natural theology

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vol VII: Notes

2013

Notes

[Sunday 17 February 2013 - Saturday 23 February 2013]

[Notebook: DB 74 CREATION]

[page 100]

Sunday 17 February 2013

So much of the Graves biography is just gossip, the most interesting and ephemeral element in human conversation, as dinner last night where the burden of the conversation was the incompetence of others and the virtuosity of ourselves. This is the element of divinity that we see best, the local, and it can be trusted whereas the big picture supported by the Catholic Church has no roots local or otherwise. It deprecates locality, and its global picture is fiction, a set of dogmata which are generally inconsistent with immediate, local concrete experience.

Motion is necessary to restore consistency [broken by motion]. We feel pain, the signal for error, when we are constrained, So it is necessary to turn over in bed to relieve the pain of lying in one place. Organizations like the Church that refuse to move eventually build up the stresses that break them and it is part of my hope that I can show the Church how to abandon its dogmatic ways and becomes

[page 101]

flexible enough to guide people to painless lives, rather than glorifying the pain of cohering to error as a path to ultimate pleasure.

The absolute monarchy of the Vatican, based on ancient fantasy, is bound to collapse one day, the sooner the better [unless it develops a dynamic process for conforming to reality, that is replaces absolute authority with dialectic between government and opposition.]

Bierce: Devil's Dictionary: 'Pray, v. To ask that the laws of the Universe be annulled in behalf of a single petitioner, confessedly unworthy.' page 250 Bierce

Bierce page 253: 'Priestcraft, n. A disease of which miss Europa has purged herself, and which miss Columbia is likely to be laid up with, ere long.'

page 261: 'Really, adv. Apparently.

page 266: 'Religion, n. A goodly tree, in which the foul birds of the air have made their nests.'

page 272: 'Retaliation, n. The natural rock on which is reared the Temple of Law.'

Revolution, n. A bursting of the boilers which usually takes place when the safety valve of public discussion is closed.'

page 281: 'Saint, n. A dead sinner revised and edited.

Monday 18 February 2013

Bierce page 79: 'Corporation, n. An ingenious device for obtaining individual profit without individual responsibility.

[page 102]

Bierce page 58: 'Disobedience, n. The silver lining to the cloud of servitude.'

page 59: 'Divine, n. Bird of pray.'

page 121: 'Faith, n. A belief without evidence in what is told by one who speaks without knowledge of things without parallel.'

page 133: 'Fraud, n. The life of commerce the soul of religion, the bait of courtship and the basis of political power.

page 176: 'Impunity, n. Wealth.'

page 253: 'Priest, n. A gentleman who claims to own the inside track on the road to Paradise, and who wants to charge toll on same.'

Seymour-Smith page 225, Bronowski, Eirlys Roberts, Which Maurice Healy

We communicate mathematics with various physical embodiments of information, symbols, glyphs, phonemes and more generally physical states. In the Platonic or formal interpretation of mathematics such states are taken to have eternal unique entities that are in the first instance put into correspondence with the natural numbers. These numbers are generated fomally by Peano's axioms, and the sequence of natural numbers had both a natural order arising from the process of generation and no last member, so that it is said to be countably infinite.

[page 103]

Cantor built on this sequence a space of transifinite numbers arising from the observation that the set of all orderings (permutations or functions) from the set of natural numbers to itself is strictly greater than the set of natural numbers. This process of permutation can proceed without end to generate an endless sequence of transfinite numbers, which we shall accept as providing a sufficient large alphabet of symbols to initiate theology [and say everything we need to say in mathematics].

This was the theological insight embodied in my 1987 lectures which still seems good after 26 years of slow gestation.

The Divine Universe (henceforth maybe du, which is a way to address a familiar) has costs and benefits. The principal cost is that a lot of human attitudes and interpersonal protocols will have to be changed, ie states of mind and conventions of communication: 'thou shalt not kill'. The benefit is that we will have a reliable evidence based theological foundation to understanding our Universe upon which to engineers a safe home for ourselves within the bosom of god. (bask to lower case to capture generality. We no longer say The Universe, but a Universe has the following properties.

I'm coming down out of the clouds. I wish to constitute myself as a member of the loyal opposition within a small c catholic church, motivated by the new epistemology of experience tempering authority. This is a step in the evolution of a large organism whose total life power has been maybe 100 billion human lives (membership X longevity integrated since AD began to now).

The catholic church is founded methodologically on

[page 104]

the scientific method. Anyone can be a member who bases their lives more on realities than fantasies. History of the term "Catholic" - Wikipedia, Scientific method - Wikipedia

The consumers of religion must be assured that they are getting a safe and effective product in return for their input.

Quantum mechanics. Mathematical physics took off with the invention of calculus, an indispensable bridge between the eternal world of formal (Platonic) mathematics and the floating world of stars, planets and everything else that moves. Aristotle identified motion as the defining characteristic of the physical world.

Seymour-Smith page 233: Laura Riding as an absolute and apodictiv frame of reference fo Robert graves, encapsulating him in a rigid structure of her own design. No geenral covariance (= gauge symmetry) here.

Riding: ' ". . . there are certain laws of being and procedure centralized in me on which Robert relies." '

The marketing department is beginning to smell a product here. How do we monetize theology? By applying it, theological engineering (a bit like software engineering) [religion = applied theology].

The appropriate mathematics for theology (aka metaphysics) is metamathematics, which explores the boundaries between computable fixed points and incomputable symmetries or continua.

Cooking up religion. The Christians did it, and it

[page 105]

looks to me as though they tried to take into account all the main intellectual threads of their era. By the fourth century they were making sophisticated models of God and deriving such power from them that they became the theological think tank of Europe, and continued to enjoy that role exclusively until the time of Galileo.

We are releasing a new epistemological product on the religion market. It is based on scientific investigation rather than blind faith, and we predict that its efficiency will eventually lead it to become the operating system for the human world, having means of dealing with both predictable/controllable and those that are unpredictable/uncontollable because they are a continuum or a symmetry rather than a fixed point.

Bootstrap: determinism requires error free communication; error free communication requires determinism.

Positive feedback increases entropy, so that the Universe is expanding entropically and this is instantiated at the least complex level by the physical expansion of the Universe, that is the changing ration of the average distance between atoms to the size of the atom, a direct consequence of Planck's constant and the three symmetries of action, energy and momentum. Atom - Wikipedia

Seymour-Smith page 256: graves: ' "I chose Claudius for a number of reasons: the first was that he was a historian before he was anything else and because he lived in an age in which every moral safeguard of a religious or patriotic or social sort has gome west - things were just disintegrating." '

[page 106]

I am getting back into the optimistic mood I was in back in the late eighties and early nineties when I started publishing on the web and set up the theology company. The problems that stopped me then (fixed points, symmetry, creation etc) all seem to be solved in principle so that the creative loop is complete and my development of theology becomes recursive in that it can explain its own origin, ie its own differentiation from the continuum, cloud of unknowing, [absolute simplicity and pure act] that preceded it.

Seymour-Smith page 278: Laura Riding 'working on people.' Educating, changing minds, that is in some sense exerting force to change momentum, or energy to perform actions necessary for mind change = metanoia.

Tuesday 19 February 2013

Seymour-Smith page 356:: 'It is the poem of a healed man, one at last able to sleep without bad dreams.'

I am now feeling rather relaxed as I feel that unreasonable effectivness is complete in my mind even though thee are a few drafts to go on paper. My next hope os get some stimulation by stirring

[page 107]

a little controversy in the science/theology interface by (hopefully) picking a fight with the Pontifical Academy of Science, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (?) and similar august bodies. Meanwhile I can return to developing my website more or less along the established lines and promoting it when it reaches as acceptable state. Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Holy See: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

We seem to be entering a political phase where governments and oppositions disagree on everything, thus bringing management of the human world to a standstill [in the face of many serious threats]. The worst example of this is in the US, but Australia is not far behind. This is clear evidence that we need a new theological consensus, which must be based on reality, not blind faith.

Chriatianity promises to forgive sins of any magnitude except the 'peccatum in Sancto Spiritu' which is tantamount to refusing the ability of the Church to forgive sins, Here we think of sin more practically as error, and wish to forgive the Roman Catholic Church for its fundamental error, promoting and worshipping a false God, but such forgiveness can only be effective if the Church renounces its error, which given its attitude of infallible dogmatism, is in effect to totally reject the foundation upon which it is built. Eternal sin - Wikipedia

It has long been known that much death is caused by the fear of death, by what we might call 'over securitization'. The US is a prime example, killing many millions of people over my lifetime out of fear when it has no real enemies threatening its territorial integrity, only the evils of its ideological integrity which must be replaced with an

[page 108]

ideology based on reality, not hypocritical dreams of conquest and primacy, the scourge of any [self propclaimed] 'greatest nation on Earth' [ture if we measure greatness by murder rate!].

Poetic metre - the rhythm of phonemes emitting from a source. Print is static but we make it dynamic by scanning it symbol by symbol so that the read line becomes an ordered source.

The Theology Company might reasonably claim to be on a mission from God because, given its premise that the Universe is divine it is an element of the Universe trying to reclaim God from those Churches which have mystified and sequestered the Divinity for their own use. The Company is driven by the divinely inspired search for god to research and publish the idea that the Universe is divine and all our experience is experience of God. God is not essentially mysterious, although we have yet to learn a lot about ourselves and our divine Universe.

From Aristotle/Aquinas and Cantor we have two apparently irreconcilable approaches to God. On the one hand it is omnino simlex with no structure or details, the cloud of unknowing beloved of mystics. On the other hand we have a potential mathematical space in which to study God the boundless detailed complexity of the transfinite cardinal and ordinal numbers. We can, however, reconcile these two views of God using fixed point theory.

Wednesday 20 February 2013
Thursday 21 February 2013

Interest may be seen as payment for error, ie depreciation, to be offset against profit, new forms of technology, appreciation.

[page 109]

I see my intellectual and personal power as very limited relative to the size of the project I have undertaken, which makes me feel that the probability of success is limited but the task is very well worth undertaking, This feeing has kept me going for a very long time (in proportion to my lifetime) and small breakthroughs make me happy and lead me on. All this personal experience is local input into the theory, since in trying to explain how god complexifies itself my main source of data is how I complexify myself by slowly teasing definite ideas out of the emotional mist. Love is a potential which, by a process akin to quantum mechanics, generates structure, as the potential between electrons and protons generate the [extraordinarily complex electronic] structure of atoms.

By birth I inherited the theological problems inherent in my milieu. My fate was to bring myself into close contact with these problems by deciding to enter the Order of Preachers, This Order is based on the belief that the Catholic model of human being is true and should be propagated to the world by preaching as Jesus commanded. [Mark 16:15] My experience in the Order suggested that Christian theology was but one of two alternatives , and that there seemed to be good reasons for assuming that God is visible and a subject for science rather than an invisible subject of mystery [in fact both, the visible being a countable subset of the transfinite invisible]. Mark 16:15, How Universal is the Universe?

Friday 22 February 2013

The Christian God is a living God. Aquinas accepts Aristotle's definition of life as self motion, and, to maintain the pure activity of God, must invent a second type of motion which is not motion from potential to act, but from act to act. In modern physics, we

[page 110]

dispense with Aristotle's axiom that a potential can be actualized only by a system already actual , and place potential and actual (or kinetic) on an equal footing as in a simple harmonic oscillator like a pendulum. I a way our term kinetic energy corresponds to Aristotle's potential (δυναμς) and our potential corresponds to act (εντελεχεια) as the pendulum has maximum potential when it is stationary at the top of its swing. If we assume that we can model the living God by a mapping onto itself, we would expect to see fixed points in the divine dynamics and so we can resolve the distinction between complete simplicity and the complex of stationary points [which are part of the dynamics, not distinct from it, as Plato and successors have held].

From these historical considerations we can turn to contemporary quantum mechanics. We describe an isolated system [like the Universe] by the energy equation dΦ / dt = EΦ. When we observe such a system the continuous spectrum of solutions implied by the energy equation is reduced to the eigenvalues of the observation operator, the eigenvalue equation EΦ = eΦ, where e represents the fixed eigenvalues corresponding to the eigenfunctions of E. These fixed points in the quantum process are the foundation upon which the stable Universe, from fundamental particles through atoms, molecules, and cells to ourselves, planets and galaxies are built.

Fixed point theory suggests a reason for the quantization of the Universe, but we can take another approach through the mathematical theory of communication, which tells us that error free communication can be achieved by making our signals so far apart ibn message space that the probability of confusion (error) is negligible. This suggests that that we interpret quantum mechanics as a description of the

[page 111]

traffic in a communication network. The overlap equation relating two points in the network enables is to compute the traffic between these points using the Born equation. Born rule - Wikipedia

Seymour-Smith page 382: Graves: ' "The craft of writing good English is based on a single principle: never lose the reader's attention. Since the most obvious ways of losing it are to offend, confuse or bore him, good writing can be reduced simply to the principle of active care for sensibilities.'

The energy equation describes a world of pure action, S339:554 'A clock directly linking time to a particle's mass" ω = mc2/ℏ. Lan

Up top my ears in theology, metaphysics, physics, metamathematics and all that sort of caper with the ultimate goal of making a divine Universe plausible and showing the mathematics fits the world of the equation collapse of the wave function = act of insight by a (neural) computer network. I am bound to humility by the slow pace at which I make sense of all this.

Seymour=Smith page 387: 'That there were, and are no matriarchies—in an anthropological sense— does not invalidate the essence of Graves's thesis. That thesis is, in general terms, that the feminine has been so trampled upon as to make life artificial and intolerable for the whole of mankind. This is indubitably correct.'

And may be a consequence of the sexual dimorphism among humans which gives males the upper hand in matters of violence in which the violents (eg the Chriatian UDS) tend to triumph by killing the opposition,. The transfinite network points the way to the continuing and ultimate triumph of non-

[page 112]

violence by showing how the high entropy systems can control those of low entropy (high energy per state).

We maintain our survival by reproduction and by controlling our environment. The former depends on our success at the latter, starvation of necessities shuts down reproduction. the control is a two way street. We must know the environment before we can manipulate it. And we learn from the results of our manipulations. This is made possible because the world has a large set of fixed points which we can count on in our engineering design. Every week scientific magazines like Science and Nature reveal another collection of experiments that have established certain correlations in the world which can act as guides to our actions. When we found out that some bacteria cause disease, we began to base public health policy on cleanliness and purity, breaking, for instance, the cycling of faecal bacteria into the food chain.

The biggest evil propagated by the Church is not the sexual molestation of children, criminal as it is, [or the cover up that has been used to hide these crimes] but the ideological manipulation of children's minds, Mental Rape, stealing people's minds for one's own use. We make a clear distinction between truth and imagination, insofar as truth, as measured against the world outside our minds, is a very small (countable) subset of the transfinite possibilities of imagination.

Predictable = computable. The argument that continuous = deterministic is sometimes false. It is only true in cases of logical continuity, and this where we must found our society.

[page 113]

A network is made creative by differences in phase.

We expect high standards of scientific integrity in our promotion of public health. In the main our hospitals practice the state of the art and there are many other realms such as engineering where scientific standards apply. On the other hand there is a certain [amount of error induced for selfish political reasons].

Mystery (and its mate secrecy) are the curtains behind which evil is done. Our whole public survival strategy depends on defeating unnecessary mystery and secrecy. So we 'unlock the secrets of nature', and have become so successful at this that we can foresee threats to our survival that we ourselves have created. Those who stand to benefit from such mismanagement have a political interest in maintaining their ways which they can achieve through the various used of power, one of which is suppressing information. So we find in the food industry, for instance, a certain reluctance to truly label their products.

The Catholic insistence on its 'gift of [ultimate] truth' hides a much more dangerous 'impoverishment by error'. The Roman Catholic Church first revealed its true colours in its treatment of Galileo, and now all is exposed by its institutionally sanctioned (qui tacet consentire) treatment of women and children as slaves, sex and labour objects held down by a impenetrable glass (secret) ceiling. Good writing requires one to get mad. John Paul II

It is now clear that the Roman Catholic Church has been involved in wholesale perversion of justice under its imperial claim to be above the jurisdiction of civil courts. This behaviour is not unique to the Church, however, but widespread

[page 114]

among the wealthy and powerful.

Seymour-Smith page 389: 'Then, in The Golden Fleece Graves found he has gone right back to the source of the trouble: the conflict between the irrational and once mighty goddess, and the obstinate and ambitious patriarchs bent on setting themselves up as controllers of a masculinized world.

page 390: 'There was something in Christianity which [Graves] felt was alien to mankind's true needs; yet he was not disposed at all to believe that Jesus Christ himself was any kind of monster.'

Saturday 23 February 2013

Comment Commonweal - After Benedict Commonweal: Editorial: After Benedict

Seymour-Smith page 430: Graves: The Nazarene Gospel Restored Graves

Like all dualities, Heaven is meaningless without Hell, but we can work to displace the centre of gravity of the duality by making heaven more common [for us] and Hell rarer and less hellish. Our principal public concern is to improve public health by reducing the prevalence of hell by reducing the incentives for crime, occupational health and safety, universal health care and environmental protection. All these things ultimately come down to the environment, the womb in which we all live. heaven and Hell are both aspects of God.

Seymour-Smith page 437: Graves' mother: ' "Work is far more interesting than play".'

[page 115]

The river roars (say 40 cumec) but the rain has eased off, features of my God.

Seymour-Smith page 488: graves: ' "If there's need to write the wilder and more poignant sort [of poem] then there's trouble about for sure." '

My life has been so calm and steady that I have not felt like writing poetry for at least thirty years. And now, bored by pouring rain (which excites the river) a nap.

To know a subject is to have acquired a mental structure isomorphic (in salient details) to the fixed points of the subject.

Writing like this is in effect software for human [to be run on human minds], and we are setting out here to describe theological software using the language of computer engineering. The root of this, and of human society, can be expressed in terms of mathematical logic to give us mathematical theology, the science that stands an the whole of computable structure and looks out into the incomputable.

Mathematical theology: the breakout from institutional theology. The [local] limits to mathematics are the practical [local] limits to theology, but Cantor's theorem tells us that there is always something beyond what we can see.

SENSATION = DETERMINISTIC (ERROR FREE) COMMUNICATION

God is bigger than the Church, an obvious fact when we see that the Church is but a tiny subset of the Earth, let alone the Universe. Supreme monarchical arrogance [might claim otherwise].

[page 116]

Theology is at a crossroads. For two thousand years theology has been the possession of the Catholic Church , an imperial monarchic organization which has turned about to be corrupt to the core [as we might expect from its claims to absolute power]. This corruption became manifest when the Church rejected the scientific method as a source of truth and solipsistically defined itself to be infallible. Now it is in ruins, destroyed by the criminal rape of vulnerable people and the subsequent cover up.

The Church suppressed scientific theology because it exposes the feet of clay. There is no scientific evidence for the Christian story. It is all a fiction dreamed up by the Church and the religious ideas it encountered in the Roman Empire which it eventually came to control and then supercede, creating 'Christian Europe'.

The Church, like political elites everywhere, places itself above humanity. It thinks it can act with complete impunity because its God said 'Whatever you bind ' ' ' . But it cannon. Its fantasies contradict the realities revealed by science (by which I mean all knowledge tied to sensation). Its monarchical structure contradicts the most fundamental thermodynamic or statistical mechanical observation of all, that stable systems have maximum entropy. They cover all possibilities, ie they are local Gods.

The faithful are getting sick of their hard earned donations being used to obtain out of court settlements that continue the cover-up of the Church's sexual and gender crimes. It is now time to point out that this is small beer compared to the mental rape of children inherent in the

[page 117]

Church's claim to have the right to propagandize everyone [of any age].

The theoretical backone of mathematical theology is fairly heavy nerd work but we are fortunate that the advent of the internet has bred a large work force skilled in this area. With funding and parallel processing (ie many workers) the outlines should not take long to sketch.

ALGEBRA - SYMMETRY x can be any number.

The end of the theological mainstream road came for me when i read that Catholic Universities (like the Australian Catholic University) owed 'institutional fidelity' to the Church, Ie Catholic but not catholic, Universities, but not universities where free thought guided by evidence reigns. John Paul II: Ex Corde Ecclesiae: Apostolic Constitution of the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II on Catholic Universities

The last few centuries of physics have taught s that no idea can be [too] outlandish, but that most outlandish ideas are inconsistent with reality, ie they unnecessarily reduce entropy.

Seymour-Smith page 491: '[Graves] has sometimes been taken by his enemies (and occasionally by his friends, if only when they have been impatient with him)—as a man who conceals a straightforward 'Don Juanism' under a pious system.

'No judgement could be more mistaken. Gaves differs from most other men in his feeling that any sort of resistance to romantic love is a kind of sin, a refusal of the Goddess, of what the Goddess means to him'. Just what Don would have said!

The coupling between love and suffering is a perverted

[page 118]

Catholic idea, an overemphasis on grief where death is normal and inevitable.

Seymour-Smith: Graves: ' "Only during the last three years have I ventured to dramatize, truthfully and factually, the vicissitudes of a poet's dealings with the White Goddess, the Muse, the perpetual Other Woman. Whatever may be said against her, sheat least gives him an honest warning of what to expect—as it were tying a poison label around her neck. . . . " ' Sick. Poison only to one who cannot adapt to another person.

page 494: ' "A few years ago after an emotional crisis, I wrote a poem advising myself to be content with the mild pleasures of old age and inaction." '

The Theology Company, byt taking the work of both the Church and the military in maintaining public health and safety, can expect to harvest a small proportionof the cashflow in these industries, which may account for 10-15% of Glo0bal Product (GP).

page 311: graves: '. . . "Baraka—it means all sorts of things in Arabic but it is whatever makes a poem a poem—holiness, rapture, love, virtue (from the world Barak lightning)." '

page 520: White Goddess - incomputable, belle dame sans merci
Block Goddess - computable, reliable helpmate

522 Man Does, Woman Is, 1964

All Graves trouble arises because he wants to own people. A control freak like Laura Riding.

[page 119]

Seymour-Smith page 534: Graves: ' "I write this for your sake, not mine, and I hate writing it. . . . I may not post it: but you will get the message nevertheless." ' A well honed hypocrite, product of Christianity.

page 564: 'He had now connected the practice of love directly with the observation of decency in human affairs.'

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Bierce, Ambrose Gwinnett, and David E Schults, S T Joshi (Editors), The Unabridged Devil's Dictionary, University of Georgia Press 2001 Amazon customer review: 'Ambrose Bierce, in this hilarious book, satirizes all aspects of human behavior. This lexicon that he has created provides often true insight in to the tacit meanings of otherwise benign words. For example, PRAY, v. To ask that the laws of the universe be annulled in behalf of a single petitioner confessedly unworthy. This book is a must-get.' Doshi 
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Deighton, Len, London Match, Ballantine Books 1997 Amazon Editorial Review From Publishers Weekly 'Winding up the tense story begun in Berlin Game and continued in Mexico Set, Deighton's new thriller follows British intelligence agent Bernard Samson as he careens between troubled spots in Berlin and London. Bernard's recent triumph is persuading the KGB's renowned spy Erich Stennis to defect to England but, since Samson's wife Fiona has gone over to the Russians, he isn't entirely trusted by his colleagues. Now suspicions that another mole has been planted among the operatives in London exacerbate Samson's fears, mostly for his small children, if he is accused. Determined to protect himself from his own fellow workers and the wily plots of Fiona and the KGB, Samson plunges into harrowing situations, climaxing in a bloody battle which both sides claim they've won. Actually, as Samson reveals, everybody loses in the deadly game of espionage.' Copyright 1985 Reed Business Information, Inc 
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Feynman, Richard P, and Robert B Leighton, Matthew Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (volume 3) : Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley 1970 Foreword: 'This set of lectures tries to elucidate from the beginning those features of quantum mechanics which are the most basic and the most general. ... In each instance the ideas are introduced together with a detailed discussion of some specific examples - to try to make the physical ideas as real as possible.' Matthew Sands 
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Graves, Robert, The Nazarene Gospel Restored, House of Stratus 2004 Amazon Book Description: 'Drawing upon Jewish scholarship and a vast knowledge of the ancient world, this extraordinary account attempts to reconstruct the historical Jesus by placing emphasis on the narrative of his life. Similar to The Da Vinci Code in mood, this revised edition untangles the distortions and age-old problems of the original texts to uncover the truth behind Jesus’s words and actions. It also includes a detailed account of the composition and reception of the book—when it first published, it was deemed controversial, its reviews were hostile, and its author was twice sued for libel.' 
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Istrastescu, Vasile I, Fixed Point Theory: An Introduction, Kluwer Academic 2002  
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Kolmogorov, A N , and Nathan Morrison (Translator) (With an added bibliography by A T Bharucha-Reid), Foundations of the Theory of Probability, Chelsea 1956 Preface: 'The purpose of this monograph is to give an axiomatic foundation for the theory of probability. . . . This task would have been a rather hopeless one before the introduction of Lebesgue's theories of measure and integration. However, after Lebesgue's publication of his investigations, the analogies between measure of a set and mathematical expectation of a random variable became apparent. These analogies allowed of further extensions; thus, for example, various properties of independent random variables were seen to be incomplete analogy with the corresponding properties of orthogonal functions ... ' 
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Lide, David R, and (Editor-inChief), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Refrence Book of Chemical and Physical Datya, Taylor and Francis 2005-2006 Preface: 'Notwithstanding the new appearance of the pages, the overall philosophy of the Handbook remains the same, namely to provide a broad coverage of all types of data commonly encounted by physical scientists and engineers with as much depth as can be accommodated in a one-volume format. In spite of the growing popularity of Internet searching, which often turns up voluminous information of questionable quality, we feel there is still a need for a concise, reliable reference source spanning the full range of the physical sciences and focusing on key data that are frequently needed by R&D professionals, engineers and students. . . . '  
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Papers
Lan, Shau-Yu, et al, "A Clock Directly Linking Time to a Particle's Mass", Science, 339, 6119, 1 February 2013, page 554-557. 'ABSTRACT Historically, time measurements have been based on oscillation frequencies in systems of particles, from the motion of celestial bodies to atomic transitions. Relativity and quantum mechanics show that even a single particle of mass m determines a Compton frequency ω0 = mc2/ℏ, where c is the speed of light and ℏ is Planck's constant h divided by 2π. A clock referenced to ω0 would enable high-precision mass measurements and a fundamental definition of the second. We demonstrate such a clock using an optical frequency comb to self-reference a Ramsey-Bordé atom interferometer and synchronize an oscillator at a subharmonic of ω0. This directly demonstrates the connection between time and mass. It allows measurement of microscopic masses with 4 × 10−9 accuracy in the proposed revision to SI units. Together with the Avogadro project, it yields calibrated kilograms.'. back
Links
Atom - Wikipedia Atom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons). The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by the electromagnetic force.' back
Born rule - Wikipedia Born rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Born rule (also called the Born law, Born's rule, or Born's law) is a law of quantum mechanics which gives the probability that a measurement on a quantum system will yield a given result. It is named after its originator, the physicist Max Born. The Born rule is one of the key principles of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. There have been many attempts to derive the Born rule from the other assumptions of quantum mechanics, with inconclusive results. . . . The Born rule states that if an observable corresponding to a Hermitian operator A with discrete spectrum is measured in a system with normalized wave function (see Bra-ket notation), then the measured result will be one of the eigenvalues λ of A, and the probability of measuring a given eigenvalue λi will equal <psi,|Pi|psi> where Pi is the projection onto the eigenspace of A corresponding to λi'. back
Commonweal: Editorial After Benedict: Changing Expectations for the Papacy Even Benedict’s most ardent supporters concede that his papacy has been marred by too many scandals and too many gaffes. The few glimpses the public has gotten into the opaque operations of the Holy See—from the Vatican bank controversy to the inept machinations of the pope’s own butler—reveal an institution in crisis. These intrigues are especially disconcerting as the church still struggles to come to terms with the legacy of the sexual-abuse crisis. Unfortunately, the courtly secrecy surrounding the deliberations to elect the next pope provides an all-too-obvious reminder of the lack of transparency and accountability in the operations of the entire hierarchy. back
Eternal sin - Wikipedia Eternal sin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Eternal sins or unforgivable sins or unpardonable sins are part of Christian hamartiology, which is the Christian theology of sins. These are sins which will not be forgiven by God whereby salvation becomes impossible. One eternal or unforgiveable sin is specified in several passages of the Synoptic Gospels.[1] Verse 29 in Mark 3 states that there is one sin considered "eternal" and that is "blasphemy against the Holy Spirit"; however this verse is rarely taken literally except by biblical literalists. Some other sins that are sometimes considered eternal or unforgivable include impenitence (refusing to accept the Mercy of God by repenting) as in the Catholic Catechism #1864 or ascribing the work of the Holy Spirit to the Devil.' back
Fermat's principle - Wikipedia Fermat's principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In optics, Fermat's principle or the principle of least time is the idea that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. This principle is sometimes taken as the definition of a ray of light.[1] Fermat's Principle can be used to describe the properties of light rays reflected off mirrors, refracted through different media, or undergoing total internal reflection. It can be deduced from Huygens' principle, and can be used to derive Snell's law of refraction and the law of reflection.' back
History of the term Catholic - Wikipedia History of the term "Catholic" - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The word catholic (derived via Late Latin catholicus, from the Greek adjective καθολικός (katholikos), meaning "universal") comes from the Greek phrase καθόλου (katholou), meaning "on the whole", "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words κατά meaning "about" and όλος meaning "whole". The word in English can mean either "including a wide variety of things; all-embracing" or "of the Roman Catholic faith" as "relating to the historic doctrine and practice of the Western Church."' back
Holy See Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Profile: 'CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH Founded in 1542 by Pope Paul III with the Constitution "Licet ab initio," . . . The only curial organism which is older is the Secretariat of State, whose forerunner, the Apostolic Secretariat, was created by Innocent VIII on December 31, 1487, with the Constitution "Non debet reprehensibile." . . . Today, according to Article 48 of the Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia, 'Pastor Bonus,' promulgated by the Holy Father John Paul II on June 28, 1988, "the duty proper to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is to promote and safeguard the doctrine on the faith and morals throughout the Catholic world: for this reason everything which in any way touches such matter falls within its competence." The congregation is now headed by Prefect Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. It has a secretary, Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., named June 13, an under-secretary, Msgr. Jozef Zlatnansky, and a staff of 32, according to the 1995 "Annuario Pontificio" or "Pontifical Yearbook." It also has 23 members - cardinals, archbishops and bishops - and 27 consultors. Given the nature of its task, congregation work is divided into four distinct sections: the doctrinal office, the disciplinary office, the matrimonial office and that for priests. back
John Paul II Fides et Ratio: On the relationship between faith and reason. para 2: 'The Church is no stranger to this journey of discovery, nor could she ever be. From the moment when, through the Paschal Mystery, she received the gift of the ultimate truth about human life, the Church has made her pilgrim way along the paths of the world to proclaim that Jesus Christ is “the way, and the truth, and the life” (Jn 14:6).' back
John Paul II Ex Corde Ecclesiae '27. Every Catholic University, without ceasing to be a University, has a relationship to the Church that is essential to its institutional identity. As such, it participates most directly in the life of the local Church in which it is situated; at the same time, because it is an academic institution and therefore a part of the international community of scholarship and inquiry, each institution participates in and contributes to the life and the mission of the universal Church, assuming consequently a special bond with the Holy See by reason of the service to unity which it is called to render to the whole Church. One consequence of its essential relationship to the Church is that the institutional fidelity of the University to the Christian message includes a recognition of and adherence to the teaching authority of the Church in matters of faith and morals. Catholic members of the university community are also called to a personal fidelity to the Church with all that this implies. Non-Catholic members are required to respect the Catholic character of the University, while the University in turn respects their religious liberty. back
Lagrangian - Wikipedia Lagrangian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Lagrangian, L, of a dynamical system is a function that summarizes the dynamics of the system. It is named after Joseph Louis Lagrange. The concept of a Lagrangian was originally introduced in a reformulation of classical mechanics by Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton known as Lagrangian mechanics. In classical mechanics, the Lagrangian is defined as the kinetic energy, T, of the system minus its potential energy, V. In symbols, L = T - V. ' back
Mark 16:15 Mark 16:15 He said to them, "Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation. 'Matthew 28:19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,
Acts 1:2 until the day he was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen.
Acts 1:8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth."
Colossians 1:23 if you continue in your faith, established and firm, not moved from the hope held out in the gospel. This is the gospel that you heard and that has been proclaimed to every creature under heaven, and of which I, Paul, have become a servant.'
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Maupertuis' principle - Wikipedia Maupertuis' principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In classical mechanics, Maupertuis' principle (named after Pierre Louis Maupertuis) is an integral equation that determines the path followed by a physical system without specifying the time parameterization of that path. It is a special case of the more generally stated principle of least action. More precisely, it is a formulation of the equations of motion for a physical system not as differential equations, but as an integral equation, using the calculus of variations.' back
Maurice Healy Eirlys Roberts 'The mother of the modern consumer movement and co-founder of Which? . . . She was a professional, and believed the magazine had to come out, whatever the difficulties. And she was fired by a principle - that people deserve good information to make them effective members of society. Good information meant an unbiased source, as accurate as humanly possible, and supported by the force of reason. It was no accident that one of the chapter headings in Eirlys's book Consumers (1966) was The Scientific Content of Consumer Research. . . . Above all, she had a conviction that good information, put in the hands of the people, could change the world.' back
Pontifical Academy of Sciences Home Page of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences back
Pontifical Academy of Sciences Home page of the Pontifical Academy of Scences 'Founded in Rome on 17 August 1603 as the first exclusively scientific academy in the world by Federico Cesi, Giovanni Heck, Francesco Stelluti and Anastasio de Filiis with the name Linceorum Academia, to which Galileo Galilei was appointed member on 25 August 1610, it was reestablished in 1847 by Pius IX with the name Pontificia Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei. It was moved to its current headquarters in the Casina Pio IV in the Vatican Gardens in 1922, and given its current name and statutes by Pius XI in 1936.Its mission is to honour pure science wherever it may be found, ensure its freedom and encourage research for the progress of science.' back
Pontifical Academy of Sciences: Disciplies Home Page of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences back
Scientific method - Wikipedia Scientific method - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. The Oxford English Dictionary says that scientific method is: "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses." back

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