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vol VII: Notes

2013

Notes

[Sunday 10 March 2013 - Saturday 16 March 2013]

[Notebook: DB 75 Reconstruction]

Sunday 10 March 2013

[page 22]

Monday 11 March 2013

From a formal and empirical point of view, quantum mechanics appears to work perfectly. But how are we to interpret it? Let us guess that quantum mechanics is a set of algorithms for predicting the traffic on a network. A communication is a computation, as we see from Shannon's theory. Each channel is defined by a coding/decoding algorithm, codec. So we let each eigenfunction represent a channel, so that the relative traffic on a set of channels is described by the Born rule, which tells us what we expect to observe when we 'measure; a given transformation or change of state, eg when we observe the spectrum of an atom arising from changes in its electronic state. The formalism suggests that all the eigenfunctions are computed simultaneously in parallel by a transformation matrix [operator]. Since these transformations are assumed to be continuous, this implies large or infinite computational bandwidth, a feature that the quantum communication community hopes

[page 23]

to exploit. The problem arises in observation which gives us a low resolution view of the process believed to occur at infinite resolution, where resolution is measured by a count of distinguishable states [ie in a continuous process, the cardinal of the continuum]. The frequency of messages on a complete set of channels (basis) is very precisely defined by quantum field theory, as is the energy of the states measured, although a large number of observations is necessary to gain the statistical power to verify our calculations [to any high degree of accuracy]. The perturbative method (Feynman diagrams) suggests to us that we are dealing with a network of channels, the first order being heavily traffic[ked] and the traffic on higher order channels being exponentially lighter. Codec - Wikipedia, Born rule - Wikipedia, Hill

energy <==> frequency
line = fixed point
probability <==> entropy
traffic = motion between fixed points

So we find ourselves measuring relatively precise states (lines) and frequencies of these messages (line weights) on the assumption that one message = one instance of one line.

The precision with which we can compute the position of the lines (messages) in the spectrum of a given network (ie the locality inside a certain event horizon defined by the velocity of communication (light)) suggests that the underlying process is deterministic.

Mathematically we represent a deterministic process by a Turing machine. If we make this asspumtion, Turing showed that not all continuous functions are computable, which suggests that the classical assumption that continuous

[page 24]

mathematics is deterministic fails almost always. This fact may be used to understand the unpredictability of measurement outcomes without the need to introduce a mysterious 'collapse of the wave function'. The definite messages we receive when we observe a quantum system are effectively random events, like the emission of symbols from a communication source. Although we know that all messages have some meaning in the context where they are found, the mathematical theory of communication proceeds on the basis that they are meaningless (ie symmetrical with respect to meaning) and we can treat them as random events from a scheme of probabilities.

The network approach to quantum mechanics also explains quantization itself, since the mathematical theory shows us how to obtain error free communication by spacing messages so far apart in communication space that there is a vanishing probability of confusion = error.

So a die lands precisely and computably on one face but unpredictably. Each face is a line in the continuum of dice movement and in an unloaded die the line weights are equal.

The conclusion of this argument is that quantum mechanics describes the Universe it the same level of symmetry or abstraction as communication theory, that is on the assumption that the statistical structures of the sources are ergodic [and stationary] and that the messages are meaningless. A perfectly coded message has a perfectly flat spectrum, maximum entropy, equal lineweights.

[page 25]

Now, using the notion of layering in a network, we can introduce the notion of meaning, which accounts for different line weights, that is the exact structure of the operations that are used to transform from one state to another. Here is encoded meaning, ie the actual messages which make the world (or a hydrogen atom) go.

All the functions that are Turing machine computable can be executed by a nand gate and by a quantum computer. What do we need in a computer capable of executing a path in the path integral method? It simply needs to be able to add and multiply complex amplitudes and maybe at the simplest level, such amplitudes are represented by the digits 1, i, -1, -i.

On modelling the world to NT/Essays On modelling the world

Grandin 9780547443157 Montgomery

Moonbird 978037404683 Hoose

Tuesday 12 March 2013

. . .

The connection between 'collapse' and insight is via the invariance of the process of generating fixed points with respect to complexity, ie with respect to the cardinal index of the layers in a network.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking: why does it happen? decreased energy? Increased entropy? Entropy is the count of fixed points in a dynamic system. An isothermal gas has maximum entropy. The fixed points are the molecules and the conservation of action, energy and momentum. A reversible (Carnot) engine conserves entropy. It extracts energy and entropy from the hot reservoir, turns some of the energy into mechanical energy (entropy zero) and transmits the entropy left to the cold reservoir. Assuming the hot and cold reservoirs themselves contain the same number of molecules, the hot reservoir is losing entropy to the cold reservoir (is communicating with it) but since they are both infinite neither this nor the transfer of energy changes their temperatures. This can also be achieved (as is done in practice) by supplying energy to the hot reservoir (eg boiler) and removing it from the cold reservoir (cooling tower). Spontaneous symmetry breaking - Wikipedia

The simple mathematical formulations of statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics etc does not immediately reveal to us the physical processes that give rise to the mathematical relationships, which insofar as they are invariant must be maintained by deterministic computation, or a control loop (which itself depends on deterministic observation, computation and execution).

The mathematical connections of statistical mechanics to thermodynamics and communication theory are symmetries represented by algorithms (encodings and decodings) which can be executed by a computer and which we can assume are executed by a computational process.

[page 27]

The connection of two machines in a network introduces phase differences which in quantum mechanics leads to the breaking of probabilistic symmetry as we see in the pattern formed by the two slit experiment which is generated by adding phases and applying the Born rule. So we can explain quantum statistical mechanics by the addition of complex amplitudes which predict the rate of two way communication. If the machines are in phase a message is massed, if not the message is rejected. In more complex machines asynchronous communication is mafe possible by memory, messages to a machine being queued until the machine is ready to accept them.

Sun over the hill at 7.38 am AEDT.

All this is a matter of climbing around noetic space and twisting and turning until I get a meaningful picture of what is going on. All this is a consequence of the divine Universe 'heuristic structure', ie metaphysics built on the assumption that the Universe is intelligible and accounts for its own fixed points (structure) even though it cannot explain how it got here in the first place, Since this is like asking a system with no structure (omnino simplex) to explain itself, it is a question that cannot be meaningfully asked or answered, the basic fact, 'am anfang war die Tat'.

Gravitation is an entropic force? [like the Cantor force?] So we might be able to understand gravitation as a network thing in the same way as we explain the rest of the Universe as a network thing and we might explain the weakness of gravitation by the idea that there is no memory in pure

[page 28]

energy so that all interactions have to be in real time which means that there is only a small chance of a message passing which corresponds to a small force. A gas has memory in the form of its particles, but gravitation dates from a layer beneath massive (bound) particles. So we continue to look for an expression of the symmetry (the 'nothing') that stretches from the initial singularity to the 'omega point'. It is (it seems) consistency, the only constraint on the Universe. Nothing can happen unless it is consistent, ie completely uninhibited (Lonergan: actually unconditioned, virtually unconditioned in theory), ie connected. Entropic force - Wikipedia

How does this construct 3D space: as we have said before it is the minimum space of maximum entropy in that every point can be connected to every other without any crossed wires.

As a sugar daddy I pay for your company / input. You input pleasure into me and I might inject a baby into you. The late life erotic outburst that may get me over the hurdles into the divine world. As inhibitions are removed, excitement grows. So the prophet, who believes he/she sees with perfect clarity is moved to speak and act.

Johnson: Sorrows Johnson

Johnson page 20: 'Bare moments after the Berlin wall went down and even as the Soviet Union was unravelling, Pentagon chief Dick Cheney urged increased military spending.

[page 29]

The transfinite numbers are the domain of recursive function theory.

Johnson page 24: 'The American network of bases s a sign not of military preparedness but of militarism, the inescapable companion of imperialism.'

Wednesday 13 March 2013

Arendt: Totalitarianism page 322: 'Dictatorial terror—distinguished from totalitarian terror insofar as it threatens only authentic opponents but not harmless citizens without political opinions—had been grim enough to suffocate all political life, open or clandestine, even before Lenin's death. . . . if the liquidation of classes made no political sense, it was positively disastrous for the Soviet economy. Arendt

page 323: 'Totalitarian movements are mass organizations of atomized isolated individuals.' organized vs isolated. 'Compared with other paties and movements, their most conspicuous external characteristic is their demand for total unrestricted unconditionsl and unalterable loyalty of the individual member.' Love the Lord thy God above all without love your neighbour.

page 325: 'Totalitarianism is never content to rule by external means, namely through the state and the machinery of violence; thanks to its peculiar ideology and the role assigned to it in this apparatus of coercion, totalitarianism has discovered a means of dominating and terrorizing human beings from within.' Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith - Wikipedia

[page 30]

The n basic theorems of the model:

1. Cantor Cantor
2. Fixed Point: Brouwer Casti
3. Turing Alan Turing
4. Gödel Feferman
5. Shannon Shannon

Quantization - orthogonality

Thursday 14 March 2013

Following Cantor, we increase the number of fixed points in the world by creating ordered sets of fixed points of lower cardinals, like position significant notations. The positions are established by the time course of dynamical processes like writing and reading this text of the dynamic process of a computer.

Arendt reinforces the notion that totalitarian systems are generated by destroying all relationships except those between subject and ruler so that individual people are alone and unsupported before Stalin, Mao or the Catholic God and can be liquidated at will. The alternative, proposed by natural religion and obvious in normal communities is that ewer form network hierarchies of bonding with one another in order to support one another in the divine wilderness where cooperation and communication are the key to survival with sufficient headroom to feel safe and loved.

[page 31]

Sun 7.43.

Johnson page 63: 'Richard Gardner, a former ambassador to Spain and Italy, estimates that by a rate of at least sixteen to one, the United States spends more on preparing for war than trying to prevent it.'

Morris West, Shoes puts his finger on some totally arrogant Catholic opinion: The Pope's diary: ' "I am either unmoved or tremendously troubled by the sight of natural grandeur or even by a spectacular artefact designed by its makers. As soon as man appears, I am comforted again because man is the only significant link between the physical order and the spiritual one. Without man the Universe is a howling wasteland contemplated by an unseen Deity . . . " ' They still have not learned from Galileo. Coronet 1985 page 100. West

Friday 15 March 2013

Quantum mechanics yields all the fixed points at the fundamental level of the Universe. All other fixed points are compounded of these, which play the role of the natural numbers in the generation of the transfinite numbers, and quantum interactions provide the basic computing/messaging power in this network. [Quantum field theory also tells us how the fixed points of a given system move when it is in communication with other systems]

The mechanism by which we think is rooted in quantum mechanics, and we conjecture, has the same structure as quantum mechanics at a different cardinal level.

[page 32]

So where are we now? Quantum mechanics uses an alphabet of computable function which it generates in a Peano-like way by recursion, building routines out of subroutines and then assembling them into superroutines in an endless paleontology of layers.

Saturday 16 March 2013

I can find much of the evidence of both the damage and construction that the Church has done in the world in my own life, particularly the totalitarian doctrine designed to separate me from the world reality and focus myself solely on their invisible God. Poverty, refraining from earning a living as all other creatures do, but instead begging undder the pretext of a higher purpose. Chastity, making all my sensual desires a secret sin, surrounded with shame, only to be repaired in the secrecy of confession to an agent of God. Obedience, to show allegiance to no power but the Pope, vicar of God. Millions of people have seen these delusions in the Church and abandoned it. My own conservative instinct is to turn it around by keeping all of its social benefits under the umbrella of a new vision of God which establishes myself and everybody else as divine sources of action for both personal and common good. The Old Catholic Church is the archetype of the police state inherited and perfected form ancient Rome. The new church is a network connecting us all on the network of humanity that sees no borders [or] sects.

[page 35]

The creation of enemies to focus their population is a standard ploy of ruling elites. The US was able to live off the Soviet Union for nearly fifty years after World War II but then the Soviets dropped out of the game and it took an immense public relations effort to build up the destruction of a few office blocks into an enemy of a similar stature. Since then it has done everything possible to build up the confrontation of the Crusader and the Jihadi (?) [mujihad], sending itself broke in the process, a welcome example of negative feedback (Jackson, Blowback) The Church, of course, has the Devil, who is effectively omnipotent from the human point of view and determined to undermine God's work. A childish scenario, like the war against terrorism, which is in itself terrorism. We can replace all this dangerous rubbish with a clear understanding of how the world works to create pockets of peace in the divine wilderness, beginning with the place of Earth in the Universe. Jihad - Wikipedia, Johnson

For the Theology Company, the 'enemy' and the source of revenue is the mentality embedded in the Church, just as for a cleaning company the enemy and the source of revenue is dirt, however defined. Abstractly all human activites are directed toward new construction and the maintainence of such constructs by error prevention and correction. Abstractly, again, this can be conceived as enlarging the netowrk.

Brown: Da Vinci page 217: 'These documents, they believed, corroborated Godefroi's powerful secret and we so explosive in nature that the Church would stop at nothing to get them.' The invention of writing and the universal power it gave the

[page 34]

literate elite, seduced many into thinking that writings take precedence over reality. Nowhere is this error more powerfully embodied than the Church, and Dan Brown makes a living from the same error. Brown

'powerful secret' is a contradiction insofar as power requires communication, so breaking the secrecy.

Brown page 218: 'The Knights [Templar] discovered something down there in the ruins . . . something that made them wealthy and powerful beyond anyone's wildest imagination.' Oil? Meaningless documents, well marketed. Intellectual property . . . mystical runes . . . the theory of everything . . . words of power . . . all exsmples of human language, a subset of the countable languages of God - channels in the divine network = computable functions.

Innocent II: Templar Bull 'powerful documents' History of the Knights Templar - Wikipedia

Clement V and dissolution of Templars? Clement V - Catholic Encyclopedia

Brown page 221: 'What truth? What could possibly be more powerful>' Quantum mechanics and the creative power of networks? Ye Grail, the much sought answer to everything, ie God.

The marketing department of the theology company has to establish a 'frisson' comparable to the grail. Adding emotional overtones to promote acceptace, a la advertising industry.

[US] Declaration of Independence: United States Congress

[page 35]

All these things we seek in a best seller, love, death, secrecy, surprise, police etc, all thesse features serving to paint a picture of the minds of best seller writers and readers.

LAW - SYMMETRY - FIXED POINT the behaviour of all the peers in a layer is bounded by law, arising either from the layers below, the peers themselves (their communication protocols) or the layers above.

I am caught in the prophetic obsession, to discover and reveal something about God.

? Asymmetric war = premeditated murder, a la Churchill's early days. Battle of Omdurman - Wikipedia

Brown page 313: Sol Invictus. The sun is our local remote source of life. Sol Invictus - Wikipedia

page 314: 'Historians still marvel at the brilliance with which Constantine converted the sun-worshipping pagans to Christianity. By fusing pagan symbols dates and rituals into the growing Christian tradition, he created a sort of hybrid religion that was acceptable to both parties' as the founding fathers have tried to do, creating the religion we call nationalism.

Mithras Mithraic mysteries - Wikipedia

Nicea and the apotheosis of Jesus? First Council of Nicea - Wikipedia

[page 36]

Brown page 326: 'stolen Jesus'.

page 319: grail = person = source.

Energy is conserved, at least algebraically. Entropy grows. Entropy is a count of the fixed points and with each fixed point is associated a potential well. The creation of a fixed point, therefore, increases entropy, but conserves energy because the two elements of the fixed point, the potential and the message, contain opposite amounts of energy. A fixed point is quantum mechanically an occupied state.

page 328: Mary Magdalene; 'the prostitute': truth can be suborned by politics. A consequence of the proposition divine ≠ human.

page 331: 'Gospel of Philip' Gospel of Philip - Wikipedia

page 333: 'The Gospel of Mary Magdalene' Gospel of Mary - Wikipedia

page 350: Disney Mermaid

page 369: 'God judges the worthy' What works, what fails.

On the judgement of God

Brown page 484: 'Kings College theological database.' Research Institute in Systematic Theology. King's College London

How can the gentle ones control the violent?

[page 37]

All actions take time = 1/energy.

Copyright:

You may copy this material freely provided only that you quote fairly and provide a link (or reference) to your source.


Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Arendt, Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism, Harvest Books 1973 'Generally regarded as the definitive work on totalitarianism, this book is an essential component of any study of twentieth-century political movements. Arendt was one of the first to recognize that Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union were two sides of the same coin rather than opposing philosophies of Right and Left. With The Origins of Totalitarianism Hannah Arendt emerges as the most original and profound—therefore the most valuable—political theoretician of our times" (New Leader).' 
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Brown, Dan, The Da Vinci Code, Doubleday 2003 From Publishers Weekly: 'Brown's latest thriller . . . is an exhaustively researched page-turner about secret religious societies, ancient coverups and savage vengeance. The action kicks off in modern-day Paris with the murder of the Louvre's chief curator, whose body is found laid out in symbolic repose at the foot of the Mona Lisa. Seizing control of the case are Sophie Neveu, a lovely French police cryptologist, and Harvard symbol expert Robert Langdon, reprising his role from Brown's last book. The two find several puzzling codes at the murder scene, all of which form a treasure map to the fabled Holy Grail. As their search moves from France to England, Neveu and Langdon are confounded by two mysterious groups-the legendary Priory of Sion, a nearly 1,000-year-old secret society whose members have included Botticelli and Isaac Newton, and the conservative Catholic organization Opus Dei. Both have their own reasons for wanting to ensure that the Grail isn't found. Brown sometimes ladles out too much religious history at the expense of pacing, and Langdon is a hero in desperate need of more chutzpah. Still, Brown has assembled a whopper of a plot that will please both conspiracy buffs and thriller addicts.' 
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Cantor, Georg, Contributions to the FoundinCantorg of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers (Translated, with Introduction and Notes by Philip E B Jourdain), Dover 1955 Jacket: 'One of the greatest mathematical classics of all time, this work established a new field of mathematics which was to be of incalculable importance in topology, number theory, analysis, theory of functions, etc, as well as the entire field of modern logic.' 
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Casti, John L, Five Golden Rules: Great Theories of 20th-Century Mathematics - and Why They Matter, John Wiley and Sons 1996 Preface: '[this book] is intended to tell the general reader about mathematics by showcasing five of the finest achievements of the mathematician's art in this [20th] century.' p ix. Treats the Minimax theorem (game theory), the Brouwer Fixed-Point theorem (topology), Morse's theorem (singularity theory), the Halting theorem (theory of computation) and the Simplex method (optimisation theory). 
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Feferman, Solomon, and John W Dawson, Stephen C Kleene, Gregory H Moore, Robert M Solovay, Jean van Heijenoort (editors), Kurt Goedel: Collected Works Volume 1 Publications 1929-1936, Oxford UP 1986 Jacket: 'Kurt Goedel was the most outstanding logician of the twentieth century, famous for his work on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypotheses. ... The first volume of a comprehensive edition of Goedel's works, this book makes available for the first time in a single source all his publications from 1929 to 1936, including his dissertation. ...' 
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Hill, Raymond, A First Course in Coding Theory, Oxford University Press, USA 1990 Amazon Editorial Reviews Book Description: 'Algebraic coding theory is a new and rapidly developing subject, popular for its many practical applications and for its fascinatingly rich mathematical structure. This book provides an elementary yet rigorous introduction to the theory of error-correcting codes. Based on courses given by the author over several years to advanced undergraduates and first-year graduated students, this guide includes a large number of exercises, all with solutions, making the book highly suitable for individual study. 
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Hoose, Phillip, Mooonbird: A Year on the Windwith the Great Survivor B95, Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2012 'Moonbird is a nickname scientists have given to a small Eastern shorebird known for both his unusually long life and his enormously long annual migration. Hoose intertwines the story of this bird's remarkable survival with detailed accounts of the rufa red knot's physical changes through its yearlong cycle of migrating from the bottom of the world (usually Tierra del Fuego) to its Arctic breeding grounds and back again at summer's end-a round trip of some 18,000 miles. Moonbird, known usually by the identifying label "B95" on his orange leg band, was first banded in 1995, when it was thought that he was at least three years old, and Hoose notes sightings of him through early 2011 just as the book was reaching completion. At that point it was estimated that over 20 years' time, B95 had flown "more than 325,000 miles in his life-the distance to the moon and nearly halfway back." The feat is particularly celebrated among bird scientists because this species is rapidly declining as humans use and misuse its feeding grounds and food supply. The threatened state of the species and the personal work being done by scientists and conservationists are strong themes throughout the book. Hoose describes his own experiences participating in study trips and introduces children and teens engaged in study, conservation, and lobbying projects in Canada, the United States, and Argentina. This deeply researched, engaging account is a substantial and well-designed package of information illustrated with handsome color photographs, ample maps, appended descriptions of the conservation work, and thorough source notes.' -Margaret Bush, Simmons College, Bostonα(c) Copyright 2011. Library Journals LLC 
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Huizinga, Johan, The Waning of the Middle Ages, University Of Chicago Press 1997 Amazon editorial review: 'In 1919, Johan Huizinga revealed in the original version of this book that the ideals, aspirations, and behaviors of humanity in history were dramatically different from those in present day. In Herfsttjj der Middeleeuwen, he recalled the waning years of the Middle Ages--the low countries in northern Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries--and argued against those who claimed that human belief systems remain the same even if contexts change. His account rested not on historical fact, but on the emotions and ambitions of the people as expressed through the art and literature of their culture. Many people treated the book as groundbreaking work, and it was translated into English in 1924. This new translation is a complete, more direct version of the original and allows modern readers a full appreciation of life in an era rarely revisited.' 
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Johnson, Chalmers, The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy and the End of the Republic, Metropolitan Books 2004 'In Sorrows of Empire, Johnson discusses the roots of American militarism, the rise and extent of the military-industrial complex, and the close ties between arms industry executives and high-level politicians. He also looks closely at how the military has extended the boundaries of what constitutes national security in order to centralize intelligence agencies under their control and how statesmen have been replaced by career soldiers on the front lines of foreign policy--a shift that naturally increases the frequency with which we go to war. Though his conclusions are sure to be controversial, Johnson is a skilled and experienced historian who backs up his claims with copious research and persuasive arguments. His important book adds much to a debate about the realities and direction of U.S. influence in the world.' --Shawn Carkonen Copyright © Reed Business Information 
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Johnson, Chalmers, Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, Holt Paperbacks 2004 'The term “blowback,” invented by the CIA, refers to the unintended results of American actions abroad. In this incisive and controversial book, Chalmers Johnson lays out in vivid detail the dangers faced by our overextended empire, which insists on projecting its military power to every corner of the earth and using American capital and markets to force global economic integration on its own terms. From a case of rape by U.S. servicemen in Okinawa to our role in Asia’s financial crisis, from our early support for Saddam Hussein to our conduct in the Balkans, Johnson reveals the ways in which our misguided policies are planting the seeds of future disaster. In a new edition that addresses recent international events from September 11 to the war in Iraq, this now classic book remains as prescient and powerful as ever. ' 
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Montgomery, Sy, and Temple Grandin (foreword), Temple Grandin: How the Girl Who Loved Cows Embraced Austism and Changed the World, Houghton Mifflin Books for Children 2012 'When Temple Grandin was born, her parents knew that she was different. Years later she was diagnosed with autism. While Temple’s doctor recommended a hospital, her mother believed in her. Temple went to school instead. Today, Dr. Temple Grandin is a scientist and professor of animal science at Colorado State University. Her world-changing career revolutionized the livestock industry. As an advocate for autism, Temple uses her experience as an example of the unique contributions that autistic people can make. This compelling biography complete with Temple’s personal photos takes us inside her extraordinary mind and opens the door to a broader understanding of autism.' 
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Shannon, Claude E, and A D Winter, Neil J A Sloane, Collected Papers, Wiley-IEEE Press 1993 Jacket: 'This collection contains all of Claude Elwood Shannon’s published works, as well as many that have never before been published. The published papers include his classic papers on information theory and switching theory. Among the unpublished works are his once-secret war-time reports, his Ph.D. thesis on population genetics, unpublished Bell Labs memoranda, and a paper on the theory of juggling.' 
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West, Morris L, Shoes of the Fisherman, 1988256 pages Amazon customer review: '. . . What makes this book and its attendant film so remarkable is that it was released a full decade before the election of another pope from the communist block. In the 1960s it was considered very shocking to consider a non-Italian pope, much less one coming from behind the Iron Curtain. This of course had the prophetic ring when Karol (not Kiril) from Poland became pope. Another prophetic instance is in the ecclesiastical trial of the radical theologian -- during his defense, this theologian even uses the words that later theologians would use, who were silenced by the Roman order, and who finally had to leave the church to remain true to their convictions in some instances. . . . ' Fr Kurt Messick 
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Papers
Aspect, Alain, P. Grangier, G. Roger, "Experimental Realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell's Inequalities", Physical review Letters, 49, 2, 12 July, 1982, page 91-94. The linear-polarization correlation of pairs of photons emitted in a radiative cascade of calcium has been measured. The new experimental scheme, using two-channel polarizers (i.e., optical analogues of Stern-Gerlach filters), is a straightforward transposition of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm gedankenexperiment. The present results, in excellent agreement with the quantum mechanical predictions, lead to the greatest violation of generalized Bell's inequalities ever achieved.'. back
Links
Alan Turing On Computable Numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem 'The "computable" numbers may be described briefly as the real numbers whose expressions as a decimal are calculable by some finite means. Although the subject of this paper is ostensibly the computable numbers, it is almost equally easy to define and investigate computable functions of an integral variable of a real or computable variable, computable predicates and so forth. . . . ' back
Battle of Omdurman - Wikipedia Battle of Omdurman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'At the Battle of Omdurman (2 September 1898), an army commanded by the British Gen. Sir Herbert Kitchener defeated the army of Abdullah al-Taashi, . . . It was a demonstration of the superiority of a highly disciplined European-led army equipped with modern rifles and artillery over a vastly larger force armed with older weapons . . . Around 10,000 Mahdists were killed, 13,000 wounded and 5,000 taken prisoner. Kitchener's force lost 47 men killed and 382 wounded, the majority from MacDonald's command. One eye-witness described the appalling scene: They could never get near and they refused to hold back . . . It was not a battle but an execution . . . The bodies were not in heaps—bodies hardly ever are; but they spread evenly over acres and acres. Some lay very composedly with their slippers placed under their heads for a last pillow; some knelt, cut short in the middle of a last prayer. Others were torn to pieces . . . [3] Controversy over wounded Mahdist killed after the battle began soon afterwards.[4] Churchill thought Kitchener was too brutal in his killing of the wounded.' back
Born rule - Wikipedia Born rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Born rule (also called the Born law, Born's rule, or Born's law) is a law of quantum mechanics which gives the probability that a measurement on a quantum system will yield a given result. It is named after its originator, the physicist Max Born. The Born rule is one of the key principles of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. There have been many attempts to derive the Born rule from the other assumptions of quantum mechanics, with inconclusive results. . . . The Born rule states that if an observable corresponding to a Hermitian operator A with discrete spectrum is measured in a system with normalized wave function (see Bra-ket notation), then the measured result will be one of the eigenvalues λ of A, and the probability of measuring a given eigenvalue λi will equal <psi,|Pi|psi> where Pi is the projection onto the eigenspace of A corresponding to λi'. back
Clement V - Catholic Encyclopedia Vox in excelsis 'Born at Villandraut in Gascony, France, 1264; died at Roquemaure, 20 April, 1314. He was elected, 5 June, 1305, at Perugia as successor to Benedict XI, after a conclave of eleven months, the great length of which was owing to the French and Italian factions among the cardinals. Ten of the fifteen (mostly Italian) cardinals voting elected him.; back
Codec - Wikipedia Codec - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal. The word codec is a portmanteau of "coder-decoder" or, less commonly, "compressor-decompressor". A codec (the program) should not be confused with a coding or compression format or standard – a format is a document (the standard), a way of storing data, while a codec is a program (an implementation) which can read or write such files. In practice, however, "codec" is sometimes used loosely to refer to formats.' back
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith - Wikipedia Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith - Wikipedia, the fre encyclopedia 'The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei), previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, and sometimes simply called the Holy Office is the oldest of the nine congregations of the Roman Curia. Among the most active of these major Curial departments, it oversees Catholic doctrine. The CDF is the modern name for what used to be the Holy Office of the Inquisition.' back
Crowdsourcing.org Croudfunding 'Financial contributions from online investors, sponsors or donors to fund for-profit or non-profit initiatives or enterprises. Crowdfunding is an approach to raising capital for new projects and businesses by soliciting contributions from a large number of stakeholders following three types of crowdfunding models: (1) Donations, Philanthropy and Sponsorship where there is no expected financial return, (2) Lending and (3) Investment in exchange for equity, profit or revenue sharing.' back
Entropic force - Wikipedia Entropic force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In physics, an entropic force acting in a system is a macroscopic force whose properties are primarily determined not by the character of a particular underlying microscopic force (such as electromagnetism), but by the whole system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy. A standard example of an entropic force is the elasticity of a freely-jointed polymer molecule: if the molecule is pulled into an extended configuration, the fact that more contracted, randomly coiled configurations are overwhelmingly more probable (i.e. possess higher entropy) will result in the chain eventually returning (through diffusion) to such configurations. To the macroscopic observer, the precise origin of the microscopic forces that drive the motion is irrelevant: The observer simply sees the polymer contract into a state of higher entropy, as if driven by an elastic force.' back
First Council of Nicea - Wikipedia First Council of Nicea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia (present-day İznik in Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in A.D. 325. The Council was the first effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom.' back
Gospel of Mary - Wikipedia Gospel of Mary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Gospel of Mary is an apocryphal book discovered in 1896 in a 5th-century papyrus codex. The codex Papyrus Berolinensis 8502 was purchased in Cairo by German scholar Karl Reinhardt. . . . Papyrus Berolinensis 8502, also known as the Akhmim Codex, also contains the Apocryphon of John, the Sophia of Jesus Christ, and a summary of the Act of Peter. All four works contained in the manuscript are written in Sahidic in the Subakhmimic dialect.' back
Gospel of Philip - Wikipedia Gospel of Philip - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Gospel of Philip is one of the Gnostic Gospels, a text of New Testament apocrypha, dating back to around the 3rd century but lost to modern researchers until an Egyptian peasant rediscovered it by accident, buried in a cave near Nag Hammadi, in 1945' back
History of the Knights Templar - Wikipedia History of the Knights Templar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Knights Templar trace their origin back to shortly after the First Crusade. Around 1119, a French nobleman from the Champagne region, Hugues de Payens, collected eight of his knight relatives including Godfrey de Saint-Omer, and began the Order, their stated mission to protect pilgrims on their journey to visit the Holy Places. They approached King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, who allowed them to set up headquarters on the Temple Mount. . . . In 1139, even more power was conferred upon the Order by Pope Innocent II, who issued the papal bull, Omne Datum Optimum. It stated that the Knights Templar could pass freely through any border, owed no taxes, and were subject to no one's authority except that of the Pope. . . . ' back
Jihad - Wikipedia Jihad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Jihad . . . an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād translates as a noun meaning "struggle". . . . There are two commonly accepted meanings of jihad: an inner spiritual struggle and an outer physical struggle. The "greater jihad" is the inner struggle by a believer to fulfill his religious duties. This non-violent meaning is stressed by both Muslim and non-Muslim authors.

The "lesser jihad" is the physical struggle against the enemies of Islam. This physical struggle can take a violent form or a non-violent form. ' back

King's College London Research Institute in Systematic Theology 'The primary aim of the Research Institute in Systematic Theology (RIST) is to provide a framework within which postgraduate theological research can be pursued. It holds regular seminars for staff and postgraduate students, and conferences on chosen topics. The seminars provide students with the opportunity to hear and discuss papers presented by visitors, staff and students. The conferences, which provide further opportunity for selected postgraduates to present papers, enable students to discuss matters of mutual interest with others engaged in theological research.' back
Mithraic mysteries - Wikipedia Mithraic mysteries - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Mithraic Mysteries were a mystery religion practised in the Roman Empire from about the 1st to 4th centuries AD. . . . Worshippers of Mithras had a complex system of seven grades of initiation, with ritual meals. Initiates called themselves syndexioi, those "united by the handshake". They met in underground temples (called mithraea), which survive in large numbers. The cult appears to have had its centre in Rome. . . . ' back
Plato - Wikipedia Plato - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Plato (. . . Greek: . . . Plátōn, "broad" 428/427 BC – 348/347 BC), was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of natural philosophy, science, and Western philosophy.[3] Plato was originally a student of Socrates, and was as much influenced by his thinking as by what he saw as his teacher's unjust death.' back
Sol Invictus - Wikipedia Sol Invictus - Wikipedia, the feee encyclopedia 'Sol Invictus ("Invincible Sun") was the official sun god of the later Roman Empire. In 274 the Roman emperor Aurelian made it an official cult alongside the traditional Roman cults. Scholars disagree whether the new deity was a refoundation of the ancient Latin cult of Sol, a revival of the cult of Elagabalus or completely new. The god was favored by emperors after Aurelian and appeared on their coins until Constantine. The last inscription referring to Sol Invictus dates to 387 AD[5] and there were enough devotees in the 5th century that Augustine found it necessary to preach against them.' back
Spontaneous symmetry breaking - Wikipedia Spontaneous symmetry breaking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a mode of realization of symmetry breaking in a physical system, where the underlying laws are invariant under a symmetry transformation, but the system as a whole changes under such transformations, in contrast to explicit symmetry breaking. It is a spontaneous process by which a system in a symmetrical state ends up in an asymmetrical state. It thus describes systems where the equations of motion or the Lagrangian obey certain symmetries, but the lowest energy solutions do not exhibit that symmetry. back
United States Congress Declaration of Independence 'Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.' back

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