natural theology

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VII Notes

2010

Notes

[Sunday 19 September 2010 - Saturday 25 September 2010]

[Notebook: DB 70 Mathematical Theology]

[page 69]

Sunday 19 September 2010
,

Standard physics assumes the existence of a continuous 4D spacetime with Minkowski metric in which to work. Here we assume only logical consistency and treat spacetime as an emergent phenomenon (structure).

It is Sunday so we can ditch the hard stuff for the easy history and turn to Cox, The Future of Faith Cox

[page 70]

Cox page 1: 'At the beginning of the new millennium three qualities mark the world's spiritual profile . . . . The first is the unanticipated resurgence of religion in both public and private life around the globe. The second is that fundamentalism, the bane of the twentieth century, is dying. . . . the third . . . is a profound change in the elemental nature of religiousness.'

page 2: 'Fundamentalists, with their insistence with obligatory belief systems, their nostalgia doe a mythical uncorrupted past, their claims to an exclusive grasp on truth, and — sometimes — their propensity for violence — are turning out to be rearguard attempts to stem a more sweeping tidal change.'

discovery of the sacred in the secular: Secular City, divine Universe.

Gerald Manley Hopkins: everyday world 'is charged with the grandeur [and detail] of God.' Hopkins

'"move to horizontal transcendance"'

Cox page 3: 'It is true that for many people "faith" and "belief" are just two words for the same thing. But they are not the same, and in order to grasp the magnitude of the religious upheaval now under way, it is important to clarify the difference [oportet distinguere -- we overcome inconsistency by increasing degrees of freedom - Cantor]. Faith is about deep seated confidence. It is what theologian Paul Tillich (1886-1965) called "ultimate concern", a matter of what the Hebrew's spoke of as the "heart".

'Belief, on the other hand, is more like opinion. . . .

[page 71]

We can believe something to be true without it making much difference to us, but we place out faith only in something that is vital for the way we live.' Practical epistemology.

Miguel Unamuno (1864-1936) "Saint Manuel Bueno, Martyr." Unamuno

We move from belief to faith by testing: walk on it and see id it really is strong enough to carry you.

Priscillian of Avila first victim of Christian fundamentalism. Priscillian - Wikipedia

Cox page 7: 'One historian [who?] estimates that in the two and a half centuries after Constantine imperial authorities put twenty five thousand people to death for their lack of credal correctness.

"[The "Age of Belief"] was already comatose when the European Union chiselled the epitaph on its tombstone in 2005 by declining to mention the world "Christian" in its constitution.

Cox page 8: Joachim of Fiore: "Age of the Spirit". Joachim of Fiore - Wikipedia

Church: physical representation of a faith. The secular church is based on faith in the reliability of the world = God.

Cox page 9: 'Pentecostals, whoch stress a direct experience of the Spirit.' The message.

page 10: Meister Eckhart: Meister Eckhart - Wikipedia

page 11: Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Wikipedia

Spirituality: being aware of higher layers.

[page 72]

Megachurches: Saddleback and Willow Creek

'There are now more than four hundred of these churches with congregations of ten thousand or more. They are not fundamentalist. Their real secret is that they are honeycombs of small groups, hundreds of them, for study, prayer and action.'

Robert Wuthnow: Sharing the Journey . . . Wuthnow

Cox page 13: 'Echoing age old suspicions, for example, the Vatican has warned Catholics against the dangers of attending classes on Yoga. Pontifical Council for Culture, Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue

Cox page 124: Harry Emerson Fosdick (1878-1969) ' "Shall the Fundamentalists Win?" Harry Emerson Fosdick - Wikipedia

Cox page 18: 'There is no God but God and Muhammed is his messemger.'

In a dynamic Universe, we do not distinguish between message and messenger,message is a a staionary point in a dynamic messenger (essence, existence - essence is part of existence, not distinct from it) 24 Theses. 24 Theses of Pope Pius X

Cox page 19: 'Creeds did not exist [in the first phase of Christianity]; they are fading in importance now.'

No; the emergent creed is being delineated by science;: the nature of the World we inhabit and our own nature shaped in this world.

Brouwer: A wheel goes round by mapping itself onto itself and it has a fixed hub; The hub, however, is mapped onto the progress of the vehicle, which moves by mapping itself through an open set, so there is not fixed point

[page 73]

A creed:constitutional democracy and the rule of law: the emergence of new structure through parliamentary discussion arriving at a consistent (ish) way of dealing with a situation, eg traffic, drugs, trade.

Cox page 22: 'Faith starts with awe'. More likely with the social indoctrination of the newborn that firs them to survive in their biological and physical environment.

page 23: Rudolph Otto: Das Heilige 'mysterium tremendum et fascinans' Otto

Cox page 21: Einstein: '"To sense that behind anything that can be experienced there is something that our minds cannot grasp, whose beauty and sublimity reaches us only indirectly."' Through messages which are the stationary points in the dynamics,like these notes, which carry the skeleton of some of my mental flow.

page 26: 'Human beings might be defined as Homo quaerens, the stubborn creatures who cannot stop asking why and then asking why they ask why.' Anthropomorphic. The whole of reality is reality quaerens, seeking consistency through complexification.

'Here religion emerges in the evolution of humanity'. No. It was always there from the beginning, making consistent structures out of 'atoms', ie functional units whose interior is visible only through their properties.

Cox page 29: Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971) Reinhold Niebuhr - Wikipedia

Cox page 30: 'The self is not a static entity. it is a battle site.' Really?

page 34: 'Our meeting with the "other carries with it horror as well as

[page 74]

promise.' A perfectly evolutionary situation.

We need to provide lgoical explantions for all the parameters of geometric physics - eg continuity = NOP = symmetry.

Cox page 38: 'A Christian atheist is different from a Buddhist atheist because they are each rejecting a totally different concept of the divine. This is important for the study of religion, since what we eventually come to see is that there is no neutral platform, no place where anybody can stand outside them all and make comparisons and judgements.'

The not-p's are differentiated by the p's: logical duality.

Cox page 40: Ernst Bloch (1885-1977): the biblical God is one "whose essence is futurity". ie empty political promises to be fulfilled not by God but by a people inspired to fight to the death by the promise of a promised land. Ernst Bloch - Wikipedia page 49: 'Simply states, Jesus was not preoccupied with himself. The age of shalpm that God had promised continued to be his ultimate concern throughout his life. It was the object of his faith.'

Same here, but on a far more sicnetific basis, givin the visible and trustworthy God revealed by science.

Jesus offered nothing new to human wisdom. He is just the product of a new institutional approacjh to using religion for political control.

[page 75]

Motion is the source of comfort. Roll over when it becomes uncomfortable to sleep on that side.

Cox page 33: ". . . the Catholic Church has largely retracted [its] claim to exclusivity . . . (Ref?)

page 62: Left Behind Left Behind - Wikipedia

Monday 20 September 2010

Cox page 95: Didascalia Didascalia Apostolorum - Wikipedia

I am the dual of my niche, and at any particular moment this duality is expressed by messages between the peer layers in me and my niche, gravitation, redox etc. Redox - Wikipedia

Cox page 124: 'It is the evolution of this cultural. spiritual and moral dimension of the papacy that is left out of most of the suggestions I see about the future of the papacy.

After the Age of the Spirit comes the Age of the Divine Universe, combining all three personalities, the two images and the bond between the, into one dynamic unity with a transfiinite set of stationary points.

Cox page 128: 'Adherents of the different world religions can no longer avoid each other, so understanding each other is no longer merely an option, but a necessity.'

128: FAITH = HUMAN OPERATING SYSTEM (embodying a religion, ie a protocol for interacting with other people).

[page 76]

Tuesday 21 September 2010

Cantor explored the relationship between continuous and discrete using the notion of order, finding that the cardinal of the countable ordinals (ie the cardinal of the set of permutations of a countable set) is uncountable. Later Cohen found that Cantor's 'continuum hypothesis' is independent of the axioms of set theory, meaning that it could not be proven from set theory. Nevertheless, the power of ordering to generate cardinals greater than the cardinal of the set being permuted remains.

The fundamental scientific article of faith is that the Universe is consistent (at least locally [in space-time]) and so any formal system which is a candidate for modelling the world must be itself consistnet. Cantor proved 'Cantor's theorem': Given any set S there exists a set of arrangements of S, P(S) such that cardinal (P(S)) > cardinal (S). Cantor's theorem - Wikipedia

Cox page 195: 'Liberation theology is more than just a regionally specific "Latin American Theology" or a passing fad. It embodies a momentous leap out of many centuries in which Christianity was defined as a system of beliefs imposed by a hierarchy. [Why does the hierarchy evolve and survive?] It symbolizes the resurrection of faith-as-trust [ie stupidity, lack of critical testing of models of incoming data] and represents the retrieval of the core of the Gospel messae [hippy trippy bullshit about the "Kingdom of Heaven"] as it was understood and lived in the earliest [pre-critical because pre-political] centuries of Christianity. It is an unshakeable sign of the coning of the Age of the Spirit.

[page 77]

The sprit is a boson, a message, and as such is 'viral' without a life of its own. It is not subject to testing until it is received and put into practice. Then the devilish details appear as the initial passionate love gradually differentiates into the details of life together, arranging income, food, shelter, peace in the home and with the neighbours, and so on. So the new Age of the Spirit (that includes the hippies and their ideas) may be seen as a new human love affair to be gradually worked out in the details of a just and sustainable human pattern of existence on Earth.

Cox page 209: '. . . "the gospel of [prosperity" . . . has found its major bearer in the United Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG). It is the fastest growing denomination in Latin America and has now spread to dozens of other countries. The UCKG promises its adherents that if they contribute generously they will receive not only salvation and health, but wealth, not just in the world beyond, but in this one.'

"pseudo-Pentecostal"

210: have the Catholics done nothing in all this?

Cantor: a consistent system is unbounded. And an unbounded system is at least partly incomplete and incomputable. [Each higher transfinite layer is incomplete and incomputable from the point of the layer upon which it is built.]

Cox page 216: Shane (note 2) New York Times Scott Shane

Soka Gakkai 'value creation'. Soka Gakkai - Wikipedia

page 217: 'Boston Research Centre'

[page 78]

Cox page 218 "emerging church movement" Emerging church - Wikipedia

Marcus Borg: Heart of Christianity

Spirit: All energy, no structure, a boson that was encoded and will be decoded by fermions.

Cox page 221 '. . . Cheristianity gradually stepped away from faith and into ideas'. Very bad. This is the sin of Adam and Eve, curiosity. The Age of the Spirit demands blind (content free) faith, so it is just plain Lutheran, unbalances. In reality essence and existence are identical, as in God.

Cox page 222: Tissa Balasuriya Tissa Balasuriya - Wikipedia

page 223: 'The wind of the Spirit is blowing. One indication is the upheaval that is shaking and renewing Christianity. Faith, rather than beliefs, is once again becoming its defining quality, and this reclaims what [I think] faith meant during its earliest years. I have described how that primal impetus was nearly suffocated by creeds, hierarchies and the disastrous merger of the church with the empire. But I have also highlighted how a newly global Christianity enlivened by a multiplicity of cultures and yearning for realization of God's reign of shalom, is finding its soul again. All the signs suggest we are poised to enter a new Age of the Spirit and that the future will be a future of faith.

Spiritist, pentacostalist triumphalism!

[page 79]

Wednesday 22 September 2010

We seek the 'cause' of stationary points in the dynamics of which they are part. Where we se stationarity we assume the existence of control. Every alphabet is controlled (defined and maintained) by a user layer. [which values it for its stationary points and acts to maintain them]

We can examine the whole system in terms of two layers, physical and user. Boff Theology and Praxis (= politics) Boff

Desperate to please = seeking perfect understanding (so as to be able to deliver attractive inputs to the one to be pleased, so horticulture [massage parlours, etc].

We label the physical and user layers with numbers, then label(user) > label(physical).

To deal with the prudes of this world we need to establish a reference frame in which reproductive activity fits as easily as metaphysics and spirituality.

Basically questions of evolution, survival and fitness are questions of power: the ability to obtain the resoures needed to realize one's potential as a liver, breeder and playperson.

Power is everything == fitness.

Theological power = making a living in the theological community.

[page 80]

I watch the trades to see my day in the stock market evolve.

Why am I doing this? Ultimately because I want to, but what is the source of the desire: the perception of a series of errors which, when corrected, put reality in a whole new light. It is not the same deceptive and heavy evil, but the divinity itself.

John Reed Man Without God 0091051703 Reid

Editor's Foreword: John P Whalen and Jaroslav Pelikan page ix: 'When Dostoevsky said that the choice was "either God or murder" he was voicing a widespread Christian conviction that only theistic belief . . . could restrain the beast in man from taking over. The exemplary lives of many of our unbelieving contemporaries are a refutation of that conviction -- a refutation with which theology must somehow come to terms."

Faith in God is an evil as long as it diminishes faith in the world. Since the Word is God, this stance is self contradictory.

page x: '. . . the atheist, for his part, must ask . . . whether his view of the world and of man can perpetuate itself without a transcendent point of referral: in short whether it is finally possible to be human without the divine.'

Of course we need the divine, it is our niche, our dual, for the world is divine. The atheist position of rejecting some global organizing force is self-contradictory in that it does not explain the existence of atheists, quite well organized entitites well tuned to their environment.

[page 81]

An aim of natural religion is to make us all into critical believers.

Thursday 23 September 2010

Moltmann: The Church in the Power of the Spirit Moltmann

Reed: Man Without God

Jaspers: Philosophical Faith and Revelation Jaspers

Al;l three from a thoroughly Christian project and no real use of this project except to illustrate rather ineffective efforts to correlate Christian stories with contemporary experience.

Moulakis: Simone Weil and the Politics of Self-Denial Moulakis

page 58: 'Weil hoped that the trade unions would serve as agents for revolution that could not only seize bureaucratic and military machines but smash them as well.' ~1933

'After three years as a militant syndicalist, Weil acted on her perception of the movement;'s structure and course of action on the one hand and her analysis of the contemporary crisis on the other. She felt she has no choice but to abandon, if not her revolutionary hope, at least her conviction that the trade unions could be the embodiment of that hope.'

Weil: "The problem is to find some way of forming an organization that does not engender bureaucracy. For bureaucracy always betrays. And an unorganized action remains pure but fails."

[page 82]

Obviously she had experienced only ineffective and self-serving organizations.

Moulakis page 59: 'From that time on, Weil was intent on keeping her distance from all political activity save theoretical research. On October 1, 1934, she took an unpaid leave of absence "for personal studies", to start working on December 4 of the same year on an unskilled factory job.'

page 61: '. . . she agreed with Trotsky that the Soviet Union represented a bureaucratic derailment of the revolution.

An ode to Trotsky. Leon Trotsky - Wikipedia

Mouloakis page 62: 'Persecuted, isolated, rejected and yet -- or perhaps for that very reason -- courageous, hopeful, clear-sighted, his candid theoretical analysis directed straight at praxis, this Trotsky combines all the virtues of the earlier "heroic" phase of Weil's theory of man.'

FREEDOM - SYMMETRY - EQUIPROBABILITY - EQUAL ENERGY - EQUAL PROCESSING RATE (eg all multiplications of a certain length are the same).

The key is free (minimal barriers to opt-in, opt-out) organization and those organizations that do not attract supporters die.

'The economic crisis raises the question with greater acuteness. Normal police methods are no longer adequate to keep capitalist society in check. This is the hour of fascist tactics. "Using the fascist agency, capital mobilizes the masses of the stultified petit bourgeoisie, the hands of the degrade,

[page 83]

demoralized lumpenproletariat, and all the innumerable human beings who have been thrown into despair and misery by that same finance capital."'

Page 63: 'It was the crisis that seemed to create that dependence pf the individual on society that revolutionary theory talks about. On this theory society is understood as the system of economic relations.'

SOCIETY = TRADE +

Enlist Geoffrey Robertson. You can attack the pope but he is cornered and, like the Japanese Emperor, cannot give in for historical reasons. The historical trap in which the Vatican finds itself was set by the propensity of the Christian intellectuals to embroider the basis Bible story with deep and complex metaphysical [fandangles].

Friday 24 September 2010

I think by endlessly going round and round on more or less the same track, usually making a small change here and there (at least in time) so the track is spiral in computation space (= time + logic). This space is equivalent to the platonic Cantor Universe made active by considering symbols as events rather than as static marks on paper or elsewhere. Every such event (modelled by a computer) has a beginning, middle and end, Large scale events are constructed of smaller ones, the atomic event being measured by the quantum of action. A computation is an atomic event which can nevertheless be observed in detail in a debugger or emulator.

[page 84] This is a use of the scale invariant hypothesis, event = {event}. The empty set corresponds to the atomic event with no interior observables.

MODELLING = EMULATION

Are these words worth the discomfortable side effects ot he drug that elicited them. No more uncomfortable that the need for a shave, however.

First order is rotation. Second order is perturbation of the rotation to a spiral in noetic (= logic + time) space. How do we describe a circle in the Cantor Universe - a symmetry, NOP.

for NOP dp/dt = 0 (p = proposition, t = 'time step') = quantum of action, so we might write dp/dh = 0, ie an actin happens but nothing else. An event that leaves the relevant p unchanged.

The idea that the world is a computation became popular around the time of Deutsch's early work and book. Deutsch

Classically a continuum is a string of points so dense that we can always find another point between any given pair of points. This continuum is felt to be infinite in extent and infinitely finely divided, the combination of these two infinities leading to the idea that the cardinal of the continuum, the second transfinite cardinal ℵ1. From this idea, applied to the dimension of space and time we get some of the characteristics of the mathematics of quantum theory: a continuum

[page 85]

represented by an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, ratios whose denominators tend to zero, Dirac's delta, renormalization and so on, all 'epicycles' that suggest that there is something fishy about the current incarnation of the continuous model.

The trouble, I feel, lies in our understanding of continuity. Aristotle defined a continuum as a set of elements whose ends overlapped. Adjacent points do not overlap, but logic does if we visualize it in geometric space as Venn diagrams. Venn diagram - Wikipedia Classical space is a 6n-D Venn diagram.

Time stands still (or proceeds at an infinite pace) when we are asleep or otherwise not conscious of ourselves (immersed in a process, rather than standing outside the process) Falling in liove vs thinking about falling in love.

The fundamental problem is that Christian theology is too narrow to deal with the material world so that it tends to deprecate it/ It fails to understand that a Word is not a Word unless it is made flesh.

Lirerary criticism: hopw to construct a telling adventure, a consuming verbal picture, an exciting text, a form of pornography in fact, not too explicist, not too complexified. We want to suck the unters in with a good yarn.

Quantum mechanics comes down to solving the characteristic equations of operators on Hilbert space. How do we achieve these solutions with a computer? What if eigenfunctions are Diophantine?

the transfinite numbers are represented by 'floating base'

[page 86]

numbers [numerals], where each successsive digit is an element of a base equal to the largest number representable by the preceding digits. So

1 4 9 6

base 10 base 100 base 1000 base 10000 etc. Something like this but grows faster.

The heart of Cantor's idea is the generation of infinite possibilities from finite resources by givi8ng significance to position, ie ordering, encapsulated bnuy the general idea that the cardinal of the countable ordinals is ℵ1 and so on.

INFORMATION / ACTION = MEANING. The bit that says bomb the world has more meaning than the bit that says make this pixel white. so does MY whole life (like the whole life of anyu other particle) correspond to one quantum of action: we measure meaning as Google does, by linkage. Have thought of this possibility long ago but it seemed too weird to write down.

Moulakis page 74: 'For Simone Weil revolution was never an end in itself, an intoxicating fantasy: it was merely a means of arriving at optimal social conditions. . . . "the revolution is a job, a methodical task that the blind or people with blindfolded eyes cannot perform. And this is where we are at this moment."'

Christianity is an hypothesis thjat does not fit modern daya, either constitutional or anthropological. Similarly Marxism, but it died much more quickly [leaving us christian capitalist democratic socialism].

[page 87]

Moulakis page 77: 'Not only because external conditions had changed in the course of time but also because of its internal deficiencies and inconsistencies, marxism, according to Weil, cannot meet the task assigned to it: to be a revolutionary theory.' [Natural theology is an evolutionary theory embracing revolutions at all scales]

Moulakis page 89: Weil: 'Man is a limited being to whom it is not given to be, as in the case of the God of the theologians, the direct author of his own existence; but he would possess the human equivalent of that divine power if the material conditions that enable him to exist were exclusively the work of his mind directing the effort of his muscles. This would be true liberty.' (Oppression et liberté page 117 Weil)

page 92: Alain: '"Geometry is the key to nature. Without it we cannot perceive the world in which we live and on which we depend.'

We say wrong: logic is the key to nature, ie communication and computation.

page 94: 'The concept of workl is the linchpin of Simone Weil's thought.'

page 100: Weil: '"Powerful means are oppressive, non-powerful means remain ineffective."'

The logical model sees causality in implication.

Saturday 25 September 2010

Moulakis page 96: 'Even those activities that appear to enjoy the greatest degree of freedom -- science, sports, art -- are valuable only to the degree that they imitate or even exaggerate the strict rigor and accuracy of work. Pétrement reports thjat in the Weil household, when Simone was growing

[page 88]

up, not a single toy was to be found.'

Moulakis page 99: '"The most fully human civilization would be that which has manual labour as its pivot, that in which manual labour constituted the supreme value."' (Weil, Oppression and liberté, page 137)

oage 101: Weil: '"The only hope for socialism resides in those who have already brough about in themselves, as far as is possible in the society of today, that union between manual and intellectual labour which characterizes the society we are aiming at. (OL page 37).

'"The enlightened goodwill of men (sic) acting in an individual capacity is the onlyu possible principle of social progress'" (OL 84).

page 102: Weil: '"The keystone supports the whole building from above. Archimedes sais "Give me a point of leverage and I will lift the world.' The silent presence of the supernatural here below is that point of leverage."' (OL 230).

Complexity - Control. A complex system needs to control its alphabet ('material basis') to survive, which is possible because the set of the orderings of [the] alphabet has more than enough variety to control the alphabet.

Higher layers maintain the symmetry of the layers beneath them? [homework, economics]

Moulakis page 104: 'The idea of work as a contact with nature and as an intersubjective link -- that is, as an activity that turns an individual into a subject -- furnished Simone Weil with the theoretical basis of her concern with Marx.'

[page 89]

Here in nature we have the supernatural foundations of human society and community as it is experienced through work and trade.

Moulakis page 107: Weil: '"Marx was incapable of any real effort of scientific thought because that did not interest him. All this materialist was interested in was justice. He was obsessed by it."'

Weil again:' "[Marx] began to take himself seriously. He was seized with a kind of messianic illusion which made him believe that he has been chosen to play a decisive role for the salvation of mankind."'

Moulakis page 108: '[Marx's] method turned into inexorable materialistic determinism, in which there is no room for liberty.'

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Boff, Clodovis, Theology and Praxis: Epistemological Foundations, Orbis 1987 Jacket: 'In this book Clodovis Boff rigorously and passionately erects the methodological scaffolding that is necessary to construct a true methodology of the political, a true theology of liberation.' 
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Borg, Marcus J., The heart of Christianity: Rediscovering a Life of Faith, HarperOne 2004 Amazon Editorial Review From Booklist 'Christianity appears to be at a crossroads, and religious historian Borg draws a distinction between what he calls an emerging paradigm and an earlier paradigm. The distinction is important because Christianity, he says, still makes sense and is the most viable religious option for millions. He contends the earlier paradigm, based upon a punitive God and believing in Christianity now for the sake of salvation later, simply doesn't work for many people. It also doesn't take into account the sacramental nature of religious belief; that is, religion as a vessel wherein the sacred comes to the faithful. Borg's emerging paradigm is based upon the belief that one must be transformed in one's own lifetime, that salvation means one is healed and made whole with God. He feels the new paradigm allows more people to be and become Christians. In his compelling proposal Borg consistently aligns the emerging paradigm with God, Jesus, the Bible, tradition, and religious practice, which constitute the heart of Christianity.' Donna Chavez Copyright © American Library Association. 
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Cohen, Paul J, Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis, Benjamin/Cummings 1966-1980 Preface: 'The notes that follow are based on a course given at Harvard University, Spring 1965. The main objective was to give the proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis [from the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms for set theory with the axiom of choice included]. To keep the course as self contained as possible we included background materials in logic and axiomatic set theory as well as an account of Gödel's proof of the consistency of the continuum hypothesis. . . .'  
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Cox, Harvey, The Future of Faith, HarperOne 2009 Amazon editorial review from Publishers Weekly Starred Review. What shape will the Christian faith take in the 21st century? In the midst of fast-paced global changes and in the face of an apparent resurgence of fundamentalism, can Christianity survive as a living and vital faith? With his typical brilliance and lively insight, Cox explores these and other questions in a dazzling blend of memoir, church history and theological commentary. He divides Christian history into three periods: the Age of Faith, during the first Christian centuries, when the earliest followers of Jesus lived in his Spirit, embraced his hope and followed him in the work he had begun; the Age of Belief, from the Council of Nicaea to the late 20th century, during which the church replaced faith in Jesus with dogma about him; and the Age of the Spirit, in which we're now living, in which Christians are rediscovering the awe and wonder of faith in the tremendous mystery of God. According to Cox, the return to the Spirit that so enlivened the Age of Faith is now enlivening a global Christianity, through movements like Pentecostalism and liberation theology, yearning for the dawning of God's reign of shalom. Cox remains our most thoughtful commentator on the religious scene, and his spirited portrait of our religious landscape challenges us to think in new ways about faith.' Copyright © Reed Business Information 
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Cox , Harvey , The Secular City: Secularisation and Urbanisation in Theological Perspective , Collier Books 1990 Amazon Customer review: A scholarly proposal for mordernizing the church., May 11, 1997 By A Customer 'Dr. Cox hits hard at church convention. He does an excellent job of exposing some flaws in the dogma of the church, and offers ways he thinks the flaws can be repaired. Some of his more controversial suggestions conflict with biblical standards, and pose implementation problems. Overall, the work is informative, innovative and inspiring.' 
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Deutsch, David, The Fabric of Reality: The Science of Parallel Universes - and its Implications, Allen Lane Penguin Press 1997 Jacket: 'Quantum physics, evolution, computation and knowledge - these four strands of scientific theory and philosophy have, until now, remained incomplete explanations of the way the universe works. ... Oxford scholar DD shows how they are so closely intertwined that we cannot properly understand any one of them without reference to the other three. ...' 
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Hopkins, Gerard Manley, Gerard Manley Hopkins: The Major Works , Oxford University Press, USA 2009 Amazon Product Description 'This authoritative edition brings together all of Hopkins's poetry and a generous selection of his prose writings to explore the essence of his work and thinking. Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-89) was one of the most innovative of nineteenth-century poets. During his tragically short life he strove to reconcile his religious and artistic vocations, and this edition demonstrates the range of his interests. It includes all his poetry, from best-known works such as "The Wreck of the Deutschland" and "The Windhover" to translations, foreign language poems, plays, and verse fragments, and the recently discovered poem "Consule Jones". In addition there are excerpts from Hopkins's journals, letters, and spiritual writings. The poems are printed in chronological order to show Hopkins's changing preoccupations, and all the texts have been established from original manuscripts.' 
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Jaspers, Karl, and (Translated from the German by E B Ashton), Philosophical Faith and Revelation, Harper and Row 1967 Jacket: 'The importance of this book can hardly be overrated. It is the onluy authentic philosophy of religion written in the twentieth century, and it appears at the very moment when the modern crisis of bnelief in revelation and hence of Vhjristian theology has come to a head. . . . ' Hannah Arendtback
Mantel, Hilary, Wolf Hall, Henry Holt and Co. 2009 'Amazon Best of the Month, October 2009: No character in the canon has been writ larger than Henry VIII, but that didn't stop Hilary Mantel. She strides through centuries, past acres of novels, histories, biographies, and plays--even past Henry himself--confident in the knowledge that to recast history's most mercurial sovereign, it's not the King she needs to see, but one of the King's most mysterious agents. Enter Thomas Cromwell, a self-made man and remarkable polymath who ascends to the King's right hand. Rigorously pragmatic and forward-thinking, Cromwell has little interest in what motivates his Majesty, and although he makes way for Henry's marriage to the infamous Anne Boleyn, it's the future of a free England that he honors above all else and hopes to secure. Mantel plots with a sleight of hand, making full use of her masterful grasp on the facts without weighing down her prose. The opening cast of characters and family trees may give initial pause to some readers, but persevere: the witty, whip-smart lines volleying the action forward may convince you a short stay in the Tower of London might not be so bad... provided you could bring a copy of Wolf Hall along. '--Anne Bartholomew 
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Moltmann, Jurgen, The Church in the Power of the Spirit: A Contribuition to Messianic Ecclesiology, Fortress Press 1993 Amazon Product Description "This book, which in my opinion is Moltmann's best, can be recommended on the basis that it contains challenging and creative insights that can be used by the discriminating reader in the service of church renewal…Moltmann represents the theology of liberation at its best, and those who wish to know more about this theology would do well to study this creative and searching theologian." --Donald G. Bloesch Christianity Today 
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Moulakis, Anathasios, Simone Weil and the Politics of Self-Denial, University of Missouri 1998 Amazon Product Description 'Simone Weil and the Politics of Self-Denial delivers what no other book on Weil has—a comprehensive study of her political thought. In this examination of the development of her thought, Athanasios Moulakis offers a philosophical understanding of politics that reaches beyond current affairs and ideological advocacy. Simone Weil—philosopher, activist, mystic—unites a profound reflection on the human condition with a consistent and courageous existential and intellectual honesty manifest in the moving testimony of her life and her death. Moulakis examines Weil's political thought as an integral part of a lived philosophy, in which analysis and doctrine are inseparable from the articulation of an intensely personal, ultimately religious experience. Because it is impossible to distinguish Weil's life from her thought, her writings cannot be understood properly without linking them to her life and character. By situating Weil's political thought within the context of the intellectual climate of her time, Moulakis connects it also to her epistemology, her cosmology, and her personal experience. Simone Weil and the Politics of Self-Denial presents the unfolding of Weil's philosophical life against the backdrop of the political and social conditions of the last days of the Third French Republic, the Spanish Civil War, and the rise and clash of totalitarian ideologies. The ideological climate of the age—of which Weil herself was not quite free—was indeed the major "obstacle" in the struggle against which she fashioned her critical, intellectual, and moral tools. Weil has been categorized a number of ways: as a saint and a near convert to Roman Catholicism, as a social critic, or as an analytic philosopher. Moulakis examines all aspects of Weil's thought in the indissoluble unity in which she lived them. This thorough investigation pursues the particular intellectual affiliations and the social and political experiential stimuli of Weil's work while simultaneously teasing out the timeless themes that her own timely analysis was intended to reveal.' 
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Otto, Rudolf, and John W Harvey (translator), The idea of the Holy: An Inquiry into the Non Rational Factor in the idea of the Divine (1926), Kessinger Publishing 2004 Foreword by the Author: 'In this book i have ventured to write of that which may be called 'non-rational' or 'supra-rational' in the depths of the divine nature. I do not therefore want to promote in any way the tendency of our time towards an extravagant and fantastic 'irrationalism;, but rather to join issue with it in its morbid form. The 'irrational' is today a favourite theme of all which are too lazy to think or are too ready to evade the arduous duty of clarifying their ideas and grounding their convictions on a basis of coherent thought. This book, recognizing the profound import of the non-rational fro metaphysics, makes a serious attempt to analyze all the more exactly the feeling which remains where the concept fails, and to introduce a terminology which is not any the more loose or indeterminate for having necessarily to make use of symbols. 
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Reid, John, Man without God: An introduction to unbelief, Corpus 1971 'Jacket: Man Without God examines the historical and philosophical bases and forms of atheism with the object of opening the way to dialogue with the unbeliever. Such a dialogue brings out the essence of Christian commitment and also points clearly to the task that Chrisians of the twentieth century have to face. The world is gradually being divided into those who have faith in God and those who reject that faith. Father Reid does not give any facile theological answers, but throws new light on one of the most fundamental issues of our day.'  
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Unamuno, Miguel de, and Paul Burns (translator), Salvador Ortiz-Carboneres (translator), Unamuno: Saint Manuel Buena, Aris & Phillips 2009 Amazon Product Description 'Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo was born in Bilbao on 29th September 1864. He wrote novels, essays, poems and plays, and in addition to these he played an important part in the political and intellectual life of Spain - an involvement that led to his exile to Fuerteventura in 1924. San Manuel Bueno, matir (1930) was his last novel before his death in 1936. It tells the story of a heroic priest who has lost his faith in immortality, a theme that had interested Unamuno for many years. The setting of the novel is atmospheric and significant, the characters shadowy and symbolic. The book overall is a synthesis of Unamuno's philiosophy.' 
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Walker, Geoffrey de Q, The Rule of Law: Foundations of Constitutional Democracy, Melbourne University Press 1988 Jacket: 'The author argues that the survival of any useful rule of law model is currently threatened by distortions in the adjudication process, by perversion of law enforcement (by fabrication of evidence and other means), by the excessive production of new legislation with its degrading effect on long-term legal certainty and on long-standing safeguards, and by legal theories that are hostile to the very concept of rule of law. In practice these trends have produced a great number of legal failures from which we must learn.' 
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Weil, Simone, Oppression and Liberty, Routledge 2001 Amazon Product Description 'The remarkable French thinker Simone Weil is one of the leading intellectual and spiritual figures of the twentieth century. A legendary essayist, political philosopher and member of the French resistance, her literary output belied her tragically short life. Most of her work was published posthumously, to widespread acclaim. Always concerned with the nature of individual freedom, Weil explores inOppression and Liberty its political and social implications. Analysing the causes of oppression, its mechanisms and forms, she questions revolutionary responsesand presents a prophetic view of a way forward. If, as she noted elsewhere, 'the future is made of the same stuff as the present', then there will always be a need to continue to listen to Simone Weil.' 
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Wuthnow, Robert, Sharing the Journey: Support Groups and the Quest for a New Community, Free Press 1996 From Kirkus Reviews 'Forty percent of all Americans meet regularly in support groups such as AA or Bible Study. Princeton's chronicler of religious life Wuthnow (Christianity in the Twenty-first Century, Acts of Compassion) interviews 1,000 support-group members to find out why--and comes up with some intriguing conclusions in this thoughtful, well-written work. Most Americans, Wuthnow claims, lead lives not of quiet desperation but of turbulent upheaval; the average family moves at least once every three years, and half of those families are ripped apart by divorce. Many people--like 26-year-old mother-of-two Karen, whose parents divorced and remarried while she was still in high school, who has herself changed jobs 6 times and moved 11 times in the past 12 years--look to small groups (Karen belongs to a women's Bible Study group that meets once a week) to provide a sense of family and community. But while support groups can be many things to many people--helping members become more spiritually disciplined, building self-esteem, and providing forums for the narration of individual stories--such groups are no substitute for the multi-textured ties that families create over decades in the dailiness of private life. Nor, posits Wuthnow, can support groups be expected to eliminate crime and poverty, create jobs, recast foreign policy, or reduce the national debt. Still, these gatherings--many take place in church basements--are clearly one of the most vital forces in American ecclesiastical life; in fact, the traditional Sunday morning churchgoer may well be replaced by the Monday or Wednesday evening support-group member. Sensitive, well-reasoned, and insightful--with valuable commentary on the much-maligned ``culture of victimhood.'' '-- Copyright ©1994, Kirkus Associates, LP. 
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Links
Basil Fernando, Asian Human Rights Commission Vatican: Excommunication of Fr. Tissa Balasuriya Lifted 'Vatican: The Excommunication of Fr. Tissa Balasuriya Lifted AHRC UA980117 Vatican 17 January 1998 ASIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION URGENT APPEAL [PRESS RELEASE] The Excommunication of Fr. Tissa Balasuriya Is Lifted A Farce Ends as a Farce A Statement by the Asian Human Rights Commission The excommunication of Fr. Tissa Balasuriya in January 1997 was one of the biggest farces of the Vatican - perhaps ever in its not so glorious history. There was no reason at all for this excommunication, and this has been the position of the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) and thousands of others, including, priests, nuns and lay people.' back
Cantor's theorem - Wikipedia Cantor's theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In elementary set theory, Cantor's theorem states that, for any set A, the set of all subsets of A (the power set of A) has a strictly greater cardinality than A itself. For finite sets, Cantor's theorem can be seen to be true by a much simpler proof than that given below, since in addition to subsets of A with just one member, there are others as well, and since n < 2n for all natural numbers n. But the theorem is true of infinite sets as well. In particular, the power set of a countably infinite set is uncountably infinite. The theorem is named for German mathematician Georg Cantor, who first stated and proved it.' back
Didascalia Apostolorum - Wikipedia Didascalia Apostolorum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Didascalia Apostolorum (or just Didascalia) is a Christian treatise which belongs to genre of the Church Orders. It presents itself as being written by the Twelve Apostles at the time of the Council of Jerusalem, however, scholars agree that it was actually a composition of the 3rd century CE, perhaps around 230 CE.

The Didascalia was clearly modeled on the earlier Didache. The author is unknown, but he was probably a bishop. The provenience is usually regarded as Northern Syria, possibly near Antioch.' back

Emerging church - Wikipedia Emerging church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The emerging church (sometimes referred to as the emergent movement or emergent conversation) is a Christian movement of the late 20th and early 21st century that crosses a number of theological boundaries: participants can be described as evangelical, protestant, roman catholic[1], post-evangelical, anabaptist, adventist[2], liberal, post-liberal, reformed, charismatic, neocharismatic, post-charismatic, conservative, and post-conservative. Proponents, however, believe the movement transcends such "modernist" labels of "conservative" and "liberal," calling the movement a "conversation" to emphasize its developing and decentralized nature, its vast range of standpoints, and its commitment to dialogue. Participants seek to live their faith in what they believe to be a "postmodern" society. What those involved in the conversation mostly agree on is their disillusionment with the organized and institutional church and their support for the deconstruction of modern Christian worship, modern evangelism, and the nature of modern Christian community.' back
Ernst Bloch - Wikipedia Ernst Bloch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Ernst Simon Bloch, (July 8, 1885 – August 4, 1977) was a German Marxist philosopher.' back
Harry Emerson Fosdick - Wikipedia Harry Emerson Fosdick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Harry Emerson Fosdick (May 24, 1878-October 5, 1969) was an American clergyman.

Fosdick became a central figure in the Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy within American Protestantism in the 1920s and 1930s. While at First Presbyterian Church, on May 21, 1922, he delivered his famous sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?”, in which he defended the modernist position. In that sermon, he presented the Bible as a record of the unfolding of God’s will, not as the literal Word of God. He saw the history of Christianity as one of development, progress, and gradual change. To the fundamentalists, this was rank apostasy, and the battle lines were drawn.' back

Joachim of Fiore - Wikipedia Joachim of Fiore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Blessed Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora and in Italian Gioacchino da Fiore (c. 1135 – March 30, 1202), was the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore (now Jure Vetere). He was a mystic, a theologian and an esoterist. His followers are called Joachimites.' back
Left Behind - Wikipedia Left Behind - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Left Behind is a series of 16 best-selling novels by Tim LaHaye and Jerry Jenkins, dealing with Christian dispensationalist End Times: pretribulation, premillennial, Christian eschatological viewpoint of the end of the world. The primary conflict of the series is the members of the Tribulation Force against the Global Community and its leader Nicolae Carpathia—the Antichrist. Left Behind is also the title of the first book in the series. The series was first published 1995-2007 by Tyndale House, a firm with a history of interest in dispensationalism.' back
Leon Trotsky - Wikipedia Leon Trotsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Leon Trotsky 7 November [O.S. 26 October] 1879 – 21 August 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist.

He was one of the leaders of the Russian October Revolution, second only to Vladimir Lenin. During the early days of the Soviet Union, he served first as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army and People's Commissar of War. He was also among the first members of the Politburo. back

Meister Eckhart - Wikipedia Meister Eckhart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Eckhart von Hochheim O.P. (c. 1260 – c. 1327), commonly known as Meister Eckhart, was a German theologian, philosopher and mystic, born near Gotha, in Thuringia. Meister is German for "Master", referring to the academic title Magister in theologia he obtained in Paris. Coming into prominence during the decadent Avignon Papacy and a time of increased tensions between the Franciscans and Eckhart's Dominican Order of Friars Preachers, he was brought up on charges later in life before the local Franciscan-led Inquisition. Tried as a heretic by Pope John XXII, his "Defence" is famous for his seasoned arugala to all challenged articles of his writing and his refutation of heretical intent. . . . ' back
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Wikipedia Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Pierre Teilhard de Chardin . . . 1 May 1881, Orcines, France 10 April 1955, New York City) was a French philosopher and Jesuit priest who trained as a paleontologist and geologist and took part in the discovery of Peking Man.' back
Pontifical Council for Culture, Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue Jeus Christ the bearer of the Water of Life - A Christian reflection on the New Age 'The study is a provisional report. It is the fruit of the common reflection of the Working Group on New Religious Movements, composed of staff members of different dicasteries of the Holy See: the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue (which are the principal redactors for this project), the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity.' back
Priscillian - Wikipedia Priscillian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Priscillian (died 385) was bishop of Ávila and a theologian from Roman Gallaecia (in the Iberian Peninsula), the first person in the history of Christianity to be executed for heresy (though the civil charges were for the practice of magic). He founded an ascetic group that, in spite of persecution, continued to subsist in Hispania and Gaul until the later 6th century. Tractates by Priscillian and close followers, which had seemed certainly lost, were recovered in 1885 and published in 1889.' back
Redox - Wikipedia Redox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation) reactions describe all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. This can be either a simple redox process, such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide (CO2) or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), or a complex process such as the oxidation of sugar(C6H12O6) in the human body through a series of complex electron transfer processes.' back
Reinhold Niebuhr - Wikipedia Reinhold Niebuhr - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (/ˈraɪnhoʊld ˈniːbʊər/; June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, public intellectual, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. Also known for authoring the Serenity Prayer,[1] Niebuhr received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964.[2] Among his most influential books are Moral Man and Immoral Society and The Nature and Destiny of Man, the latter of which was written as the result of Niebuhr's delivery of the Gifford Lectures. back
Saddleback Church - Wikipedia Saddleback Church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Saddleback Church is an evangelical Christian megachurch located in Lake Forest, California, situated in southern Orange County, affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention. The church was founded in 1980 by pastor Rick Warren. Weekly church attendance averages nearly 20,000, currently making it the eighth-largest church in the United States (this ranking includes multi-site churches).' back
Scott Shane Global Forecast by American Intelligence Expects Al Qaeda's Appeal to Falter 'Published: November 20, 2008 WASHINGTON — A new study of the global future by American intelligence agencies suggests that Al Qaeda could soon be on the decline, having alienated Muslim supporters with indiscriminate killing and inattention to the practical problems of poverty, unemployment and education.' back
Soka Gakkai - Wikipedia Soka Gakkai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Sōka Gakkai (創価学会?) (literally, "Value-Creation Society") is a lay Nichiren Buddhist organization based in Japan.[1] There are more than 23 million members of Sōka Gakkai International in 192 countries and territories.It is also a non-profitable organization promoting the values of peace,culture and education.' back
Tissa Balasuriya - Wikipedia Tissa Balasuriya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Tissa Balasuriya (born 1924) is a Sri Lankan Roman Catholic priest and theologian.' back
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God - Wikipedia Universal Church of the Kingdom of God - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG, from Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, also known as UCKG HelpCentre) is a Pentecostal Christian organisation established in Brazil on July 9, 1977, with a presence in many countries. According to a major Christian newspaper the UCKG has 13 million members worldwide and in Brazil alone has reached 5000 temples and 15.000 pastors.' back
Venn diagram - Wikipedia Venn diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Venn diagrams or set diagrams are diagrams that show all hypothetically possible logical relations between a finite collection of sets (groups of things). Venn diagrams were invented around 1880 by John Venn. They are used in many fields, including set theory, probability, logic, statistics, and computer science.. back
Willow Creek Community Church - Wikipedia Willow Creek Community Church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Willow Creek Community Church (or simply Willow Creek Church) is a non-denominational, multi-generational Evangelical Christian megachurch located in the Chicago suburb of South Barrington, Illinois. It was founded on October 12, 1975 by Bill Hybels, who is currently the Senior Pastor. The church has three weekend services averaging 24,000 attendees, making it the third-largest church in the United States (this ranking includes multi-site churches). The church has been listed as the most influential church in America the last several years in a national poll of pastors.' back

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