natural theology

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VII Notes

2010

Notes

[Sunday 20 June 2010 - Saturday 26 June 2010]

[Notebook: DB 69 Creation]

[page 90]

Sunday 20 June 2010

In quantum mechanics, operators in effect shift probabilities between the basis vectors of the operator. This means favouring one process over another, so we may imagine an operator that transforms me from scratching my head to to writing, while maintaining the probability that I am doing something at 1. The rate of change between distinguishable entities (in quantum mechanics) is a linear function of energy. Particles (eg photons) increase their energy by falling through a potential, ie moving in the direction dictated by the potential, so that their total (K + V) remains constant, independent of what one is actually doing, so energy is not coupled to particular forms except where these forms are stationary states. Waffle waffle. I remain meandering in a sea of possibilities, but the network layering idea always seems to be shining in the background, each dimension acting as a new layer, beginning with 0D = classical God, 1D = quantum mechanics.

Both potential and kinetic energy have mass and momentum are are not seen differently by general relativity.

[page 91]

We want to think of general relativity as a thory of epistemological principle, that in some way cannot be otherwise. Here might be the link to quantum mechanics, which is a theory of communication. What is truth in this context? General covariance says that truth is a relationship between two entities whose whole contentis relative to these two entities and remains unchanged as we change the reference frame in which they are visialized.

Natural religion is the true foundation of ecumenism, ie it looks the same from all 'parochial' religious viewpoints. Longley page 47. Longley

My greatest pleasure is just sitting here loving you It is a feeling of completeness that probably has its roots in reproductive success which is one of the crowning glories of life in an error prone world where we are able to prduce perfect copies of ourselves to continue the species as we face the inevitable downhill run to death.

". . . as society founded on being itself rather than not being something else.' So we want to see natural religion as natural religion, not as non-Catholicism, non-Anglicanism, non-Hinduism etc, each of these religions being a break in the universal symmetry of natural religion.

Longley was aware of the depth and power of religious feeling, stronger than death. What is the difference between religious martyrdom and death in war? One might say that martyrs die for an abstract (and therefore possibly inconsistent with the world) rather than a concrete reality, as with soldier fighting to increase the overall fitness of their nation. Both are connected of course, because nations are conceived in a religious context.

[page 92]

What is the origin of the need to tell? We can see it as a source of fitness when we see some members of a group acting as lookouts, explorers, seers, etc telling the others what they see: enemy coming, to the fort; good grazing over the hills; you'll all be doomed if you do not obey God, etc.

Hume: . . . natural religion Hume David Hume

The exploration is done, for the time being and it is time for me to retire to my study and write up my discoveries. In my non-geographic like of work, exploration and writing are slmost the same thing, since one is exploring the infinite landscape of sentences trying to find symmetries,ie different expressions of the same idea. So all human religions are different expressions of natural religion. The militaristic elements of Catholicism are essential to an organization trying to achieve dominance by claiming the space occupied by others. So natural religion can strive for market share through the theology company. By making our capitalist lusts explicit we also expose the same lust in our successful competitors who have become wealthy through trading doctrine for money.

Among the sentences to be explored are the writings of quantum mechanics and relativists as well as theologians, novelists and poets. Poetry treating language as a concrete system in itself rather than as a purely abstract system of representation [mathematics].

The rules of both continuous and discrete mathematics are analogous, the logical calculus applied to variously axiomatized sets of points. Whereas mathematics can freely imagine sets of any cardinality, physics must begin with a set of cardinal q and build its structure from there

[page 93]

through a set of formally consistent sentences (equations). A sentence is something that can be judged true or false relative to some other sentence. A consistent story of the Universe is a consistent set of sentences isomorphic to the fixed points of universal dynamics.

Hayabusa: My mascot: many troubles but home at last. Hayabusa - Wikipedia

Can I claim a prima facie consistent union of quantum mechanics and gravitation? Quantum mechanics defines a set of algorithms represented by the eigenfunctions of operators. Relativity does nor see the details of these functions, only energy, that is their rate of execution. We need no graviton because the Universe of gravitation and quantum mechanics both have zero size.

What can we say about logical consistency and the solutions of polynomial equations i => 0aixi = 0.

The religious watchword is ecumenism; the religious stumbling block is entrenched tradition. The rate at which this tradition changes will depend upon the force that is exerted upon it.

Longley page 51: 'The anti-British component in Irish identity is much deeper than say, the Canadian insistence that they are not American. It is as deep as religion.'

There is a lot of talk about science and Catholicism being able to coexist, but that is not possible in areas where they contradict one another, and their fundamental contradiction is exhibited in the different attitudes to God, conceived as the source and criterion of truth.

[page 94]

God is the starting point of episemology ()we take this as a definition)

TRUTH = UNITY, CONSISTENCY

Consistency is our only criterion of truth. There is something false about every inconsistency.

Longley page 51: 'The British today have difficulty understanding that the Protestant Reformation was only imposed upon the British people of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries against their will by considerable force over a long period.' Longley is Catholic, but religious change, like all motion, requires a dynamic explanation, a force.

Identity: a complete specification of an individual leaf on the universal tree.

How does natural religion worship: by faith in the products of the past, hope for the production of the future, and sharing the energy of love that creates the future from the past. Longley page 58: 'In Dr Runcie's terms, the cement that holds a communion together is something called interdependence in English, κονονία in Greek and communio in Latin - as he says commitment to a common faith and life.' Entanglement, common history.

Communication creates distinct entities with a common history. [Hilbert space: state; 4-space: thing.]

'International Church Government' = international doctrinal control is unnecessary in natural religion because it has the Universe as its Bible and the scientific method for its exegesis.

[page 95]

'When we are together" (ie the obstacles to unity have been overcome) talk inspires the energy to overcome to obstacles, tunnelling through them or leaping over them to the more attractive state beyond.

Inertial vs forced. Nothing sees force in pure gravitation, the neighbourhood of every point (event) id inertial, and so gravitation is purely kinetic, akin to the quantum version of the initial singularity in which observation does not exist. Catholic theology introduces observation by the procession of the Word. This sentence seems more solid each time I say it. General covariance implies a force free environment - no system has a means to enforce its will on its neighbours. The structure we see is a structure of free agents, all equally valid interpretations of reality. Selection is yet to enter. It comes with space, where there is a fixed volume of resource valuable for acquiring even more of itself, leading to accretion in one form or another.

Anglicanism page Longely page 160: why bind?

The Third Testament TTT (we like Ts and 8s)

One generates new ideas by being an exceptionalism, but propagates them by merging with the mainstream.

Longely page 69: 'Any commercial organization, finding its sales continually reduced would either prepare itself for ultimate disaster or take steps to improve its products and its marketing.'

Ultimately the fixity of doctrine is represented by the fixity of the minds in which the doctrines are embodied, and it is here that force is required to change minds.

[page 96]

FORCE = ACCELERATION = CHANGE OF ENRGY / PROCESSING RATE
NO FORCE = VELOCITY = CONSTANT ENERGY / PROCESSING RATE

I am a channel through which the Universe communicates with itself, a closed circuit (massive object) in the universal process so stationary and observable.

Love is a potential strong enough to drive the life and death processes of romance.

Longley page 77: 'If public leadership is to e exercised beyond the confines of a particular denomination, it will necessarily have to be done on terms set by the needs of the mass media. While in practice that is likely to be the last of the churches' concerns, it is on such considerations that the success of the venture will depend.'

Natural religion = the broadest Church.

Longley page 82: 'The sharing of one church by all shades of opinion was a device of government for the peace of the realm, not a profound religious insight.'

Maybe the most profound insight. The Church of Natural Religion (CNR) embraces all events in the Universe, including people.

Church is like a club [mutual support and entertainment].

Longley page 83: '. . . a whole generation of Anglican liberal theologians in the universities has grown old without a generation

[page 97]

younger men and women of bright minds to follow them.'

Longley page 84: '. . . the Anglican Way has succumbed at last to its own sharpest instrument, Occam's Razor: those ideas which are not necessary should be abandoned. But it deserves a generous obituary when the time comes. It was a most civilized and decent way of faith.'

Only the wrong faith.

Longley page 127: 'Recognition that Anglican priests were, in Roman Catholic eyes, properly and validly ordained would be a breakthrough in relations between the two churches.'

The Theology Company: Consultant Ecumenists.

Longely page 126: 'Church unity, wrote Peter Nichols, is still "not yet afloat on that limitless ocean which is tantalizingly near". Nichols

Longley page 129: 'But ecumenism really is a waste of time if there is no Christian generosity, no willingness to look again at previous decisions in the light of new evidence and arguments.

page 132: 'Many solutions have been suggested in the past, but there is one that has not so far been tried, using an individual test-case.' Concrete determinism.

General covariance applies at every level, the alphabet of a level being completely decoupled from the structures expressed in that alphabet, ie the specification of a structure is indifferent to the meanings given to different letters of the alphabet in different transformations of the representation of structure. General covariance = universality.

[page 98]

We can only make tensors using computable functions, ie in real life abstract tensors are represented as physical Turing machines.

Longley page 134: 'There is no genuine theological debate because there is no agreed and available method of conduction it.

'The movement for natural religion'.

Monday 21 June 2010

'The Tablet' The Tablet

'Familiaris Consortio' John Paul II

Longley page 158: '. . . Catholicism is an earnest sort of religion which has the temerity, in secular English eyes, to believe itself to be true.'

page 165: '. . . nowhere in the Bible is it laid down that priests have to be full-time celibate professional men.

Elie Wiesel. Elie Wiesel - Wikipedia

Longley page 169: 'Jewish survivors of the concentration camps know very well that what happened to them under the Nazis was only worse than but not really different in kind from, what happened to them before under Christianity.

page 171: 'No church likes losing a member to another, but they can all agree on four things: every religion and every church has the right to state its case. provided it

[page 99]

does so honestly; every individual has a right and duty to follow his (sic) conscience where it leads him; no one is barred from salvation because his faith has the wrong brand label; and conversion is more about seeking a deeper relationship with God than about changing labels.

Longley page 175: 'The refusal of the Holy See to recognise the State of Israel is one of the three or four major grievances that Jews have toward Christians. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs

page 176: '. . . for it is states which are recognized by other states, not governments.'

The Vatican's obdurate defiance of reality in its attitudes to women, sexulaity and reproduction neutralize any claim that the Church might have to global policing of human intimate behaviour. It rules itself out by demandinfg that its executives be celibate, thus denying them any practical experience of the issues for which it purports to make the rules.

In Praise of Natural Religion, re Hume William Edward Morris, James Fieser

Writing as mediation: Natural religion is a matter of State.

The Role of science . . . forgotten it in State Religion.

Longley page 177: ''Religion greatly complicates the difficulties of Israel's relations with her Muslim neighbours, just as it complicates its relations with the Palestinians; from some perspectives the religious issues are the most fundamental of all. This is an ideal situation for the intervention of the third faith [science and natural religion]

[page 100]

which is committed to peace, human justice and reconciliation, which has no political stake in the region, and which in the case of the Holy See,has vast diplomatic experience and a worldwide network of friendly contacts. Not to intervene as fully as possible in the attempt to find solutions to such religio-political conflicts, while being prepared to take a presence on the stage after they are resolved, would make nonsense of the Holy See's reasons for having a diplomatic service in the first place.'

The Catholic Church is a global organization which happens to market a set of beliefs, many of which are crap. The organization is a valuable property,whose owners can easily change the market mix of beliefs. So a takeover would be a much simpler way to market dominance. Buit how to do it? First the organization taking over must have developed itself as a serious player in the religion industry and this will take capital.

On State Religion. Here is an idea that should be in the public domain. The United States Constitution . . . Unites States of America

I cannot take over the Church myself,but I can manage it by creating an alternative government, a State Religion to govern the behaviour of States which are states of humanity in the quantum mechanical sense. Human individuals are dimensions (degrees of freedom) on this state,which can be encoded ion a transfinite Hilbert space which is more easily visualized as a network of computers (transformers of memory).

We begin with the meaningless statement A map of a compact, convex set onto itself contains a stationary point. If the Universe maps onto anything it by

[page 101]

definition maps onto itself, since there is nothing outside itself.The Universe is by definition isolated. Some theologians propose two isolated systems, God and the Universe, but this Universe is not really isolated, being in communication with God.

Longley page 190: 'To the Jews of Europe Christianity was not a religion of the love of God but a religion of hostility towards Jews. A Christian chapel in Auschwitz, now topped by a cross, feels to them like an attempt to hound the dead oven beyond the grave -- or even to celebrate Jewish extermination as a kind of Christian triumph.' scapbookpages.com

Longely page 183: 'Ecclesiology is the theology of the structure and nature of the Church as an organism . . . Reception means the process by which a new doctrinal development, such as the ordination of women [or natural theology] gradually soaks in until people can no longer remember not believing it; or doesn't soak in.'

κοινωνία [koinonia] = symmetry, protocol Koinonia - Wikipedia

Longley page 186: 'The definition of the word is becoming more precise as it is used, and as ecclesiastical institutions reflect on what it tells them about themselves. It refers to the quality of their inner relationships, the bonds and commitment . . . '

Scientific faith: the world is consistent and therefore makes sense if we look at it properly, using the right eigenfunctions which spring from the right operators. Religious faith: the Bible, despite its internal inconsistencies and inconsistencies with modern reality.

[page 102]

Local autonomy can only produce unity in the presence of a global protocol which we here call natural religion or state religion, being peculiar to the state layer of human networking, the states being the entities that engage in (religious) war. All wars, we say, are products of state religion.

Symmetry is the source of local autonomy, since the local particles of a symmetry are not hierarchically organized.

Natural religion: sex, music, sport etc are all part of it including morality, fairness and government.

Resurrection: The Christian Shock. What is the modern equivalent: that we grow from the world and die back into it after our life as a divinity.

No anathematization without trial.

Tuesday 22 June 2010

Longley: 'The most common misconception of Christianity in Britain today is that it is about salvation by good works, the doctrine named Pelagianism after a characteristically British heretic of the time of DSt Augustine. . . . The opposing and orthodox doctrine, salvation by grace, dismissed any possibility that a person can earn a ticket to heaven by good behaviour.' page 212 Pelagius - Wikipedia

This is the radical error of Christianity, which, like all dictatorships, relies on disempowering people in order to maintain its own power. In addition, it eschews dynamism ('works') in favour of formalism ('grace'), thus exploiting the power given to the ruling class by their

[page 103]

ability to write and read.

Longley page 222: 'Luther taught that man's nature was so utterly depraved and corrupt that no good act could have merit in the eyes of God; all virtues scored zero, as did all vices.'

Christians reasonably fear the theory of evolution because it introduces complexity and doubt into their simplistic model of God and Creation. We can say that these ideas, conceived thousands of years ago are good as far as they go, but their opposition to evolution is unfounded because it is in effect a kinematic description of how God creates itself. What is missing is the dynamics of Creation. Christian thinkers swept the question under the carpet by hiding the answer inside an alien God who is considered to be a complete mystery to us.

It is not good to get your pleasure by torturing people, which nevertheless is a persistent tendency in human nature stretching from the Pop-e (Prince of Peace) down to the rest of us, accepted as a proper way to treat 'enemies' (however defined). The Church has tried to avoid responsibility for its violence by the doctrine of the 'secular arm' that actually does the job (burning witches, for instance), but we know where the orders come from and although it may not be a defence to say that you were commanded to commit murder, the commander itself has no defence, murder being murder.

The power of religion lies in its ability to sanction killing. All wars are religious, and we take this proposition as a definition (duality) of both religion and war. To define is to represent the same structure in different words, so we define a state by the product of covariant and contravariant vectors. If ψ is covariant, does that make ψ* contravariant? [their product being |ψ|2]

[page 104]

We might think of a sentence as a line, requiring a sentence and its dual to define a point.

Freethinker: The National Secular Society. We must ask for a hearing, and even pay by money or flatter. National Secular Society

Natural Religion: The Real Thing, based an real experiences of human life.

Longley page 243: 'The present state of R[eligious] E[ducation] is not an educational Promised Land where all the difficulties have been solve. it is much more the reflection of a religiously confused society which does not know what it wants its children to believe and is therefore prepared to settle for the kind of RE which ducks that very question.'

Because all the religions are intellectually and scientifically full of rubbish.

'Indoctrination'. Indoctrination - Wikipedia Longley page 256: 'The average [Canadian Anglican] churchgoer saw himself as a consumer of religion, . . . much as he might consider goods and services of other more material kinds.'

Corporate religion for money is simony, quite possibly a good thing, since it carries with it the promise of guarantees, consider protection and public accountability.

The doctrine of Original Sin biasses us to think that everything we do naturally is probably a sin. Just the opposite of reality.

[page 105]

Another plank in the Roman Catholic Church disempowerment of humanity.

The sexual perversions of the Church, bad as they are, are as nothing compared to its intellectual, moral and spiritual perversion.

Longely page 277: 'In principle, Islam makes no distinction between church and state, between temporal and spiritual.' Really?

Natural religion embraces everybody.

'The saving grace of Anglican bishops is that they do not take themselves too seriously. It is the least fanatical of religions, hence one of the most civilized.' Longley page 325.

Church Times: Church Times

Church of England Newspaper ChurchNewspaper.com

The Universe Gabriel Communications Limited Communications Limited

Catholic Herald Catholic Herald Limited

The Tablet The Tablet

The Methodist Recorder The Methodist Recorder

The Baptist Times The Baptist Times

Jewish Chronicle The Jewish Chronicle

God = {God, devil}

Longley page 334: Revised English Bible 24 June 1989. Revised English Bible

'oportet distinguere' - distinguish = introduce a new degree of freedom. One might see Dirac's equation as recognizing the spin and antiparticle degrees of freedom. We imagine that the Universe grows a degree of freedom at a time, beginning with time, which is not so much a degree of freedom as a monotonically increasing parameter (at least in

[page 106]

space-time). Without space (memory) one cannot ascribe a direction to time. So some processes are reversible (in the deterministic sense of being able to run backwards) whereas others are not. Division is the inverse of multiplication, but the algorithm for division dopes not look like the inverse of multiplication (in its digital representation). But maybe we can do them in memory by reversible sequences of shift and add. Except that adding two values gives a result that does not fully constrain its inputs, so cannot reproduce them exactly, eg 2 = 0+2 = 1+1 etc. Reversibility requires constant entropy, which implies neither increasing nor decreasing the degrees of freedom (and the resolution in the degrees of freedom) of the system.

What about the degrees of freedom of quarks and gluons. Quark - Wikipedia Gluon - Wikipedia

PARTICLE = STATIONARY POINT (POTENTIAL?) = FORM - OBSERVABLE
FIELD = UNOBSERVABLE DYNAMICS = ACTION

Each orbit in an atom has a certain potential energy that canbe increased and descreased by the absorption or emission of photons. The orbits are an alphabet of fixed points corresponding to eigenvalues of the relevant energy operaror, which will have at least countably infinite dimensions to accommodate the natural number series of principal quantum numbers.

Exploring the territory around new_creation which needs to be written soon otherwise the ingredients will go stale. Since things seem to be moving along smoothly and will never stop, it would be nice to issue a progress report ever six months or so - 12/1/2010 --> 12/7/2010.

So all the exploration about how to propagate a new idea is hypothesized on the existence of a product to market. A product is an embodied from that does something: cup, can opener, theology, religion. A theology is a set of sentences

[page 107]

that explain our role in the Universe = god. So, as in Thomas, it requires a theory of God, A theory of creation (Prima pars) and then a theory of how to behave, given the natural and revealed propensities of the Universe. From a cosmic perspective the story of the Fall and the Redemption looks pretty pathetic, but it is simply a dramatized version of the universal process of falling into error and recovering. Salvation = error correction. I only need saving when the situation is beyond my control, something I sedulously avoid if there is any danger from loss of control (as in a moving vehicle or any other high energy situation).

Homer: 'singing the famous deeds of men' mostly in battle but sometimes in gentler forms of persuasion.' Homer

Wednesday 23 June 2010

On seeing the Universe as a computer network

The radical problem with the ancient theologies and religions is their misunderstanding of the nature of God. Due to politically motivated historical accidents, the idea took hold that God, the Creator and Sustainer who gives meaning to life exists outside the Universe. Here we examine the simpler hypothesis that God and the Universe are the same thing. From the scientific point of view the Universe did create us, and we describe the process of Divine creation with the term evolution.

Expansion driven by vacuum energy may seem weird, but the only questions we need ask are is the hypothesis self-consistent? Is it consistent with observation?

[page 108]

What is observation? From a macroscopic point of view is a transducer which transforms some natural; phenomenon into human readable form, like the position of a pointer on a dial. Macroscopically, everything is transformed onto space-time and we measure it there.

In computer terms, spacetime is the bus across which all processes in the Universe, described by quantum mechanics, communicate. One consequence of this view is that while we can apply Lorentz transformations to events projected onto four space, we do not carry them inside the Hilbert spaces from which the events are an output.

Like a baby gaining motor skills, learning to project its internal states onto space-time motions of its body.

Master plan: Take over the administration of the Roman Catholic Church and gradually introduce a new doctrinal foundation which will subtly influence governance and attitudes to human nature.

The Lay Takeover

'Your children are not your children' Gibran . . . A new degree of freedom. Khalil Gibran - Wikipedia

The communication approach grants autonomy to the invisible (Hilbert) nodes, whereas the field idea invades the privacy of individual systems, as we might expect from a formalism that claims to be deterministic. Systems are locally deterministic; indeterminism is introduced by [network communication]. All quantum indeterminisms may be projected onto time.

[page 109]

In the beginning there was the Initial Singularity. And the Initial Singularity became the heavens and the Earth and every other thing, material and spiritual.

The Ancient and Medieval Christian theology divides reality into Matter and Sp[irit. At the extreme of spirituality we find God, then the Angels which are pure Spirits small than God, and then ourselfes, who are Spirits in a Material Body and at the bottom of the heap purely material entities, the least of which Scholastic theologians called 'prime matter' (materia prima.

Einstein world / Hilbert world. Thje distinctions connect in a vague wau to the ancient dichotomy material world / spiritual world.

'A product, a plan, cash and customers'. AGX Chairman's Report 2010. Agenix Limited

Thursday 24 June 2010

Oxytocin and conflict S 328:1408. De Dreu

How do you measure the productivity of theological research? What are the benefits of theological research: human integration into the biosphere, ie biosphere / noosphere integration. Noosphere is our highest level of integration, and as such it contains (uses) all lower levels.

All these words must eventually merge into a political platorm which may be seen as neo-theocratic and embracing a natural theology as the description of the noosphere upon which we base our policy.

[page 110]

The Natural Platform: something on which we can al agree. The work of every individual (baring terrorists) adds order and cohesion to the overall system; our fundamental examples may be in terms of housework, ie domesticity. The Natural Party: The Natural: we are above Party [or is it below?].

Church: the source of knowledge, eg Mosque [university department, journal, book etc etc]

The entry of politics and economics into this discussion is both theoretical and practical, since we are practically seeking support to research a theoretical model of human practice.

Control of the Anglican Church might be a step on the way to control of the Catholic Church.

I've got my platform back! [the first step to activism, ie what do I want?]

The Natural believes in Theocracy with two twists: the Universe is Divine; and our policies are statistical rather than deterministic, no force, only persuasion [which is simply a force in a different layer!].

One becomes enthusiastic about a good work when it appears to become possible, ie one sees the outlines of an algorithm to achieve it.

John Milton in Kitcher S 318:1230: 'And though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be in the field we do vigorously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew the Truth put to

[page 111]

the wrong in a free and open encounter. Aereopagita: Kitcher, John Milton, John Milton - Wikipedia

Friday 25 June 2010

Darwin page 30: 'We cannot suppose that all the breeds were suddenly produced as perfect and as useful as we now see them: indeed in several cases we know that this has not been their history. The key is man's power of accumulative selection: nature gives successive variations; man adds them up in certain directions useful to him.' Darwin

From random walk to directed journey. [ie man establishes a potential that guides the action].

page 36: 'We see the value set on animals even by the barbarians of Tierra del Fuego by their killing and devouring their old women, in times of dearth, as of less value than their dogs.' (?) Charles Darwin

page 38: 'And in two countries very differently circumstances, descendants of the same species, having slightly different constitutions or structure would often succeed better in one country than in another, and thus by a process of "natural selection", as will hereafter be more fully explained, two sub breeds might be formed.'

So with the export of Irish-Roman Catholicism to Australia where its impact with an entirely different environment has enabled the clear appreciation of how truth and falsehood have been mixed into a potent political brew, and to see also how to fix it by assuming that the Universe is divine and going on to assume that all experience, no matter whether it is measured with a heart or a cyclotron, is experience of God.

[page 112]

Darwin page 39: 'But to use such an expression as trying to make a fantail, is, I have no doubt, in most cases, utterly incorrect. The man who first selected a pigeon with a slightly larger tail, never dreamed what the descendants of that pigeon would become through long continued partly unconscious and partly methodical selection.'

. . .

Selection applies at all levels, applying negative feedback to the positive feedback of exponential reproduction through the constraint of limited resources for the physical realization of the competing structures (eg animals, nation-states).

Darwin page 41: But probably the most important point of all, is, that the animal or plant should be so highly useful to man, or so much valued by him, that the closest attention should be paid to even the slightest deviation in the qualities or structure of each individual.

Evolution is the physical embodiment of intellectual creation, which is itself physically embodied.

Darwin page 44: 'Generally the term [species] includes the unknown element of a distinct act of creation.'

We separate species by something like Hamming distance, looking for differences in different directions, tooth by tooth,

[page 113] gene by gene, etc. Hamming distance - Wikipedia

Darwin page 57: 'Owing to this struggle for life, any variation, however slight and from whatever cause proceeding, if it be in any degree profitable to an individual of any species, in is infinitely complex relations to other organic beings and to external nature, will tend to the preservation of that individual, and will generally be inherited by its offspring.'

Evolution is concrete, physically embodied creation.

'. . . Natural Selection, as we shall hereafter see, is a power incessantly ready for action, and is immeasurably superior to man's feeble efforts, as are the works of Nature to those of Art.'

Darwin page 74: 'Hence it is quite credible that the presence of a feline animal on large numbers in a district might determine through the intervention of mice and then of bees the frequency of a certain flower in the district.'

Darwin page 84: 'It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinizing, throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; . . . '

page 86: 'laws of correlation' - these become Turing machines in the network.

[page 114]

We can say that all parts of the dynamic biosphere conform to one another in an infinite dimensional version of 4D hydrodynamics. ,p> Darwin page 114: 'The truth of the principle, that the greatest amount of life can be supported by great diversification of structure, is seen under many natural circumstances.'

generation (20 years) = clock pulse [period] in human reproduction.

An important feature of the network picture is that it takes the Lorentz transformation out of the Hilbert space of an interaction and applies it directly to the particles (messages) involved. Does this work? I will actually have to learn quantum field theory to decide.Or can it be done at the network epistemology level?

We are looking to replace the concepts 'particles' and 'fields' with 'messages' and 'processors'. It comes down to translating Zee, Weinberg etc into network language. This is a physics paper. But first the philosophy, a la Bohr, ie a broad justification of the network hypothesis.

My theological ambition is to produce a plausible theory of everything, which is the role of God, the meaning and explanation of everything, which is everything. The only adequate map is one-to-one, a dual.

Saturday 26 June 2010

because of all the spacetime detail observed in nature it is necessary to postulate that creation is continuous = evolution.

[page 115] Darwin page 143: 'Correlation of growth - I mean by this expression that the whole organization is so tied together during its growth and development, that when slight variations in any one part occur, and are accumulated through natural selection, other parts become modified.'

TIE = FORCE = COMMUNICATION CHANNEL = SIGNALLING PATHWAY

Every particle is a process governed by the 'particle algorithm' which may be executed by a network of processors, as in me, or may be the ur-processor that we call god or the initial singularity.

Christianity puts the creative power outside the Universe. Natural religion (The-Natural) puts it within. From a practical point of view this may be completely irrelevant, but from a theoretical point of view, it totally changes our picture of the World and our place within it.

Correlation of growth = correlation of change = multidimensional hydrodynamics with a set of interwoven currents,some conserved and some created and annihilated.

How do we relate the flow of information? In a concrete system which is always in a particular stare (represented by a complete string of determinations from root to leaf) the flow of information exactly measures the flow of entropy and vice versa. We can model the idea on the human blood network with pump and correlated flows of all the ingredients of blood, haemoglobin, electrolytes, hormones, cells etc.

In my own body I feel flows of excitement that move me to

[page 116]

action, like writing this sentence, because the particle of thought represented by this sentence demanded to be recorded in the context of my theological ideas. All these little sentences seem to me to be theological observations parallel to all the observations of Darwin the naturalist and his collaborators which from the factual basis of the speculations of The Origin.

General covariance and epistemology: the foundation of epistemology is the flow of 'raw' physically embodied data, which data, having of itself no meaning (this depends on context) adds together linearly, and exists independently of any meaning given to it by various frames of reference (algorithms) like the configuration of a computer at a given moment of a computation. Each item of data is measured by a quantum of action and the rate of flow of quanta is energy, which is seen by the general theory of relativity which defined (so far as possible) the large scale flow of energy which is in fact represented by the exchange of quantized signals (particles).

On the re-founding of fundamental physics. The desire to understand the foundations of our Universe is reflected in the huge amount of public and private money that foes into fundamental physics.High end laboratories in this field cost tens of billions, and there is not much one can do with a mere million. Despite the expenditure, fundamental physics is something of a morass or 'tangled bank' and cries out for a new point of view that will expose the underlying simplicity and make sense of all the data.

We bewlieve that the underlying siplicity is there because (depending on our tradition) the world started as an initial structurelesss point, or is the product of an omnino simplex God.

[page 117]

A Declaration of Independence from the Papacy.

The 'via vitae' seeks pleasure and avoids pain at all levels of localization.

Darwin page 188: 'He who will go thus far, if he finds on finishing this trearisw thar large bodies of facts otherwise inexplicable can be explained by the theory of descent, ought not to hesitate to go further and to admit that a structure even as perfect as the eye of an eagle might be formed by natural selection, although in this case he does not know any of the transitional grades. His reason ought to conquer his imagination; though I have felt the difficulty far too keenly to be surprised at any degree of hesitation in extending the principle of natural selection to such startling lengths.'

The essence of natural theology is to extend Darwin's insight to all scales. It is currently confined to biology and appears only at the fringes of physics and theology. Here we develop the formalism to take it the whole way.

[page 118]

PhD:When we consider the Universe divine, we are trying to see of the traditional properties of God can be predicated of the Universe of our experience. A tall order, as Darwin found with selection.

Darwin's eye / telescope analogy pp 188-189.

Darwin page 189: 'If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly be formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.

In our language he is saying that if there existed a state that could not be produced by a network of Turing machines beginning from a simple not gate. . .

Darwin page 193: 'In considering the transition of organs, it is so important to bear in mind the probability of conversion from one function to another that I will give one more instance. [ovigeous frena and brachiae of Balanidae]

page 194: 'On the theory of natural selection, we can clearly understand why ["Natura non facit saltum"]; for natural selection can act only by taking advantage of slight successive variations; she can never take a leap, but must advance by the shortest and slowest steps.'

Nevertheless small steps near critical points can bring about large changes, the opposite of small steps near stationary points which have no effect.

Natura non facit saltum is fundamentally false where communication is concerned due to Shannon's theorems. What we have do have is leaps at all scales, a leap of one scale involving thousands at another.

[page 119]

Our reasoning about continua is discrete.

A lot of trouble with language arises from abstracting from its physical embodiment, thus allowing impossibly large cardinals that cannot be represented in nature except by position significant notation. Boltzmann's calculations show us that position is significant even for the molecules in a (classical) gas.

Darwin page 207: Chapter VII Instinct: Selection and dynamics.

Darwin: '. . . as small consequences of one general law leading to the advancement of all organic beings, namely multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the weakest die.'

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Darwin, Charles, On the Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press 2001 Amazon review: 'It was a very happy idea to publish a facsimile of the first edition of On the Origin of Species; the price of copies of the original edition has reached the thousand dollar bracket, and in contemporary literature all page-references are to the original pagination, which was not followed in previous reprints of the first edition. Now, with this very reasonably priced and beautifully produced book, not only historians of science but also biologists will have the opportunity of following the fascinating thought-trails, still far from fully explored, of that remarkable man Darwin. Few if any persons are so well qualified as Harvard's Ernst Mayr to execute so helpfully and gracefully the delicate task of writing a worthy foreword to such a classic.' --Sir Gavin de Beer (Science ) 
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Dawkins, Richard, The Selfish Gene , Oxford UP 1976 Amazon: Editorial review: 'Inheriting the mantle of revolutionary biologist from Darwin, Watson, and Crick, Richard Dawkins forced an enormous change in the way we see ourselves and the world with the publication of The Selfish Gene. Suppose, instead of thinking about organisms using genes to reproduce themselves, as we had since Mendel's work was rediscovered, we turn it around and imagine that "our" genes build and maintain us in order to make more genes. That simple reversal seems to answer many puzzlers which had stumped scientists for years, and we haven't thought of evolution in the same way since.' Rob Lightner 
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Homer, and E V Rieu (translator), D C H Rieu (editor), Peter Jones (Introduction), The Odyssey, Penguin Classics 2010 Product Description 'The epic tale of Odysseus and his ten-year journey home after the Trojan War forms one of the earliest and greatest works of Western literature. Confronted by natural and supernatural threats - shipwrecks, battles, monsters and the implacable enmity of the sea-god Poseidon - Odysseus must use his wit and native cunning if he is to reach his homeland safely and overcome the obstacles that, even there, await him. About the Author HOMER is thought to have lived c.750-700 BC in Ionia and is believed to be the author of the earliest works of Western Literature: The Odyssey and The Iliad. E. V. RIEU was a celebrated translator from Latin and Greek, and editor of Penguin Classics from 1944-64. His son, D. C. H. RIEU, has revised his work. PETER JONES is former lecturer in Classics at Newcastle. He co-founded the 'Friends of Classics' society and is the editor of their journal and a columnist for The Spectator.' 
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Homer, and E V Rieu (translator), D C H Rieu (editor), Peter Jones (Introduction), The Odyssey, Penguin Classics Hardcover; Special Sale ed edition (March 10, 2010) Language: English ISBN-10: 0141192445 ISBN-13: 978-0141192444 2010 Product Description 'The epic tale of Odysseus and his ten-year journey home after the Trojan War forms one of the earliest and greatest works of Western literature. Confronted by natural and supernatural threats - shipwrecks, battles, monsters and the implacable enmity of the sea-god Poseidon - Odysseus must use his wit and native cunning if he is to reach his homeland safely and overcome the obstacles that, even there, await him. About the Author HOMER is thought to have lived c.750-700 BC in Ionia and is believed to be the author of the earliest works of Western Literature: The Odyssey and The Iliad. E. V. RIEU was a celebrated translator from Latin and Greek, and editor of Penguin Classics from 1944-64. His son, D. C. H. RIEU, has revised his work. PETER JONES is former lecturer in Classics at Newcastle. He co-founded the 'Friends of Classics' society and is the editor of their journal and a columnist for The Spectator.' 
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Hume, David, and J C A Gaskin, Principal Writings on Religion Including Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and the Natural History of Religion , Oxford University Press 2009 David Hume is one of the most provocative philosophers to have written in English. His Dialogues ask if a belief in God can be inferred from what is known of the universe, or whether such a belief is even consistent with such knowledge. The Natural History of Religion investigates the origins of belief, and follows its development from polytheism to dogmatic monotheism. Together, these works constitute the most formidable attack upon religious belief ever mounted by a philosopher. This new edition includes Section XI of The Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding and a letter by Hume in which he discusses Dialogues. 
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Humphreys, Christmas, Buddhism, 1991  
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Longley, Clifford, and Edited by Suzy Powling. Foreword by Lord Rees-Mogg, The Times Book of Clifford Longley, HarperCollinsReligious 1991 Jacket: 'Clifford Longley is perhaps the best known religious journalist working in Britain today [1991] and surely one of the most accomplished in the post-war period. ... This anthology, the first ever of Longley's work, contains a wide selection of columns published since 1988. Together they make up a colourful and engrossing account of a period when Church affairs have been marked by high controversy, and have regularly hit front pages.' 
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Misner, Charles W, and Kip S Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, Freeman 1973 Jacket: 'Einstein's description of gravitation as curvature of spacetime led directly to that greatest of all predictions of his theory, that the universe itself is dynamic. Physics still has far to go to come to terms with this amazing fact and what it means for man and his relation to the universe. John Archibald Wheeler. . . . this is a book on Einstein's theory of gravity. . . . ' 
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Nichols, Peter, The Pope's Divisions: The Roman Catholic Church Today, Henry Holt & Co ISBN-13: 978-0030475764 1984 Jacket: 'About eighteen percent of the world's population is Roman Catholic, and there is no bigger or more influential religious body that the Catholic Church. . . . Rome correspondent of The Times of London for more than twenty years, sympathetic to the Church although not himself a Catholic, Peter Nichols is closely familiar with the Curia and its functionaries and an absorbed observer of recent Popes and Papal elections. ... ' 
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Revised English Bible, Revised English Bible, Oxford University Press, USA 2003 From Library Journal 'From its inception the New English Bible was intended to be revised. This revision, which has taken into account praise and criticism of the New English Bible and advances in biblical scholarship, is the fruit of 15 years' labor. The style has remained dignified but not stuffy, vigorous but not coarse. Many Briticisms and awkward phrases have been reworked ("loose livers" in I Cor. 5:9 is now "those who are sexually immoral"), though some remain ("a rod in pickle" in Prov. 19:29). The removal of "thee" and "thou" from address to God and the cautious, discriminating use of inclusive language reflect current usage. Transposition of words, verses, and whole passages in the name of clarity--carried over from the New English Bible --will cause continued concern and will decrease somewhat this work's value as a study Bible. All things considered, however, this is an excellent translation that will easily find a place in public and private reading. Highly recommended. - Craig W. Beard, Harding Univ. Lib., Searcy, Ark. Copyright 1990 Reed Business Information, Inc.' 
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Weinberg, Steven, The Quantum Theory of Fields Volume I: Foundations, Cambridge University Press 1995 Jacket: 'After a brief historical outline, the book begins anew with the principles about which we are most certain, relativity and quantum mechanics, and then the properties of particles that follow from these principles. Quantum field theory then emerges from this as a natural consequence. The classic calculations of quantum electrodynamics are presented in a thoroughly modern way, showing the use of path integrals and dimensional regularization. The account of renormalization theory reflects the changes in our view of quantum field theory since the advent of effective field theories. The book's scope extends beyond quantum elelctrodynamics to elementary partricle physics and nuclear physics. It contains much original material, and is peppered with examples and insights drawn from the author's experience as a leader of elementary particle research. Problems are included at the end of each chapter. ' 
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Papers
Chaitin, Gregory J, "Randomness and Mathematical Proof", Scientific American, 232, 5, May 1975, page 47-52. 'Although randomness can be precisely defined and can even be measured, a given number cannot be proved random. This enigma establishes a limit in what is possible in mathematics'. back
De Dreu, Carsten K W, et al, "The Neuropeptide Oxytocin regulates Parochial Altruism in Intergroup Conflict Among Humans", Science, 328, 5984, 11 June 2010, page 1408 - 1411. 'Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self-sacrifice to contribute to in-group welfare and to aggress against competing out-groups. Parochial altruism has distinct survival functions, and the brain may have evolved to sustain and promote in-group cohesion and effectiveness and to ward off threatening out-groups. Here, we have linked oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, to the regulation of intergroup conflict. In three experiments using double-blind placebo-controlled designs, male participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo and made decisions with financial consequences to themselves, their in-group, and a competing out-group. Results showed that oxytocin drives a "tend and defend" response in that it promoted in-group trust and cooperation, and defensive, but not offensive, aggression toward competing out-groups.'. back
de Waal, Frans B M, "Cultural primatology comes of age", Nature, 399, 6737, 17 June 1999, page 635-636. 'The chimpanzee keeps inching closer to humanity. After decades of patiently gathering information, the heads of seven field-sites pool their knowledge to reveal the astonishing variation in tool technology and social customs in chimpanzees across Africa.'. back
Kitcher, Philip, "The Climate Change Debates", Science, 328, 5983, 4 June 2010, page 1230-1234. 'In one of the earliest and most eloquent pleas for open discussion and debate, John Milton wrote: And though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the worse, in a free and open encounter. (1) Two centuries after Milton, in the same year in which Charles Darwin published the Origin, John Stuart Mill's essay On Liberty (2) added further arguments for the free exchange of ideas, suggesting that such exchange is vital for intellectual and social health. Although both Milton and Mill stand behind our current acquiescence in the value of extensive free discussion, both of them knew that they were opposing ancient suspicions about the viability of democracy. The political theorists and philosophers of the Greco-Roman world viewed ordinary folk as vulnerable to deception and exploitation. Allowed to determine the direction of the state, the folk would be easily seduced into believing falsehoods aligned with the interests of charismatic leaders, so that the popular voice would enthusiastically clamor for disastrous policies. Better, then, to entrust the ship of state to wise navigators, whose wisdom embraced both depth of understanding and moral integrity.'. back
Landauer, Rolf, "Information is a physical entity", Physica A, 263, 1, 1 February 1999, page 63-7. 'This paper, associated with a broader conference talk on the fundamental physical limits of information handling, emphasizes the aspects still least appreciated. Information is not an abstract entity but exists only through a physical representation, thus tying it to all the restrictions and possibilities of our real physical universe. The mathematician's vision of an unlimited sequence of totally reliable operations is unlikely to be implementable in this real universe. Speculative remarks about the possible impact of that, on the ultimate nature of the laws of physics are included.'. back
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Charles Darwin The voyage of the Beagle: Chapter 10 - Tierra Del Fuega 'Tierra del Fuego, first arrival Good Success Bay An Account of the Fuegians on board Interview With the Savages Scenery of the Forests Cape Horn Wigwam Cove Miserable Condition of the Savages Famines Cannibals Matricide Religious Feelings Great Gale Beagle Channel Ponsonby Sound Build Wigwams and settle the Fuegians Bifurcation of the Beagle Channel Glaciers Return to the Ship Second Visit in the Ship to the Settlement Equality of Condition amongst the Natives.' back
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David Hume Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 'Project Gutenberg's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, by David Hume This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net' back
Elie Wiesel - Wikipedia Elie Wiesel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel KBE (English pronunciation: /ˈɛli viːˈzəl/; born September 30, 1928)[1] is a writer, professor at Boston University, political activist, Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor. He is the author of 57 books, the best known of which is Night, a work based on his experiences as a prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps.[2] His diverse range of other writings offer powerful and poetic contributions to literature, theology, and his own articulation of Jewish spirituality today.' back
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Gluon - Wikipedia Gluon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Gluons (glue and the suffix -on) are elementary particles that cause quarks to interact, and are indirectly responsible for the binding of protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei. In technical terms, they are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong color charge interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Unlike the electric charge neutral photon of quantum electrodynamics (QED), gluons themselves carry color charge and therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it. The gluon has the ability to do this as it carries the color charge and so interacts with itself, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than QED.' back
Hamming distance - Wikipedia Hamming distance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. Put another way, it measures the minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into the other, or the number of errors that transformed one string into the other.' back
Hayabusa - Wikipedia Hayabusa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Hayabusa (はやぶさ?, literally "Peregrine Falcon") was an unmanned spacecraft developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to return a sample of material from a small near-Earth asteroid named 25143 Itokawa to Earth for further analysis.' back
Indoctrination - Wikipedia Indoctrination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Indoctrination is the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology (see doctrine).[1] It is often distinguished from education by the fact that the indoctrinated person is expected not to question or critically examine the doctrine they have learned.[2] As such it is used pejoratively, often in the context of political opinions, theology or religious dogma. Instruction in the basic principles of science, in particular, can not properly be called indoctrination, in the sense that the fundamental principles of science call for critical self-evaluation and skeptical scrutiny of one's own ideas, a stance outside any doctrine.[3] In practice, however, a certain level of non-rational indoctrination, usually seen as miseducative, is invariably present.[4] The term is closely linked to socialization; in common discourse, indoctrination is often associated with negative connotations, while socialization refers to cultural or educational learning' back
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Israel-Vatican Diplomatic Relations 'Full and formal diplomatic relations between Israel and the Holy See were established in 1993. They were preceded, however, by almost a century of contacts and diplomatic activity, not to mention almost two millennia of Catholic-Jewish encounters that at times were far from harmonious.' back
James Fieser Hume: Writings on Religion [The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] 'David Hume ranks among the most influential philosophers in the field of the philosophy of religion. He criticized the standard proofs for God‘s existence, traditional notions of God’s nature and divine governance, the connection between morality and religion, and the rationality of belief in miracles. He also advanced theories on the origin of popular religious beliefs, grounding such notions in human psychology rather than in rational argument or divine revelation. The larger aim of his critique was to disentangle philosophy from religion and thus allow philosophy to pursue its ends without either rational over-extension or psychological corruption.' back
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Asteroid Exploration HAYABUSA (MUSES-C) / Missions 'At 15:22 on May 19. 2004 (JST), HAYABUSA approached most closely to the earth at an altitude of 3,700 km over the Eastern Pacific Ocean and performed the powered swing-by by accelerating itself with ion engines. At that time, three cameras (one telecamera and two wide-angle cameras) and one near-infrared spectrometer, which were designed to be used for navigation and scientific observations, photographed the Moon and Earth, while simultaneously performing calibration and performance evaluation of the instruments. In September 2005, the explorer arrived at the asteroid Itokawa about 300 million km away from the earth. In November 2005, it successfully landed on Itokawa. In April 2007, HAYABUSA started full cruising operation to return to earth.. back
John Milton Areopagitica A speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England 'And now the time in special is, by privilege to write and speak what may help to the further discussing of matters in agitation. The temple of Janus with his two controversial faces might now not unsignificantly be set open. And though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the worse, in a free and open encounter? Her confuting is the best and surest suppressing.' back
John Milton - Wikipedia John Milton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, author, polemicist, Puritan and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost.' back
John Paul II Familiaris Consortio 'May Christ the Lord, the Universal King, the King of Families, be present in every Christian home as He was at Cana, bestowing light, joy, serenity and strength. On the solemn day dedicated to His Kingship I beg of Him that every family may generously make its own contribution to the coming of His Kingdom in the world-"a kingdom of truth and life, a kingdom of holiness and grace, a kingdom of justice, love, and peace," 183 towards which history is journeying. I entrust each family to Him, to Mary, and to Joseph. To their hands and their hearts I offer this Exhortation: may it be they who present it to you, venerable Brothers and beloved sons and daughters, and may it be they who open your hearts to the light that the Gospel sheds on every family. I assure you all of my constant prayers and I cordially impart the apostolic blessing to each and every one of you, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Given in Rome, at St. Peter's, on the twenty-second day of November, the Solemnity of our Lord Jesus Christ, Universal King, in the year 1981, the fourth of the Pontificate. JOHN PAUL II' back
Khalil Gibran - Wikipedia Khalil Gibran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Khalil Gibran (born Gubran Khalil Gubran bin Mikhā'īl bin Sa'ad; Arabic جبران خليل جبران بن ميکائيل بن سعد, January 6, 1883 – April 10, 1931) also known as Kahlil Gibran[ was a Lebanese American artist, poet, and writer. Born in the town of Bsharri in modern-day Lebanon (then part of the Ottoman Mount Lebanon mutasarrifate), as a young man he emigrated with his family to the United States where he studied art and began his literary career. He is chiefly known for his 1923 book The Prophet, a series of philosophical essays written in English prose. An early example of Inspirational fiction, the book sold well despite a cool critical reception, and became extremely popular in the 1960s counterculture. Gibran is considered to be the third most widely read poet in history, behind Shakespeare and Lao-Tzu. back
Koinonia - Wikipedia Koinonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Koinonia is the anglicisation of a Greek word (κοινωνία) that means communion by intimate participation. The word is used frequently in the New Testament of the Bible to describe the relationship within the early Christian church as well as the act of breaking bread in the manner which Christ prescribed during the Passover meal [John 6:48-69, Matthew 26:26-28, 1 Corinthians 10:16, 1 Corinthians 11:24]. As a result the word is used within the Christian Church to participate, as Paul says, in the Communion of - in this manner it identifies the idealised state of fellowship and community that should exist - Communion.' back
National Secular Society Challenging Religious privilege | National Secular Society 'The National Secular Society is the leading campaigning organisation defending the rights of non-believers from the demands of religious power-seekers. The NSS works both in the UK and in Europe to combat the influence of religion on governments. We want to ensure that Human Rights always come before religious rights, and we fight the massive exemptions religious bodies demand - and are sometimes granted - from discrimination laws that everyone else is subject to. Every privilege has its victims.' back
Pelagius - Wikipedia Pelagius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Pelagius (ca. AD 354 – ca. AD 420/440) was an ascetic who denied the doctrine of original sin as developed by Augustine of Hippo, and was declared a heretic by the Council of Carthage. His interpretation of a doctrine of free will became known as Pelagianism. He was well educated, fluent in both Greek and Latin, and learned in theology.' back
Quark - Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark, the free encyclopedia 'Quarks . . . are a type of elementary particle and major constituents of matter. They combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most well-known of which are protons and neutrons. They are the only particles in the Standard Model to experience the strong force, and thereby the only particles to experience all four fundamental forces, which are also known as fundamental interactions.' back
scapbookpages.com The controversy over Catholic crosses at Auschwitz-Birkenau 'The War of the Crosses was the culmination of years of tension between the Poles and the Jews. The Jews are still resentful that some of the Poles collaborated with the Nazis during World War II, and even worse, after the war in 1946, there were pogroms in which more Jews were killed by Polish civilians. The Jews say that the Nazis killed the Jews because they were acting under orders, but the Poles killed the Jews because they wanted to. As late as 1968, there was violence against the Jews in Poland, and even today Jewish memorials and Synagogues in Warsaw must be constantly guarded against vandalism and arson.' back
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The Tablet The Tablet - The International Catholic Weekly 'The Tablet was founded in 1840 by Frederick Lucas, a Quaker convert to Catholicism at the age of twenty-seven. . . . A number of leading Catholics felt the need for a weekly publication and Father R. Lythgoe SJ, the priest who had converted Lucas, suggested that he take the task on. Lucas chose the name, The Tablet, and the first edition came out on 16 May 1840.' back
Unites States of America United States Constitution 'Amendment I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.' back
William Edward Morris David Hume (Standord Encyclopedia of Philosophy) 'First published Mon Feb 26, 2001; substantive revision Fri May 15, 2009 The most important philosopher ever to write in English, David Hume (1711-1776) — the last of the great triumvirate of “British empiricists” — was also well-known in his own time as an historian and essayist. A master stylist in any genre, Hume's major philosophical works — A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-1740), the Enquiries concerning Human Understanding (1748) and concerning the Principles of Morals (1751), as well as the posthumously published Dialogues concerning Natural Religion (1779) — remain widely and deeply influential. Although many of Hume's contemporaries denounced his writings as works of scepticism and atheism, his influence is evident in the moral philosophy and economic writings of his close friend Adam Smith. Hume also awakened Immanuel Kant from his “dogmatic slumbers” and “caused the scales to fall” from Jeremy Bentham's eyes. Charles Darwin counted Hume as a central influence, as did “Darwin's bulldog,” Thomas Henry Huxley. The diverse directions in which these writers took what they gleaned from reading Hume reflect not only the richness of their sources but also the wide range of his empiricism. Today, philosophers recognize Hume as a precursor of contemporary cognitive science, as well as one of the most thoroughgoing exponents of philosophical naturalism.' back

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