Davis, Martin, Computability and Unsolvability, Dover 1982 Preface: 'This book is an introduction to the theory of computability and non-computability ususally referred to as the theory of recursive functions. The subject is concerned with the existence of purely mechanical procedures for solving problems. . . . The existence of absolutely unsolvable problems and the Goedel incompleteness theorem are among the results in the theory of computability that have philosophical significance.' 
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Davis, Martin, The Undecidable : Basic Papers on Problems Propositions Unsolvable Problems and Computable Functions, Raven Press 1965 Description: '[Includes] ... the basic papers of Gödel, Church, Turing, and Post in which the class of recursive functions was singled out and seen to be just the class of functions that can be computed by terminating processes. Also presented is the work of Church, Turing, and Post in which problems from the theory of abstract computing machines, from mathematical logic, and finally from algebra are shown to be unsolvable in the sense that there is no terminating process for dealing with them. Finally, the book presents the work of Kleene and of Post initiating the classification theory of unsolvable problems. Already the standard reference work on the subject, The Undecidable is also ideally suited as a text or supplementary text for courses in logic, philosophy, and foundations of mathematics.'  
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Apocalypse Now - Wikipedia, Apocalypse Now - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film about the Vietnam War, directed, produced and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius and narration written by Michael Herr, was loosely based on the 1899 novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War (1969–70). The film follows a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow and played by Sheen), who is on a secret mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Brando, with the character being based on Conrad's Mr. Kurtz), a renegade Army officer accused of murder and who is presumed insane.' back

Aquinas, Summa, I II, 82, 3, Is original sin concupiscence?, ' I answer that, Everything takes its species from its form: and it has been stated (Article 2) that the species of original sin is taken from its cause. Consequently the formal element of original sin must be considered in respect of the cause of original sin. But contraries have contrary causes. Therefore the cause of original sin must be considered with respect to the cause of original justice, which is opposed to it. Now the whole order of original justice consists in man's will being subject to God: which subjection, first and chiefly, was in the will, whose function it is to move all the other parts to the end, as stated above (I-II:9:1), so that the will being turned away from God, all the other powers of the soul become inordinate. Accordingly the privation of original justice, whereby the will was made subject to God, is the formal element in original sin; while every other disorder of the soul's powers, is a kind of material element in respect of original sin. Now the inordinateness of the other powers of the soul consists chiefly in their turning inordinately to mutable good; which inordinateness may be called by the general name of concupiscence. Hence original sin is concupiscence, materially, but privation of original justice, formally.' back

Archibishops' Council, Book of Common prayer- The Lord's Supper or Holy Communion, 'ALMIGHTY God, our heavenly Father, who of thy tender mercy didst give thine only Son Jesus Christ to suffer death upon the Cross for our redemption; who made there (by his one oblation of himself once offered) a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice, oblation, and satisfaction, for the sins of the whole world; and did institute, and in his holy Gospel command us to continue, a perpetual memory of that his precious death, until his coming again: back

Barak Obama, Interview remarks on Trayvon Matin, 'The reason I actually wanted to come out today is not to take questions, but to speak to an issue that obviously has gotten a lot of attention over the course of the last week, the issue of the Trayvon Martin ruling. I gave an -- a preliminary statement right after the ruling on Sunday, but watching the debate over the course of the last week I thought it might be useful for me to expand on my thoughts a little bit. . . . ' back

Belle (2013 film) - Wikipedia, Belle (2013 film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' The film is inspired by the 1779 painting of Dido Elizabeth Belle beside her cousin Lady Elizabeth Murray, at Kenwood House, which was commissioned by their great-uncle, William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, then Lord Chief Justice of England. . . .The fictional film centres on Dido's relationship with an aspiring lawyer; it is set at a time of legal significance, as a court case is heard on what became known as the Zong massacre, when slaves were thrown overboard from a slave ship and the owner filed with his insurance company for the losses. Lord Mansfield rules on this case in England's Court of King's Bench in 1786, in a decision seen to contribute to the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act of 1807.' back

C.Thi Nguyen and Bekka Williams, Why We Call Things 'Porn', ' The philosopher Michael Rea has a helpful account of sexual pornography. He says that an image is sexual pornography when we use it for immediate gratification, while avoiding the complexities of actual sexual relationships like physical intimacy, emotional connection and romantic interaction. To capture the new, generic sense of porn, we need only to generalize Professor Rea’s account. Food porn is images of food, used for immediate pleasure, without your having to go out and buy the food, cook it or worry about the calories. Real estate porn is pictures of real estate, used for instant gratification, without your having to buy the house, clean it or take care of all that furniture. And so on.' back

Candy (2006 film) - Wikipedia, Candy (2006 film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' A poet named Dan (Heath Ledger) falls in love with an art student named Candy (Abbie Cornish) who gravitates to his bohemian lifestyle – and his love of heroin. Hooked as much on one another as they are on the drug, their relationship is alternating states of oblivion, self-destruction, and despair. The film is organized in 3 acts of roughly 3 scenes each, titled Heaven, Earth, and Hell: . . . ' back

Carey Gillam, Neurotoxins on your kid's broccoli: that's life under Trump, ' The EPA administrator, Andrew Wheeler, this week confirmed what many Americans already know: when the Trump administration weighs the competing interests of corporate profits versus public health, the corporations win, hands down. Wheeler announced Thursday that despite what independent scientists say is a wealth of evidence tying the popular insecticide known as chlorpyrifos to neurodevelopmental damage in children, the pesticide should continue to be applied by farmers to foods that children regularly consume, including apples, grapes, broccoli and cherries.' back

Gary Abernathy, Why Republicans should be happy Mueller is testifying, ' The Mueller report has been scrutinized and debated just as biblical scholars parse the meaning and intent of every word of scripture. God does not subject himself to man’s interrogations. He does not clarify his intent or participate in political theater. Likewise, Mueller understands the value in remaining above it all. That is why, rather than resist the notion of Mueller testifying, Trump and his Republican allies should be clamoring for it. They should be thrilled that his advent was delayed a week to allow for more time and more questions.' back

Haaretz Editorial, State imposed religion disfugures Israeli democracy, 'Only instituting civil marriage and abolishing the legal status of the racist ultra-Orthodox rabbinate will guarantee Israel’s future as a democratic state that respects human and civil rights.' back

Henry Siegman, Is the U.S. prepared to pay for peace?, Kerry's relentless diplomacy will never result in an actual peace agreement unless the U.S. is willing to pay the domestic political price of pressuring Netanyahu to accept the two-state solution based on the 1967 borders. back

Kate Connolly, Medievalists excited at parchment fragment of 'vagina monologue', ' In the poem, a virgin woman (junkfrouwe) argues in a free-flowing, often witty dialogue, with her speaking vulva (fud) about which of them is held in the higher regard by men. The virgin argues that it is by her looks that men are won over, whilst the vulva, accusing the virgin of putting too much stress on her appearance, says it is she who provides the true pleasure. The two decide to part company, but find themselves deeply unhappy and so reunite to allay their suffering. They conclude that they are better together, as a person and their sex are quite simply inseparable.' back

Lee Wasserman, Looking for Oil and Gas?, ' Climate policy can get complicated fast, but there is really only one question to ask when considering an official’s climate bona fides: Will his or her policies lead to an increase or decrease in the amount of fossil fuels coming out of the ground? Despite this, Exxon Mobil and its corporate brethren are actively looking for additional oil and gas. Given this rampant corporate irrationality, officials who maintain — much less loosen — policies that enable companies to continue their extractive business models simply aren’t serious about addressing climate change.' back

List of undecidable problems - Wikipedia, List of undecidable problems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedis, ' In computability theory, an undecidable problem is a type of computational problem that requires a yes/no answer, but where there cannot possibly be any computer program that always gives the correct answer; that is, any possible program would sometimes give the wrong answer or run forever without giving any answer. More formally, an undecidable problem is a problem whose language is not a recursive set; see the article Decidable language. There are uncountably many undecidable problems, so the list below is necessarily incomplete. . . . Many, if not most, undecidable problems in mathematics can be posed as word problems: determining when two distinct strings of symbols (encoding some mathematical concept or object) represent the same object or not.' back

Live Flesh (Film) Wikipedia, Live Flesh (Film) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Live Flesh (Spanish: Carne Trémula) is a 1997 Spanish erotic romantic drama thriller film, written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar, starring Liberto Rabal, Javier Bardem, and Francesca Neri. The film is loosely based on the 1986 book Live Flesh by the British crime writer Ruth Rendell.' back

MurrayGleeson, Why I support a Voice to Parliament, ' Parliamentary supremacy (not sovereignty — there is no such thing in Australia as a sovereign parliament, and there never has been) is one of the essential safeguards of our liberal democracy. It is unlikely that parliament will propose a change to the Constitution in aid of Indigenous recognition if the effect of the change will be to curtail its own legislative power.' back

Nicholas Ben-Marcus, Why the Living Across the Ancient World Mummified Their Dead, ' At the end of the day, mummification may have originated from a shared bafflement at the discovery of naturally preserved dead people, but though it has historically taken different forms, its purpose was ultimately one: to conquer death. Since we know who they are, at least a little, maybe they succeeded. back

P versus NP problem - Wikipedia, P versus NP problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer science. It asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified (technically, verified in polynomial time) can also be solved quickly (again, in polynomial time). The underlying issues were first discussed in the 1950s, in letters from John Forbes Nash Jr. to the National Security Agency, and from Kurt Gödel to John von Neumann. The precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced in 1971 by Stephen Cook in his seminal paper "The complexity of theorem proving procedures" and is considered by many to be the most important open problem in the field.' back

Paul, Galatians 5:17, '16 But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not carry out the desire of the flesh. 17 For the flesh sets its desire against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; for these are in opposition to one another, so that you may not do the things that you please.' back

Philip Goff et al., (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), Panpsychism , ' Panpsychism is the view that mentality is fundamental and ubiquitous in the natural world. The view has a long and venerable history in philosophical traditions of both East and West, and has recently enjoyed a revival in analytic philosophy. For its proponents panpsychism offers an attractive middle way between physicalism on the one hand and dualism on the other.' back

Renee Knake, Hidden women of history: Flos Greig, Australia's irst female lawyer and early innovator, ' When Grata Flos Matilda Greig walked into her first law school class at the University of Melbourne in 1897, it was illegal for women to become lawyers. But though the legal system did not even recognise her as a person, she won the right to practice and helped thousands of other women access justice. In defying the law, Greig literally changed its face.' back

Richard Dawkins, Is religion good or evil?, 'Mehdi Hasan challenges evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins at the Oxford Union in front of a varied and lively audience. In a frank and at times heated exchange, they discuss: Is religion a force for good or evil? Can it co-exist with science? Is science the new religion? And why if god does not exist, is religion so persistent?' back

Tom Engelhardt, How to be a rogue superpower, 'The USA's implacable pursuit of Edward Snowden demonstrates the sole superpower's reach and suppression of information. ' back