jennifer Peedom, Willem Dafoe & Australian Chamber Orchestra (2017): Mountain
You will get the idea [of my obsession] from ABC Iview Mountain
Wednesday 29 April 2026
At last I have bitten the bullet and sent copies of my book to Physics [Computing and Philosophy] profs at AU, all of who are about 30 years younger than me. I just read through all the Blurbs again, ie on unitarity of QM and communication theory, on the error in QFT and on the selective dichotomy in quantum mechanics between real and complex numbers. I am taking shots in the dark, but I have a certain amount of faith in 60 years of trying to puzzle out quantum mechanics and the idea that complex numbers ≡ spiritual and real numbers ≡ material. Now I have to go back to L4L and rewrite the home page ten steps to a universe and the commentary on the 10 steps exposing the roles played by fermions and bosons in constituting Minkowski space.
[page 86]
The tooth business has been a bit painful and has coincided with a collapse in my share portfolio but this is working to force me to propagate my book and work toward selling 20k copies and getting an 80k$ payout next September. I wish, but it is a radical move to justify Galileo vs the two truth bullshit of the Roman Catholic church and also to upend particle physics and the Standard Model. Have I got this right?
[. . .]
Coco Chanel was an early branding genius, one of the first designers to put her initials all over her work so that everyone who wore it advertised herself as art of Chanel’s club.
Thursday 30 April 2026
Letter to receptionprofstandards@adelaide.catholic.org.au re Oder of Preachers. Followup mentioning meeting with PSO Tanja, 12 January 2023, 1.30 pm.
The Anglican Church is in many ways the most evolved church and could be exploited as a foundation for a radical revision in religion, truth and belief, moving away from the royal / imperial / theocratic model.
We are in heaven and hell already and it is up to us to materialize the collective heaven and minimize the collective hell. Life is what you make it.
[page 87]
Friday 1 May 2026
Dreaming of my Martin Luther moment vis a vis the Roman Catholic Church.
[. . .]
Saturday 2 May 2026
The Devil Wears Prada 2. The Devil Wears Prada 2 - Wikipedia
A further note to Cognitive Cosmogenesis:
Cognitive Cosmogenesis - On the physics herein
Modern physics began with Planck’s discovery in 1900 that radiation is emitted in discrete quanta which Einstein realized in 1905 were the real particles which explain the photoelectric effect and which were ultimately identified as photons. Planck's Law - Wikipedia
There followed about 30 years of laboratory and theoretical work which culminated in 1932 with the publication of John Von Neumann’s Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Von Neumann notes that in 1925 “it was clear beyond doubt that all elementary processes . . . obey the ‘discontinuous’ laws of quanta” (page 4)
“What was fundamentally of greater significance was that the general opinion in theoretical physics had accepted the idea that the principle of continuity (natura non facit saltus) prevailing in the perceived macroscopic world is merely simulated by an averaging process in a world which in truth is discontinuous in its very nature.” John von Neumann (2018): Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
Meanwhile, in the 19th century background mathematicians had been devoting enormous effort, through the study of the Fourier transformations of functions, to perfecting the ideas of continuity and the differential calculus (“the method of fluxions”) invented by Isaac Newton. Isaac Newton (1736, 2018): Treatise of the Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series, With its Application to the Geometry of Curve Lines. By Sir Isaac Newton: Translated From the Latin Original not yet Published
This led, among many other things, to Cantor’s invention of transfinite numbers and the emergence of mathematical paradoxes which greatly stressed the discipline. The source of the paradoxes was diagnosed to be the ambiguities of natural language. This led to a program to express mathematics in pure logic which culminated with Whitehead and Russell’s Principia Mathematica( 1910). Cantor's paradox - Wikipedia
David Hilbert joined this quest and proposed that ideally mathematics would be consistent, complete and computable. In 1932 Kurt Gōdel destroyed Hilbert’s idea by showing, using the logical approach of Whitehead and Russell, that mathematics is incomplete. Gödel's incompleteness theorems - Wikipedia
Alan Turing followed in 1936 with a proof that mathematics in incomputable. A valuable but problematic product of nineteenth century mathematics was Cantor’s idea of transfinite numbers. He shows the logical foundation for the increase of entropy arising from permutation and combination. Turing machine - Wikipedia
The third major ingredients in modern physics are Einstein’s special and general theories of relativity. These embedded the notions of determinism and continuous fields into physics.
This book, Cognitive Cosmogenesis, a systematic integration of theology and physics focuses on bridging the “gnostic gap” between physics and theology which is implicit in traditional theology. In brief: god is pure spirit; the physical world is made of matter. Spirit is inherently good; matter, particularly in the form of sinful flesh, is potentially bad.
This project had to overcome two errors built into quantum field theory consequent upon the brief history recounted above. First, in spite of von Neumann’s observation Minkowski space, the space developed by Einstein’s special theory of relativity, is considered to be continuous; and second the Hilbert space of quantum mechanics is considered to be overlaid on Minkowski space.
The assumption of continuity, via Cantor’s theory, introduces spurious infinities into quantum field theory which are completely alien to the discrete nature of the world and have to be dealt with by a dodgy mathematical fiction known as renormalization: when a parameter explodes to infinity we simply replace it with its measured value. Renormalization - Wikipedia
Second, and worse, the fundamental structure of quantum mechanics lies in the pure linearity of its mathematical foundation which is the simple addition of complex vectors known as superposition. The relevant theory is linear algebra.
By printing quantum mechanics on the quadratic Minkowski space this linearity is compromised. Dirac took a great step forward by ‘linearizing’ the Schrödinger equation by taking the square root of the momentum operator. This produced marvellous results but quantum field theory remains an uncomfortable pastiche of Hilbert space mingled with Minkowski space. Linear algebra - Wikipedia
The radical step needed for clarity is to dismiss the gnostic gap mentioned above, In practice, we can recognize the quantum of action as as logical operator whose deep structure and properties were clearly elucidated by Whitehead and Russell. Logical operations are inherently discrete.
Logic bridges the ‘divide’ between matter and spirit. As quantum information theory shows, quantum mechanics is a theory of communication and computation that fits neatly into modern theory (Nielsen and Chuang, 2016). Hence the term Cognitive in my title.
The second step is to go back to the beginning, what I now call the Aquinas–Einstein symmetry (singularity), and build Hilbert space into this singularity. Here we may consider quantum mechanics as a free theory of cosmic genetics, exploring a space like Darwin’s variation to create a universe that fills the full space of possibility described by Hilbert’s formal mathematics.
By making quantum mechanics the independent source of Minkowski space (Cosmogenesis) we open a clear path to conceiving the physical Universe as the substance of the divine mind.
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Further readingBooks
Alter (2004), Robert, The Five Books of Moses, W. W.Norton 2004 ' Through a distinguished career of critical scholarship and translation, Robert Alter has equipped ua to read thr Hebrew Bible as a powerful cohesive work of literature. In this landmark work, Alter's masterly translation and probing commentary combine to give contemporary readers the definitive edition of the Five Books of Moses.
Amazon
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Bell (1987), John S, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge University Press 1987 Jacket: JB ... is particularly famous for his discovery of a crucial difference between the predictions of conventional quantum mechanics and the implications of local causality . . . . This work has played a major role in the development of our current understanding of the profound nature of quantum concepts and of the fundamental limitations they impose on the applicability of classical ideas of space, time and locality.
Amazon
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Carlson (2006), James, and Arthur Jaffe & Andrew Wiles, The Millennium Prize Problems, ClayMathematics Institute and American Mathematical Society 2006
1: The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture: Andrew Wiles
2: The Hodge Conjecture: Pierre Deligne
3: The Existence and Smoothness of the Navier-Stokes Equation: Charles L Fefferman
4: The Poincare Conjecture: John Milnor
5: The P versus NP Problem: Stephen Cook
6: The Riemann Hypothesis: Enrico Bombieri
7: Quantum Yang-Mills Theory: Arthur Jaffe and Edward Whitten
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Newton (1736, 2018), Isaac, Treatise of the Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series, With its Application to the Geometry of Curve Lines. By Sir Isaac Newton: Translated From the Latin Original not yet Published, Gale ECCO 2018 ' The method of fluxions and infinite series with its application to the geometry of curve-lines / translated from the author's Latin original, not yet made publick ; to which is subjoin'd, A perpetual comment upon the whole work, consisting of annotations, illustrations, and supplements in order to make this treatise a compleat institution for the use of learners, by John Colson. 1736
Amazon
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Nielsen (2016), Michael A., and Isaac L Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press 2016 Review: A rigorous, comprehensive text on quantum information is timely. The study of quantum information and computation represents a particularly direct route to understanding quantum mechanics. Unlike the traditional route to quantum mechanics via Schroedinger's equation and the hydrogen atom, the study of quantum information requires no calculus, merely a knowledge of complex numbers and matrix multiplication. In addition, quantum information processing gives direct access to the traditionally advanced topics of measurement of quantum systems and decoherence.' Seth Lloyd, Department of Quantum Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Nature 6876: vol 416 page 19, 7 March 2002.
Amazon
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Streater (2000), Raymond F, and Arthur S Wightman, PCT, Spin, Statistics and All That, Princeton University Press 2000 Amazon product description: 'PCT, Spin and Statistics, and All That is the classic summary of and introduction to the achievements of Axiomatic Quantum Field Theory. This theory gives precise mathematical responses to questions like: What is a quantized field? What are the physically indispensable attributes of a quantized field? Furthermore, Axiomatic Field Theory shows that a number of physically important predictions of quantum field theory are mathematical consequences of the axioms. Here Raymond Streater and Arthur Wightman treat only results that can be rigorously proved, and these are presented in an elegant style that makes them available to a broad range of physics and theoretical mathematics.'
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von Neumann (2018), John, and Nicholas A. Wheeler (editor), Robert T Beyer (translator), Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Princeton University Press 2018 ' Quantum mechanics was still in its infancy in 1932 when the young John von Neumann, who would go on to become one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century, published Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics--a revolutionary book that for the first time provided a rigorous mathematical framework for the new science. Robert Beyer's 1955 English translation, which von Neumann reviewed and approved, is cited more frequently today than ever before. But its many treasures and insights were too often obscured by the limitations of the way the text and equations were set on the page. In this new edition of this classic work, mathematical physicist Nicholas Wheeler has completely reset the book in TeX, making the text and equations far easier to read. He has also corrected a handful of typographic errors, revised some sentences for clarity and readability, provided an index for the first time, and added prefatory remarks drawn from the writings of Léon Van Hove and Freeman Dyson. The result brings new life to an essential work in theoretical physics and mathematics.'
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Whitehead (1910, 1962), Alfred North, and Bertrand Arthur Russell, Principia Mathematica (Cambridge Mathematical Library), Cambridge University Press 1910, 1962 The great three-volume Principia Mathematica is deservedly the most famous work ever written on the foundations of mathematics. Its aim is to deduce all the fundamental propositions of logic and mathematics from a small number of logical premisses and primitive ideas, and so to prove that mathematics is a development of logic. Not long after it was published, Gödel showed that the project could not completely succeed, but that in any system, such as arithmetic, there were true propositions that could not be proved.
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Links
A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen (1935_03_25), Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?, ' In a complete theory there is an element corresponding to each element of reality. A sufficient condition for the reality of a physical quantity is the possibility of predicting it with certainty, without disturbing the system. In quantum mechanics in the case of two physical quantities described by non-commuting operators, the knowledge of one precludes the knowledge of the other. Then either (1)
the description of reality given by the wave function in quantum mechanics is not complete or (2) these two quantities cannot have simultaneous reality. Consideration of the problem of making predictions concerning a system on the basis of measurements made on another system that had previously interacted with it leads to the result that if (1) is false then (2) is also false. One is thus led to conclude
that the description of reality as given by a wave function is not complete. back |
Aquinas, Summa, I, 22, 3, Does God have immediate providence over everything?, ' I answer that, Two things belong to providence—namely, the type of the order of things foreordained towards an end; and the execution of this order, which is called government. As regards the first of these, God has immediate providence over everything, because He has in His intellect the types of everything, even the smallest; and whatsoever causes He assigns to certain effects, He gives them the power to produce those effects. Whence it must be that He has beforehand the type of those effects in His mind. As to the second, there are certain intermediaries of God's providence; for He governs things inferior by superior, not on account of any defect in His power, but by reason of the abundance of His goodness; so that the dignity of causality is imparted even to creatures.' back |
Aquinas, Summa, I, 3, 7, Is God altogether simple?, 'I answer that, The absolute simplicity of God may be shown in many ways.
First, from the previous articles of this question. For there is neither composition of quantitative parts in God, since He is not a body; nor composition of matter and form; nor does His nature differ from His "suppositum"; nor His essence from His existence; neither is there in Him composition of genus and difference, nor of subject and accident. Therefore, it is clear that God is nowise composite, but is altogether simple. . . . ' back |
BBC Teuters via KCNA, Kim Jong Un praises troops who 'self-blasted' to avoid capture by Ukraine, ' Kim Jong Un has praised North Korean soldiers who killed themselves by detonating their grenades while fighting for Russia against Ukraine, confirming a long-suspected battlefield policy.
In a speech this week, the North Korean leader said those who "unhesitatingly opted for self-blasting, suicide attack, in order to defend the great honour" were "heroes".
South Korea estimates at least 15,000 North Koreans have been sent to help Russia recapture parts of western Kursk, and more than 6,000 have been killed so far. Neither Pyongyang nor Moscow have confirmed the numbers.
Intelligence agencies and defectors have said the soldiers were under Pyongyang's orders to kill themselves rather than be taken prisoner by Ukraine.
"Their self-sacrifice expecting no compensation, and the devotion expecting no reward... This [is] the definition of the height of loyalty of our army," Kim said in Pyongyang on Monday as he unveiled a memorial for fallen troops, state media KCNA reported.
Russian Defence Minister Andrey Belousov and the speaker of Russia's parliament, Vyacheslav Volodin, were among those who attended the event.
In North Korea, soldiers are taught that being captured is an act of treason.
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Brouwer fixed point theorem - Wikipedia, Brouwer fixed point theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Among hundreds of fixed-point theorems] Brouwer's is particularly well known, due in part to its use across numerous fields of mathematics. In its original field, this result is one of the key theorems characterizing the topology of Euclidean spaces, along with the Jordan curve theorem, the hairy ball theorem, the invariance of dimension and the Borsuk–Ulam theorem. This gives it a place among the fundamental theorems of topology.' back |
Cantor's paradox - Wikipedia, Cantor's paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In set theory, Cantor's paradox is derivable from the theorem that there is no greatest cardinal number, so that the collection of "infinite sizes" is itself infinite. The difficulty is handled in axiomatic set theory by declaring that this collection is not a set but a proper class; in von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory it follows from this and the axiom of limitation of size that this proper class must be in bijection with the class of all sets. Thus, not only are there infinitely many infinities, but this infinity is larger than any of the infinities it enumerates.' back |
Catechism of the Catholic Church 100, Transmission of divine revelation, '100 The task of interpreting the Word of God authentically has been entrusted solely to the Magisterium of the Church, that is, to the Pope and to the bishops in communion with him.' back |
Claude Shannon (1949), Communication in the prsence of noise, 'A method is developed for representing any communication system geometrically. Messages and the corresponding signals are points in two “function spaces,” and the modulation process is a mapping of one space into the other. Using this representation, a number of results in communication theory are deduced concerning expansion and compression of bandwidth and the threshold effect. Formulas are found for the maximum rate of transmission of binary digits over a system when the signal is perturbed by various types of noise. Some of the properties of “ideal” systems which transmit at this maximum rate are discussed. The equivalent number of binary digits per second for certain information sources is calculated.' [C. E. Shannon , “Communication in the presence of noise,” Proc. IRE, vol. 37, pp. 10–21, Jan. 1949.] back |
Cosmic microwave background - Wikipedia, Cosmic microwave background - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. . . . The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.' back |
David French (2026_04_30), There’s a 900-Year-Old Answer to Our Most Modern Problem, ' Then, shortly before noon on April 17, 2025, Chad got the most ominous text of all: Phoenix asked how to disengage the safety on a shotgun. Chad answered, and less than three minutes later, Phoenix opened fire in the Florida State University student union, killing two people and injuring several others.
Everything about that story is true, according to officials, except for one crucial fact: The man accused in the shooting, Phoenix Ikner, wasn’t texting with a person named Chad, but rather with an entity we call Chat. He was speaking, as you may well have realized, with ChatGPT, the most popular artificial intelligence platform in the world.
[. . .]
The Florida State shooting isn’t even the only mass shooting in which ChatGPT played a role. On Feb. 10, an 18-year-old named Jesse Van Rootselaar was accused of killing eight people and injuring two others in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia.
[. . .]
Legal accountability is necessary, and legal accountability is coming for the A.I. industry, even in the absence of congressional legislation and presidential regulation. The common law is about to wallop the A.I. industry.
The common law is the term that applies to the web of civil and criminal law precedents that have emerged over centuries of English and American civilization. A shorter way of describing it is that common law is judge-made law, as opposed to statutes, which are laws passed by legislators.
Some scholars date its earliest development to the years after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, and many histories date its origin to the 12th century and the reign of King Henry II.
In case after case, English courts reached decisions that would be used as precedents in other cases until there was a complex web of precedent that defined both criminal and civil law. English common law then became the foundation of American common law, and the common law remains deeply influential in the United States.' back |
End time - Wikipedia, End time - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The End Time, End Times, or End of Days are the eschatological writings in the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) and in doomsday scenarios in various other non-Abrahamic religions. In Christianity, the End Times are often depicted as a time of tribulation that precedes the Second Coming of the Christian “saviour, or a “hoped-for deliverer”, Jesus, the Christian Messiah, who will usher in the Kingdom of God and bring an end to suffering and evil. In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Judgement", Allah's final assessment of humanity, is preceded by the end of the world. In Judaism the term “End of Days” is taken from the Tanakh, Numbers 24:4, as a reference to the Messianic era and the Jewish belief in the coming of Mashiach. Various other religions also have eschatological beliefs associated with turning and redemption.' back |
Everett, Calaessens, Knöchel & Reinecke (2026_04_29), Principles for understanding trust in artificial intelligence, ' Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly performs tasks once reserved for humans, raising questions about when, why and how people trust machines — and whether they should do so in the first place. In this Review, we identify six principles that help to structure an understanding of trust in AI and highlight its socially embedded nature: that trust in AI is inferred; that trustworthiness, trust and trusting behaviour are distinct; that trust in AI is about both morality and performance; and that trust in AI is agent-specific; individually variable; and strategically motivated. The inferred, multidimensional, dynamic and contextual nature of trust in AI illustrates that ‘trust in AI’ is not one thing, but varies across different systems, individuals and contexts. We end by considering broader ethical implications of studying trust in AI and argue that trust in AI requires both studying how people think and reflecting on the kind of world that trust in AI serves to create.
[. . .]
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the study of trust in AI must be placed in context. Fully understanding the behavioural science of trust in AI requires a consideration of interdisciplinary and critical perspectives on what trust does. Considering trust in isolation, away from the social and political context in which it occurs, risks unintentional ethics-washing by reinforcing a discursive space in which talking about how to increase trust in AI implicitly supports the idea that a world of algorithms is desirable in the first place. Understanding trust in AI requires not only studying how people think, but also reflecting on the kind of world that trust in AI serves to create.' back |
Expansion of the Universe - Wikipedia, Expansion of the Universe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The expansion of the universe is the increase in distance between gravitationally unbound parts of the observable universe with time.[1] It is an intrinsic expansion, so it does not mean that the universe expands "into" anything or that space exists "outside" it. To any observer in the universe, it appears that all but the nearest galaxies (which are bound to each other by gravity) recede at speeds that are proportional to their distance from the observer, on average. While objects cannot move faster than light, this limitation applies only with respect to local reference frames and does not limit the recession rates of cosmologically distant objects. ' back |
Gideon Levi (2026_04_30), Buying Stolen Ukrainian Wheat, Israel Continues a Legacy of Exceptionalism, How is it that Israel always places itself on the wrong side of history, of justice, of humaneness? How is it always with the bad guys? Why does it seem that it is driven by covetousness and deviousness, with the arrogant attitude that no one has the right to preach to it, because for it, everything is permitted?
It was hard to be surprised by the investigative report published this week by Avi Scharf (Haaretz, April 26). Israel is buying wheat from Russia that it has plundered from Ukraine. Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar blamed Ukraine for not submitting its protest on time. Soon Ukraine will be accused of antisemitism, just like other furious European countries have been. Europe will be scared and fall silent again, and Israel will continue to buy stolen wheat at bargain prices from ships that turn off their radios at sea in order to conceal their criminal activity. back |
Gnosticism - Wikipedia, Gnosticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: γνωστικός gnōstikós, "having knowledge") is a collection of ancient religious ideas and systems which originated in the first century AD among early Christian and Jewish sects. These various groups emphasised personal spiritual knowledge (gnosis) over orthodox teachings, traditions, and ecclesiastical authority. Gnostic cosmogony generally presents a distinction between a supreme, hidden God and a blind, malevolent demiurge responsible for creating the material universe. Viewing this material existence as flawed or evil, Gnostics considered the principal element of salvation to be direct knowledge of the supreme divinity in the form of mystical or esoteric insight. Many Gnostic texts deal not in concepts of sin and repentance, but with illusion and enlightenment.' back |
Gödel's incompleteness theorems - Wikipedia, Gödel's incompleteness theorems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Gödel's incompleteness theorems are two theorems of mathematical logic that establish inherent limitations of all but the most trivial axiomatic systems capable of doing arithmetic. The theorems, proven by Kurt Gödel in 1931, are important both in mathematical logic and in the philosophy of mathematics. The two results are widely, but not universally, interpreted as showing that Hilbert's program to find a complete and consistent set of axioms for all mathematics is impossible, giving a negative answer to Hilbert's second problem.
The first incompleteness theorem states that no consistent system of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an "effective procedure" (i.e., any sort of algorithm) is capable of proving all truths about the relations of the natural numbers (arithmetic). For any such system, there will always be statements about the natural numbers that are true, but that are unprovable within the system. The second incompleteness theorem, an extension of the first, shows that such a system cannot demonstrate its own consistency.' back |
Hilbert's program - Wikipedia, Hilbert's program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' In mathematics, Hilbert's program, formulated by German mathematician David Hilbert, was a proposed solution to the foundational crisis of mathematics, when early attempts to clarify the foundations of mathematics were found to suffer from paradoxes and inconsistencies. As a solution, Hilbert proposed to ground all existing theories to a finite, complete set of axioms, and provide a proof that these axioms were consistent. Hilbert proposed that the consistency of more complicated systems, such as real analysis, could be proven in terms of simpler systems. Ultimately, the consistency of all of mathematics could be reduced to basic arithmetic.' back |
Jennifer Peedom, Willem Dafoe & Australian Chamber Orchestra. (2017), Mountain, An exploration of our obsessions with high places and how they have come to capture our imagination, with an original score from the Australian Chamber Orchestra. (2017) back |
Laplace's demon - Wikipedia, Laplace's demon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' In the history of science, Laplace's demon was a notable published articulation of causal determinism on a scientific basis by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1814. According to determinism, if someone (the demon) knows the precise location and momentum of every particle in the universe, their past and future values for any given time are entailed; they can be calculated from the laws of classical mechanics.
We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. An intellect which at a certain moment would know all forces that set nature in motion, and all positions of all items of which nature is composed, if this intellect were also vast enough to submit these data to analysis, it would embrace in a single formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the tiniest atom; for such an intellect nothing would be uncertain and the future just like the past could be present before its eyes.'
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Linear algebra - Wikipedia, Linear algebra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning vector spaces and linear mappings between such spaces. It includes the study of lines, planes, and subspaces, but is also concerned with properties common to all vector spaces.
The set of points with coordinates that satisfy a linear equation forms a hyperplane in an n-dimensional space. The conditions under which a set of n hyperplanes intersect in a single point is an important focus of study in linear algebra. Such an investigation is initially motivated by a system of linear equations containing several unknowns. Such equations are naturally represented using the formalism of matrices and vectors.' back |
Martin Kear (2026_04_30), Dignity and resolve: Francesca Albanese’s When the World Sleeps humanises Palestinian lives, Review: Review: When the World Sleeps: Stories, Words, and Wounds of Palestine – Francesca Albanese (Hardie Grant)
'Francesca Albanese, an Italian lawyer and scholar, is the United Nations’ Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territories, comprising the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem. Her job is to report to the UN on the human rights situation in these territories.
Since its inception in 1993, the role of rapporteur has been controversial and at times adversarial. Previous appointees were regularly castigated by Israeli governments and pro-Israel lobby groups for their perceived biases against Israel.
The same is true for Albanese. Since she assumed her position in May 2022, she has been an outspoken and persistent critic of Israel’s occupation and especially its war on Gaza. She has argued that Israel’s actions amount to genocide.
As punishment for her efforts to expose persistent Israeli breaches of international humanitarian law, the US Department of Treasury has classified Albanese as a “specially designated national”. This prevents any US citizen and corporation from engaging with her. All of her US assets have been frozen.
Albanese is the first UN official to be sanctioned by the US Treasury – a fate she shares with Vladimir Putin, Bashar al-Assad, the late Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and the recently deposed president of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro. [. . .]
When the World Sleeps presents ten stories that aim to “grapple with the past and present of Palestine”. For readers unfamiliar with the exigencies of the Israel-Palestine conflict, these stories will make for uncomfortable and confronting reading.
According to Albanese, they are accounts from either “the ground-zero of genocide” or from those “forced to watch the atrocities unfold from afar.” Her assessment of what is happening to Palestinians, not just post-2023, but since 1948, will be viewed by some readers and commentators as controversial, even heretical. \. back |
Minkowski space - Wikipedia, Minkowski space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' By1908 Minkowski realized that the special theory of relativity, introduced by his former student Albert Einstein in 1905 and based on the previous work of Lorentz and Poincaré, could best be understood in a four-dimensional space, since known as the "Minkowski spacetime", in which time and space are not separated entities but intermingled in a four-dimensional space–time, and in which the Lorentz geometry of special relativity can be effectively represented using the invariant interval x2 + y2 + z2 − c2 t2.' back |
Planck's Law - Wikipedia, Planck's Law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' In physics, Planck's law describes the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths from a black body at temperature T. As a function of frequency ν. back |
Qubit - Wikipedia, Qubit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'A quantum bit, or qubit . . . is a unit of quantum information. That information is described by a state vector in a two-level quantum mechanical system which is formally equivalent to a two-dimensional vector space over the complex numbers.
Benjamin Schumacher discovered a way of interpreting quantum states as information. He came up with a way of compressing the information in a state, and storing the information on a smaller number of states. This is now known as Schumacher compression. In the acknowledgments of his paper (Phys. Rev. A 51, 2738), Schumacher states that the term qubit was invented in jest, during his conversations with Bill Wootters.' back |
Rebecca Seal & Benedict Alter (2022_06_240, How do painkillers actually kill pain? From ibuprofen to fentanyl, it’s about meeting the pain where it’s at, back |
Religious war - Wikipedia, Religious war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'A religious war or a war of religion, sometimes also known as a holy war (Latin: sanctum bellum), is a war and conflict which is primarily caused or justified by differences in religion and beliefs. In the modern period, there are frequent debates over the extent to which religious, economic, ethnic or other aspects of a conflict are predominant in a given war. The degree to which a war may be considered religious depends on many underlying questions, such as the definition of religion, the definition of 'war', and the applicability of religion to war as opposed to other possible factors.' back |
Renormalization - Wikipedia, Renormalization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Renormalization is a collection of techniques in quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, that are used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities by altering values of quantities to compensate for effects of their self-interactions. But even if it were the case that no infinities arose in loop diagrams in quantum field theory, it could be shown that renormalization of mass and fields appearing in the original Lagrangian is necessary.' back |
Salart, Baas, Branciard, Gisin & Zbinden (2008), Testing the speed of 'spooky action at a distance', ' Correlations are generally described by one of two mechanisms: either a first event influences a second one by sending information encoded in bosons or other physical carriers, or the correlated events have some common causes in their shared history. Quantum physics predicts an entirely different kind of cause for some correlations, named entanglement. This reveals itself in correlations that violate Bell inequalities (implying that they cannot be described by common causes) between space-like separated events (implying that they cannot be described by classical communication). Many Bell tests have been performed, and loopholes related to locality and detection have been closed in several independent experiments. It is still possible that a first event could influence a second, but the speed of this hypothetical influence (Einstein's 'spooky action at a distance') would need to be defined in some universal privileged reference frame and be greater than the speed of light. Here we put stringent experimental bounds on the speed of all such hypothetical influences. We performed a Bell test over more than 24 hours between two villages separated by 18 km and approximately east-west oriented, with the source located precisely in the middle. We continuously observed two-photon interferences well above the Bell inequality threshold. Taking advantage of the Earth's rotation, the configuration of our experiment allowed us to determine, for any hypothetically privileged frame, a lower bound for the speed of the influence. For example, if such a privileged reference frame exists and is such that the Earth's speed in this frame is less than 10(-3) times that of the speed of light, then the speed of the influence would have to exceed that of light by at least four orders of magnitude.' back |
Science - Wikipedia, Science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two – or three – major branches: the natural sciences, which study the physical world, and the social sciences, which study individuals and societies. While referred to as the formal sciences, the study of logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science are typically regarded as separate because they rely on deductive reasoning instead of the scientific method as their main methodology. Meanwhile, applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine.' back |
Standard model - Wikipedia, Standard model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory that describes three of the four known fundamental interactions between the elementary particles that make up all matter. It is a quantum field theory developed between 1970 and 1973 which is consistent with both quantum mechanics and special relativity. To date, almost all experimental tests of the three forces described by the Standard Model have agreed with its predictions. However, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions, primarily because of its lack of inclusion of gravity, the fourth known fundamental interaction, but also because of the large number of numerical parameters (such as masses and coupling constants) that must be put "by hand" into the theory (rather than being derived from first principles) . . . ' back |
The Devil Wears Prada 2 - Wikipedia, The Devil Wears Prada 2 - Wikipedia, the dree encyclopedia, ' The Devil Wears Prada 2 is a 2026 American comedy drama film directed by David Frankel and written by Aline Brosh McKenna. A sequel to the 2006 film The Devil Wears Prada, it sees Meryl Streep, Anne Hathaway, Emily Blunt, and Stanley Tucci reprising their roles, with Justin Theroux, Lucy Liu, Simone Ashley, and Kenneth Branagh joining as new additions.' back |
Thomas Clements (2026_04_29), Were enormous octopuses apex predators in ancient oceans?, ' In artistic reconstructions of these ancient oceans, cephalopods – the animal group that includes squid, cuttlefish, octopuses, and their ancestors – are almost always portrayed as prey, often seen desperately swimming away from the jaws of a marine reptile to avoid becoming lunch.
However, a remarkable new fossil suggests our view of the ancient oceans is incomplete, and that giant octopuses, perhaps reaching as long as 19m (62ft), may have been the ones doing the hunting.
The fossil in question is a giant octopus jaw, belonging to a new species called Nanaimoteuthis haggarti. It is found in Late Cretaceous rocks of Japan, making it between 100 million and 72 million years old.
Like other cephalopods, octopuses have a hard beak that looks like a parrot’s bill, used to bite and tear prey, and this fossil example is enormous – larger than that of the famous giant squid Architeuthis.
Based on the shape and size of the beak, Shin Ikegami, from Hokkaido University, Japan, and colleagues, identify it as belonging to the Cirrata, a group of finned octopuses still found today in the deepest oceans. They estimate that the animal may have reached between seven and 19 metres in length. Details have been published in the journal Science. [. . .]
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Turing machine - Wikipedia, Turing machine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' A Turing machine is a hypothetical device that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. Despite its simplicity, a Turing machine can be adapted to simulate the logic of any computer algorithm, and is particularly useful in explaining the functions of a CPU inside a computer.
The "machine" was invented in 1936 by Alan Turingwho called it an "a-machine" (automatic machine). The Turing machine is not intended as practical computing technology, but rather as a hypothetical device representing a computing machine. Turing machines help computer scientists understand the limits of mechanical computation.' back |
Wojciech Hubert Zurek (2008), Quantum origin of quantum jumps: breaking of unitary symmetry induced by information transfer and the transition from quantum to classical, 'Submitted on 17 Mar 2007 (v1), last revised 18 Mar 2008 (this version, v3))
Measurements transfer information about a system to the apparatus, and then further on – to
observers and (often inadvertently) to the environment. I show that even imperfect copying essential in such situations restricts possible unperturbed outcomes to an orthogonal subset of all possible states of the system, thus breaking the unitary symmetry of its Hilbert space implied by the quantum superposition principle. Preferred outcome states emerge as a result. They provide framework
for the “wavepacket collapse”, designating terminal points of quantum jumps, and defining the
measured observable by specifying its eigenstates.' back |
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