natural theology

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VII Notes

2010

Notes

[Sunday 2 May 2010 - Saturday 8 May 2010]

[Notebook: DB 68: Salalah]

[page 353

Sunday 2 May 2010

Feynman 17: Feynman

[page 353]

The rules of quantum mechanics give us the traffic in various channels.

Creation: The purpose of this article is to display the isomorphism between the classical Christian model of God and quantum mechanics. Following the time honoured method of the physical sciences, we first look for a mathematically defined space that defines a large set of possibilities and then seek functions on thart space that mimic the observed probabilities of various events. We assume that God comprises everything that exists, that is everything that can be observed and decoded from these observations. Quantum mechanics is, we shall say, the alphabet of physics. It defines the broadest set of rules which constrain the observed Universe within the Universe of possibilities, which is, for quantum mechanics, Hilbert space.

We might trace the origin of the classical model of God to Parmenides, whose vision convinced him that motion was rather illusory and real reality was eternal, outside time, what we here call formal. Plato introduced the set of unchanging forms that defined corresponding realities here below. Aristotle, Aquinas, Thomas, Lonergan, Jeffrey.

Our fundamental insight is that dynamic systems have stationary points, conserved features which are nevertheless are subject to a higher dynamics, recursivity. (The couplings are extremely light.. The atoms with me probably cannot tell that they are part of a living system rather than a 'dead' solid, their spectra are the same.) This enables us to see our Universe at once as divine pure act and practical formal complexity realized as the algorithms that are realized by the Universe.

[page 354]

We observe that all messages are digital, compounded of strings of symbols like this sentence. You might object that the speedo in your car is an analogue instrument, and that there are many analogue channels of communication in our world, like the old vinyl records. All of these can be approximated digital;ly, and since the turn of the last century quantum mechanics and physical theory all confirm that all the fundamental messages in the Universe are quantized like clicks of a Geiger counter or ticks of a clock.

Shannon's model, and Zurek's translation into quantum mechanics.

Quantum mechanics fundamental linear law:

|ψ> = ∑i Ci |i>.

the |i> are vectors representing a certain event. the Ci are the amplitudes for that event on the distribution |ψ>.

An application to human sexuality. Aristotle and his followers distinguished layers in the human form, attributing to us a vegetative soul which controlled those functions of growth which we share with plants, an animal soul which we share with animals and a special human spiritual soul which makes us specifically what we are. From the modern perspective, we are an animal which has come to be after billions of years of evolution which began with the first self-replicating forms. Our animal features evolve relatively slowly, and we might expect ten thousand

[page 355]

years to be the period required to make notable changes in the phenotype of a human or other animal population. Of course intensive breeding can yield higher rates of change than natural selection except perhaps under extreme natural conditions. Social systems, at least in recent times, evolve at a rate whose time constant is roughly a generation, and the education of each new generation is substantially different: curriculum reform.

Quantum mechanics: stationary states and fixed points. A differential equation is a fixed point, as is every complete sentence of the form ab. Physics is an interplay of cardinal and ordinal arithmetic, the ordinals being hypothesized to give meaning to the observed distribution of cardinals (measurements, eigenvalues).

|Φ> =Â|Ψ>,

|Ψ> and |Φ> are input and output; Â is a [network of] Turing machine[s] (computer[s]).

Monday 3 May 2010

Unobserved quantum systems are not quantized because there is no communication.

Chemical nomenclature and ordered sets. IUPAC nomenclature - Wikipedia

Feynman I-9: '. . . there is nothing that living things can do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics.' Feynman

CONTINUITY - SYMMETRY

'collapse of the wave function' = symmetry breaking.

[page 356]

'We speak of probability only for observations that we contemplate being made in the future.'

Pure actuality is the foundation of symmetry because all processes are on an equal foting, unlike the potency / act theory where the potencies require actualities to activate them. What quantum mechanics tells us [is] that there is a conserved volume of actuality which moves around in the symmetric Universe.

Going all the way to the proposition God is isomorphic to quantum mechanics (via initial singularity). Does this make sense - new interpretations of old ideas.

Quantum mechanics tells us the statistical behaviour of imperfectly resolved systems at the edge of reality, the edge of resolution. Insofar as God is omnino simplex it is completely unresolved. The interaction of two unresolved systems can give us a message, it is a message.

An act is an undifferentiated event, even though in the concrete world every act is part of a logically continuous process stretching back to infinity.

Deterministic logical continuity (broken symmetry)
Random logical consistency (symmetry).

We might guess that quantum mechanics is linear because it is simply cardinal arithmetic and the units we are counting are quanta of action.

[page 357]

Tuesday 4 May 2010

Having argued that the isolated quantum system is isomorphic to the classical god, we now turn to 'broken isolation', the emanation of structure within God, the doctrines of the Trinity and quantum measurement.

Here we have a blank page and no ideas. Now for the first cigarette of thje morning!

Quantum mechanics = God I: Both are the source of all structure in the Universe. The initial singularity is subject to logical confinement.

We might say that ih dψ/dt = Hψ is a fundamental equation of mathematical theology.

The large scale structure of the Universe represented by Einstein's equation G = T is the simplest structure consistent with a network of inertial frames each of which is isomorphic to a computer and in some way bale top break its inertiality by communication with other frames through the structure of spacetime we call gravitation.

We do not have the emanation of structure from a source (as imagined in the Tantra?) but the immanation of structure within a dynamic system. We creates structure by bifurcation, a process that requires second order differential equations ('consciousness of one's own process'). The first bifurcation we imagine is that of energy into potential and kinetic energy.

Isolated systems: god, initial singularity, inertial frame, isolated quantum system. What is common to these four candidates?

[page 358]

Bifurcation into space and time,energy and momentum.

Through second order differential equations, one has two degrees of freedom, eg position and velocity. We can change position with velocity and velocity with acceleration.The principle of inertia suggests to us that velocity is 'nothing' (isolated, inertial) and the fun starts with acceleration, a result of communication between isolated systems.

Isolated systems are linear, meaning that everything is deterministically connected to the values of one variable (scalar, cardinal). We lump variables into packages like vectors or myself, a very large system of variables that follow one another around as me.

. . .

Casti: How can a fixed point theorem go wrong. Ie what are the necessary conditions for it to be true, so if condition is not true, theorem is not true? Casti

POTENTIAL = MEMORY = ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Point = any closed set (in a space of isolated sets) or an open set (in a space of coupled points).

Casti page 51: Euclidean geometry preserves line length under translations, rotations and reflections. Kelin: each geometry is defined by its group of transformations and the invariants of these transformations. Erlangen program - Wikipedia

Casti page 54: 'homeomorphisms' Homeomorphism - Wikipedia

What is a point: something that acts as a unit.

Casti page 55: equivalence class - canonical representative: species -= holotype. Topological equivalence = the same network with all the same connections but different levels of traffic along the edges.

The entropy of the Universe is bounded below but not above, like the transfinite numbers, each of which is the least upper bound of its predecessors.

Motion: homeomorphic (constant entropy) transformation.

page 63: Determining fixed points is the same as solving equations.

n! ordinals correspond to each cardinal n

How do the concepts 'compact' and 'convex' apply to the transfinite symmetric network? Compact space - Wikipedia Convex set - Wikipedia

Compact: contains its boundary
Convex: line joining any two points is wholly within the set.
Automatically true for a network in which we consider either the nodes of the edges to be points in our set.

What is the power of proof? Does Brouwer's fixed

[page 360]

point theorem bind god? It does insofar as its opposite is inconsistent and we hold that god is internally consistent.

Wednesday 5 May 2010

Creation: increasing the number of fixed points. Mathematics is the study of fixed points = fixed relationships.

REGULATION (of anything) = CYBERNETICS

Thursday 6 May 2010

Zurek 2003: 'How can one then establish correspondence between the quantum and the familiar classical reality? Zurek

Quantum/classical border: classical = error free = quantized (Shannon)

Reduced density matrix: Nielsen and Chuang page 107. Nielsen & Chuang

It seems that the classical view that continuous functions are deterministic is an error, since one cannot be certain of the location of a point in a true continuum. Only quantized systems can be deterministic a la Turing machine.

The structure we envisage is bounded below (by God, the initial singularity, or just a mathematical point) and it is this bound that gives the Universe the structure we observe. It is not bounded above and we take the Cantor Universe as a stating model for this evolution, since it begins in the zone of discrete countable entities (that can be labelled with

[page 361]

the natural numbers) and grows from these without bound.

Data
The empirical basis for this article is my fortunate life. Not all the fortunes were good, and none of them were predictable at my birth, I grew up in a small Australian country town as far as you can imagine from the European culture tjat peppered the town with churches and clergy. I was brought up Catholic, and at the age of 18, entered the Order of Preachers, the Dominicans . . . blah blah.

The theory we have developed enables us to give some formal foundation to the terms open mind and closed mid. While the closed mind attends to the alphabet of human life, the open mind explores what can be done with this alphabet, ie if closed mind is equivalent to layer n, open mind is equivalent to layer n + 1. Open mindedness is the source of dynamics - things can change including minds and mental images. The fundamentalist would bind us to ancient beliefs.

[OPEN MIND = SYMMETRY]

Marriage in the traditional sense is the highest impact form of fundamentalism because the establishment of an indissoluble bond between two people at the most total level is not something that can be legislated if a system is to be stable and not fail through its own internal tensions. [from a formal point of view, the function of motion is the relief of stress.]

The management would say that rigid control of sexuality is necessary for social integrity, While the Church is preaching control of sex it is sheltering its own agents who have totally inappropriate sexual relations with children, perhaps driven by the vow of chastity they are

[page 362]

required to take to enter the higher grades of priesthood.

The school was not so bad [as the Order turned out to be], probably because it has to compete for students in a marketplace dominated by government funded and managed schools via the education department [which had some respect for children's rights].

We create transfinite numbers in the same way that we create sentences out of words and words out of letters and letters out of ink [the continuous, undifferentiated substrate].

Friday 7 May 2010

von Campenhausen Father of the Greek Church von Campenhausen

page 1: 'The "Fathers of the Church" is the term used to describe the orthodox writerts of the early Church.'

'In fact the term "Father of the Church" itself stems from the sphere of dogma and originates in the needs of Catholic apologetics. Patristics originated in the urge to assemble witnesses to the "authentic" orthodox tradition, that it might add the weight of its authority to valid or disputed doctrines.'

page 3: 'The present book is confined to the Church Fathers who wrote in Greek. The Christian literature available to us begins in the Greek world, and Greek theology occupies the leading place in the first four centuries of the Church's history.

page 5: '. . . the acceptance of the Greek legacy was spiritually inescapable and a vital factor in what we now call theology.'

[page 363]

Justin: 'Justin's Christianity is marked by an urge to give practical expression to his faith and by the absolute certainty of his ultimate convictions. Christians possess the truth on which to base their lives; this is proved by the high moral standard of their conduct. The sources from which they derive their knowledge of God as furthermore, undoubtedly reliable. To what extent their teaching fulfils the real mission of philosophy, which, according to Justin, is above all the explore the Divine. [von Campenhausen page 7]

The writers of the Old testament and the Greek philosophers all places the Divinity outside the World. Christianity made a step in the right direcion by making one human Divine. Here we wish to complete the task by makinbg all of us and our world divine, so highly expanding the notion of Divinity.

van C page 10: 'It is clear that [Justin] regards the validity of the Bible as absolute.'

'[Justin] appeared in public in his own name and no longer worked, like the early Christian teachers, within the religious community, but within the new sociological framework of a private philosophical 'school'.' ,p. page 11: 'Like the first Christian teachers, he proclaims that he has received the "gift of grace" for [his] task from God him,self.'

[We can go along with that]

page 38: 'Origen was probably the first Christian writer of whom we know for certain that he came from a Christian home and was given a Christian education.'

page 39: 'Behind the gigantic work of scholarship which [Origen] was to achieve was there from the very beginning an austere

[page 364]

and ascetic earnestness and the iron resolution of a man who never lost sight of the possibility of martyrdom. It may be that in his youth his enthusiastic radicalism bordered on the heretical.'

von C page 40: 'Origen was the first Christian to join the intellectual elite of his age, drawing attention to the teaching of Christianity in a way that forced even his enemies to take notice.

page 42: 'The new element which Origen gave to the Church was primarily the great systematic summary. He was responsible for the change from occasional and superficial interest in philosophy to the methodical study of intellectual problems, from the aphorism of educated discussion to the responsible construction of a well-established theological system.

'None of the later Greek Fathers achieved this integration to the same degree. Origen is the only one to present the whole of Christianity in the form of a workable philosophical system.'

A theory of Peace II [A Theory of Peace (1987)

PERSONAL = FREE (ISOLATED?) Perhaps I am coming to the end of my intellectually isolated phase.

von C page 43 '. . . the sin of departing from God.' Which is what we are doing by treating the world as a happy hunting ground and cesspool.

'. . . fallen Creation.'

The evil we have been doing to the world is only now becoming

[page 365]

clear to us.

von C page 44: 'Origen does not acknowledge the existence of 'absolute evil' or the possibility of eternal separation and damnation. The heretical nature of this idealistic conception is increased by the fact that for him the final restoration of the Kingdom of God can hardly consistently form a final and absolute end. It follows from the nature of spiritual freedom and from the character of divine education (which leads but never forces) that new darknesses and new eras of redemption may be unleashed in the infinite distances of time . . . To him time is not an ultimate, seen from God's point of view. The true life lies beyond time, in eternity. In our earthly state, however, we are not in a position adequately to grasp this eternal being.'

Much of the current conflict in the world appears to have religious roots. A look through history suggests that this has always been the case We can see this in the persistent initiation of males into warriorhood. The complementary passage of females into motherhood it attended by its own baptism of pain and needs no elder applied torture.

GOD - FUNDAMENTAL FIXED POINT.

Equating God and the Universe is the equivalent of injecting time into God and recognizing the invariants of the Universe.

Jesus is a cult of personality. We need to ditch this one person rule and make a cult of (if anything) [the] dynamics of living personalities with one another. While our source is a fixed point (our environment) our behaviour within the confines of the environment is free.

[page 366]

Where our capitalist personality sees tonnes of coal as dollars to be burned, the person awake to the nature of the Universe sees the rather sacred buried remains of ancient life.

Energetic obesity: We consume 100x our basic metabolic rate.

Fundamentaliusm values ideas over reality. Science values reality over ideas.

Fundamentalism: closed mind, a remnant of our two year old intellectual phase imagines ourselves to be at the centre of the Universe summed up in the phrase 'just for us'. (to pollute and trash as we wish).

The whole of Christianity revolve around the existence of an omniscient, omnipotent judge who sees us as we are and judges us accordingly. So it may be, but by what criteria? Something dreamt up by a ruling class justifying and increasing their wealth and power?

. . .

Origin, Hexpla von Campenhausen page 46: Hexapla - Wikipedia

von C page 51: 'The "case of Origien" is the first celebrated example of rivalry and conflict between the free unofficial power of an independent 'teacher' and the authority of his ecclesiastical superiors.

page 53: 'In [Origen's] opinion, the thing that matters in the long run, the living knowledge of the truth, cannot be transmitted and controlled by officials.'

[page 367]

Hypatia Hypatia - Wikipedia

Synesius of Cyrene Synesius - Wikipedia

von C page 140: 'Greek Christianity knew no conflict between Church and State in the medieval sense. There were struggles for power, but they were always concerned with power inside the Church itself. Even the greatest bishops never demanded to be heard on political questions or to make political decisions. On the contrary it was the Emperor, as the Christian holder of supreme earthly power, who ordered and supervised the affairs of the Church. Limits were set to his action only in the innermost spiritual and sacerdotal spheres.'

The worst problem in my childhood was control of what the Church (via the nuns, brothers and priests) held to be mortally sinful dirty thoughts. On modern parlance dirty thought = game over for you.

von C page 141: 'Chrysostom settled in the neighbourhood of Antioch as an ascetic and devoted himself to spiritual exercises and serious theological work.'

Echoes of the weird and ancient connection between the search for knowledge and ascesis, although in fact (?) the mind works at the same speed (near maximum) in all circumstances. Fore 'learning' rather than insight, time on the job is important, but mentally we are always on the job, surviving from moment to moment, some more error prone than others.

'Monasticism was already widespread in and around Antioch at this period.' Why? 'The monks were the saints of the people who went on pilgrimage to their caves and cells, and they included distinguished theologians in their ranks. They quite

[page 368]

often supplied the Church with its leading clergy and bishops.

Chrysostom John Chrysostom - Wikipedia

Saturday 8 May 2010

Clancy Trauma Clancy

Layered networks are ubiquitous, and networks may be networks of networks. Dynamically, a network may be analyzed as a set of computers, inputs and outputs. Statically, a network is a set of memories (ie addressed locations where information may be stored through time) and messages which are stored and forwarded in the memories. From a physical point of view, memory is spacelike, ie a filing system for events (messages). We can represent the dynamics of a network by considering a (time) ordered set of such spacelike slices. This approach is very close to that taken in relativity in which we set out to picture a set of spacelike slices corresponding to an event like the formation of a black hole. In classical General relativity, our spacelike slice contracts to a single point, a singularity. This singularity is considered to be separate from the surrounding spacetime,since it has no structure and cannot communicate because it is spacetime for itself. A structureless entity can be nothing other than a perfect copy of itself, as has been explored carefully for more than a thousand years by those seeking to model the Trinity (Augustine, Thomas Augustine Aquinas).

The study of child sexual abuse and its consequences gives us a model of now networks may be damaged by

[page 369]

inappropriate communication (cross talk, corruption).

Performing a dangerous task requires a careful consideration of the possible outcomes so as to avoid the (traumatic) errors, and with luck bring off a perfect operation in which there has been no need to correct minor errprs of procedure (eg bending a nail).

Splinter under the fingernail: a large amount of pain for a tiny injury and then we must face the probkem of getting it out without more pain.

Quantum computation is analogue and error prone. Classical computation is digital and error free. We can imagine the transition along the lines of Dawkins Climbing Mount Improbable, one small and selected step at a time. Dawkins This we call creation, ie the generation of time invsriant spaces and structures.

Binning and counting = selecting eigenfunctions and counting their rate of repetition. The Large Hadron Collider is fllled with physically realized observables (the detectors) which perform this task which was once done by physicists looking at photographs of cloud and bubble chambers, emulsions and so on. CERN, Bubble chamber - Wikipedia

Collapse of wave function = act of creation = emission (and reception) of a particle = message. Quantum mechanics works in the time domain and somehow generates structures in the space domain. We understand the space domain (con-constructively) as stationary points in the time domain, ie regions where time stops, ie there is no energy attributable to the state, ie stationary = zero energy.

[page 370]

Competition brings the best out in me so I motivate myself to battle on with the equation God = Universe (God - dynamic = Universe (set of static)) by mentally challenging the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Holy See

From dynamics to statics via calculus. Calculus is in a sense recursive because its differential equations are themselves static, but then we can make differential equations of differential equations so describing a higher (deeper?) layer of stasis and the dynamics of which this stasis (differential equation) is a fixed point. So we are entering Hofstadter's world of symbols talking about themselves whose dynamics define the limits of representability represented by the transfinite computer network and quantum theory.

How does the network take us from unobservable quantum machanics to observable quantum field theory. The particles are the messages, the invariants, the symmetries of the otherwise invisible dynamic process. The simlpe fact is we cannot observe an isolated system because to observe it is to break its isolation.

I offer my enterprise, the Theology Company P/L as a consultant to revise the theoretical foundations of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.A 20 year plan, constructed in the open community.

TTC's first client is the RCC.

Zurek 2007 meets Shannon 1949 through the requirement of orthogonality for communication. Zurek Shannon

[page 371]

The transition from unitary to observed is unspeakable? It is also based on the symmetry (lack of order) of the basis states.

Quantum jump = jump into an orthogonal basis, We write it out in symbols. To understand the meaning of these symbols one needs the sort of minimal grounding in the application of linear algebra to function spaces to be found in books like Feynman or Nieldsen & Chuang. Otherwise interpreting the symbolic argument as a series of replacements of one symbol by another, the symbolic transformation represented by the = sign and implemented by computation.

Orthogonality meets Shannon's criterion for indistinguishability.

The basis vectors of a Hilbert space are orthonormal but have no order among themselves. When we iuse the inner product to compute the length of a vector there is a natural pairing. When we use it to compute the angle between two diferent vectors se can pursue a similar ordering or we can permute one of the orderings with respect to the other to get an inner product that represents what? aleph(n)!!

Now somebody's theorem: if |v> and |w> are individually normalized, all dot products of the permutation of their bases remains normalized.

The superposition/selection model applies to all scales, so a first a system acquiring new data (ie being observed by a new operator) is confuded and then it slowly recurses itself to a stationary solution.

[page 372]

Confusion = continuum = superposition of all permutations.

We can best understand ancient theological models if we release them from the institutional forces that try to constrain the meaning of these structure, by, for instance,limiting the recursive creation of divine persons to 3 rather than let it grow to a transfinite numbner

Similarly we are all divine and not just Jesus.

Similarly all particles can be created and annihilated, just like us.

Recursive procession of the word and Heracleitus. Panta rhei except there are stationary points. Daniel W Graham

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Theologica (translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province), Tabor Publishing 1981 'Brother Thomas raised new problems in his teaching, invented a new method, used new systems of proof. To hear him teach a new doctrine, with new arguments, one could not doubt that God, by the irradiation of this new light and by the novelty of this inspiration, gave him the power to teach, by the spoken and written word, new opinions and new knowledge.' (William of Tocco, T's first biographer) 
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Augustine, Saint, and Edmond Hill (Introduction, translation and notes), and John E Rotelle (editor), The Trinity, New City Press 1991 Written 399 - 419: De Trinitate is a radical restatement, defence and development of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. Augistine's book has served as a foundation for most subsequent work, particularly that of Thomas Aquinas.  
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Casti, John L, Five Golden Rules: Great Theories of 20th-Century Mathematics - and Why They Matter, John Wiley and Sons 1996 Preface: '[this book] is intended to tell the general reader about mathematics by showcasing five of the finest achievements of the mathematician's art in this [20th] century.' p ix. Treats the Minimax theorem (game theory), the Brouwer Fixed-Point theorem (topology), Morse's theorem (singularity theory), the Halting theorem (theory of computation) and the Simplex method (optimisation theory). 
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Chaitin, Gregory J, Information, Randomness & Incompleteness: Papers on Algorithmic Information Theory, World Scientific 1987 Jacket: 'Algorithmic information theory is a branch of computational complexity theory concerned with the size of computer programs rather than with their running time. ... The theory combines features of probability theory, information theory, statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, and recursive function or computability theory. ... [A] major application of algorithmic information theory has been the dramatic new light it throws on Goedel's famous incompleteness theorem and on the limitations of the axiomatic method. ...' 
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Chaitin, Gregory J, Algorithmic Information Theory, Cambridge UP 1987 Foreword: 'The crucial fact here is that there exist symbolic objects (i.e., texts) which are "algorithmically inexplicable", i.e., cannot be specified by any text shorter than themselves. Since texts of this sort have the properties associated with random sequences of classical probability theory, the theory of describability developed . . . in the present work yields a very interesting new view of the notion of randomness.' J T Schwartz 
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Chaitin, Gregory J, "Goedel's Theorem and Information" in Information, Randomness & Incompleteness: Papers on Algorithmic Information Theory, Reprinted from the International Journal of Theoretical Physics (1982) 22, 941-954., World Scientific 1987 Abstract: 'Goedel's theorem may be demonstrated using arguments having an information-theoretic flavour. In such an approach, it is possible to argue that if a theorem contains more information than any given set of axoms, then it is impossible for the theorem to have been derived from the axioms. In contrast with the traditional proof based on the paradox of the liar, this new viewpoint suggests that the incompleteness phenomenon discovered by Gödel is natural and widespread rather than pathological and unusual.' 
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Clancy, Susan A, The trauma Myth: The Truth About Sexual Abuse of Chiudren-- and its Aftermath, Basic Books 2010 From Booklist 'Clancy argues the controversial position that survivors of childhood sexual abuse are victimized not only by their abusers, whose acts often leave them more confused (due to incomprehension) than frightened, but also and inadvertently by well-intentioned health professionals, whose interpretations of abusive experiences are often more traumatic than actual events and effects. Well-meaning practitioners emphasize abuse’s violence, fear, and threats, which “do not characterize the experiences that most victims have.” Challenging the traumatogenic model’s assumptions and origins, Clancy questions the “repression” concept of “recovered” memories as oddly selective compared to conceptions of other major traumas. Skillfully interweaving case studies, statistics, and technical data, she disputes that abusive acts destabilize neurobiology as in other traumas. Positing that the trauma model damages victims with inaccurate predictions and ineffective treatments, she recommends tracking consequences via cognitive, behavioural, and developmental pathways because “what hurts most victims is not the experience itself but the meaning of the experience—how victims make sense of what happened . . . how these understandings make them feel about themselves and others.”' --Whitney Scott 
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Davis, Martin, Computability and Unsolvability, Dover 1982 Preface: 'This book is an introduction to the theory of computability and non-computability ususally referred to as the theory of recursive functions. The subject is concerned with the existence of purely mechanical procedures for solving problems. . . . The existence of absolutely unsolvable problems and the Goedel incompleteness theorem are among the results in the theory of computability that have philosophical significance.' 
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Davis, Martin, The Undecidable : Basic Papers on Problems Propositions Unsolvable Problems and Computable Functions, Raven Press 1965 Description: '[Includes] ... the basic papers of Gödel, Church, Turing, and Post in which the class of recursive functions was singled out and seen to be just the class of functions that can be computed by terminating processes. Also presented is the work of Church, Turing, and Post in which problems from the theory of abstract computing machines, from mathematical logic, and finally from algebra are shown to be unsolvable in the sense that there is no terminating process for dealing with them. Finally, the book presents the work of Kleene and of Post initiating the classification theory of unsolvable problems. Already the standard reference work on the subject, The Undecidable is also ideally suited as a text or supplementary text for courses in logic, philosophy, and foundations of mathematics.'  
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Dawkins, Richard, Climbing Mount Improbable, W. W. Norton & Company 1997 Amazon editorial review: 'How do species evolve? Richard Dawkins, one of the world's most eminent zoologists, likens the process to scaling a huge, Himalaya-size peak, the Mount Improbable of his title. An alpinist does not leap from sea level to the summit; neither does a species utterly change forms overnight, but instead follows a course of "slow, cumulative, one-step-at-a-time, non-random survival of random variants" -- a course that Charles Darwin, Dawkins's great hero, called natural selection. Illustrating his arguments with case studies from the natural world, such as the evolution of the eye and the lung, and the coevolution of certain kinds of figs and wasps, Dawkins provides a vigorous, entertaining defense of key Darwinian ideas.' 
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Feynman, Richard P, and Robert B Leighton, Matthew Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (volume 3) : Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley 1970 Foreword: 'This set of lectures tries to elucidate from the beginning those features of quantum mechanics which are the most basic and the most general. ... In each instance the ideas are introduced together with a detailed discussion of some specific examples - to try to make the physical ideas as real as possible.' Matthew Sands 
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Feynman, Richard P, and Robert B Leighton et al, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (volume 1) : Mainly Mechanics, Radiation and Heat, Addison Wesley 1963 Foreword: 'This book is based on a course of lectures in introductory physics given by Prof. R P Feynman at the California Institute of Technology during the academic year 1961-62. ... The lectures constitute a major part of a fundamental revision of the introductory course, carried out over a four year period. ... The need for a basic revision arose both from the rapid development of physics in recent decades and from the fact that entering freshmen have shown a stewady incrase in mathematical ability as a result of improvements in high school mathematical course content.' 
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Gödel, Kurt, and Solomon Feferman et al (eds), Kurt Gödel: Collected Works Volume 1 Publications 1929-1936, Oxford UP 1986 Jacket: 'Kurt Goedel was the most outstanding logician of the twentieth century, famous for his work on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypotheses. ... The first volume of a comprehensive edition of Goedel's works, this book makes available for the first time in a single source all his publications from 1929 to 1936, including his dissertation. ...' 
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Goedel, Kurt, and B Meltzler (translator), R B Braithwaite (Introduction), On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems, Dover 1992 A translation of Uber Formal Unentscheidbare Satze der Principia Mathematica und Verwandter Systeme I, Monatshefte fur Mathematik und Physic, 38(1931) 173-198. Jacket: 'In 1931 a young Austrian mathematician published an epoch making paper containing one of the most revolutionary ideas in logic since Aristotle. Kurt Gödel maintained, and offered detailed proof, that in any arithmetic system, even in elementary parts of arithmetic, there are propositions which cannot be proved or disproved within the system. It is thus uncertain that the basic axioms of arithmetic will mot give rise to contradictions. The repercussions of this discovery are still being felt and debated in 20th century mathematics.' 
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Goedel, Kurt, "On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems, I" in Solomon Fefferman et al (eds) Kurt Goedel: Collected Works Volume 1 Publications 1929-1936, Oxford UP 1986 Jacket: 'Kurt Goedel was the most outstanding logician of the twentieth century, famous for his work on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypotheses. ... The first volume of a comprehensive edition of Goedel's works, this book makes available for the first time in a single source all his publications from 1929 to 1936, including his dissertation. ...' 
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Nielsen, Michael A, and Isaac L Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press 2000 Review: A rigorous, comprehensive text on quantum information is timely. The study of quantum information and computation represents a particularly direct route to understanding quantum mechanics. Unlike the traditional route to quantum mechanics via Schroedinger's equation and the hydrogen atom, the study of quantum information requires no calculus, merely a knowledge of complex numbers and matrix multiplication. In addition, quantum information processing gives direct access to the traditionally advanced topics of measurement of quantum systems and decoherence.' Seth Lloyd, Department of Quantum Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Nature 6876: vol 416 page 19, 7 March 2002. 
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von Campenhausen, Hans, and (English translation revised by L A Garrard), The Fathers of hte Greek Church, Adam and Charles Black 1963 Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Heidelberg Universityback
Papers
Shannon, Claude E, "Communication in the Presence of Noise", Proceedings of the IEEE, 86, 2, February 1998, page 447-457. Reprint of Shannon, Claude E. "Communication in the Presence of Noise." Proceedings of the IEEE, 37 (January 1949) : 10-21. 'A method is developed for representing any communication system geometrically. Messages and the corresponding signals are points in two function spaces, and the modulation process is a mapping of one space into the other. Using this representation, a number of results in communication theory are deduced concerning expansion and compression of bandwidth and the threshold effect. Formulas are found for the maximum rate of transmission of binary digits over a system when the signal is perturbed by various types of noise. Some of the properties of "ideal" systems which transmit this maximum rate are discussed. The equivalent number of binary digits per second of certain information sources is calculated.' . back
Zurek, Wojciech Hubert, "Quantum origin of quantum jumps: Breaking of unitary symmetry induced by information transfer in the transition from quantum to classical", Physical Review A, 76, 5, 16 November 2007, page . Abstract: 'Measurements transfer information about a system to the apparatus and then, further on, to observers and (often inadvertently) to the environment. I show that even imperfect copying essential in such situations restricts possible unperturbed outcomes to an orthogonal subset of all possible states of the system, thus breaking the unitary symmetry of its Hilbert space implied by the quantum superposition principle. Preferred outcome states emerge as a result. They provide a framework for 'wave-packet collapse', designating terminal points of quantum jumps and defining the measured observable by specifying its eigenstates. In quantum Darwinism, they are the progenitors of multiple copies spread throughout the environment &mdash the fittest quantum states that not only survive decoherence, but subvert the environment into carrying information about them &mdash into becoming a witness.'. back
Zurek, Wojciech Hubert, "Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins of the classical", Review of Modern Physics, 75, , 2003, page 715-775. The manner in which states of some quantum systems become effectively classical is of great significance for the foundations of quantum physics, as well as for problems of practical interest such as quantum engineering. In the past two decades it has become increasingly clear that many (perhaps all) of the symptoms of classicality can be induced in quantum systems by their environments. Thus decoherence is caused by the interaction in which the environment in effect monitors certain observables of the system, destroying coherence between the pointer states corresponding to their eigenvalues. This leads to environment-induced superselection or einselection, a quantum process associated with selective loss of information. Einselected pointer states are stable. They can retain correlations with the rest of the universe in spite of the environment. Einselection enforces classicality by imposing an effective ban on the vast majority of the Hilbert space, eliminating especially the flagrantly nonlocal “Schrödinger-cat states.” The classical structure of phase space emerges from the quantum Hilbert space in the appropriate macroscopic limit. Combination of einselection with dynamics leads to the idealizations of a point and of a classical trajectory. In measurements, einselection replaces quantum entanglement between the apparatus and the measured system with the classical correlation. Only the preferred pointer observable of the apparatus can store information that has predictive power. When the measured quantum system is microscopic and isolated, this restriction on the predictive utility of its correlations with the macroscopic apparatus results in the effective “collapse of the wave packet.” The existential interpretation implied by einselection regards observers as open quantum systems, distinguished only by their ability to acquire, store, and process information. Spreading of the correlations with the effectively classical pointer states throughout the environment allows one to understand “classical reality” as a property based on the relatively objective existence of the einselected states. Effectively classical pointer states can be “found out” without being re-prepared, e.g, by intercepting the information already present in the environment. The redundancy of the records of pointer states in the environment (which can be thought of as their “fitness” in the Darwinian sense) is a measure of their classicality. A new symmetry appears in this setting. Environment-assisted invariance or envariance sheds new light on the nature of ignorance of the state of the system due to quantum correlations with the environment and leads to Born’s rules and to reduced density matrices, ultimately justifying basic principles of the program of decoherence and einselection.. back
Links
Bubble chamber - Wikipedia Bubble chamber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'A bubble chamber is a vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid (most often liquid hydrogen) used to detect electrically charged particles moving through it. It was invented in 1952 by Donald A. Glaser,[1] for which he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics.[2] Anecdotally, Glaser was inspired by the bubbles in a glass of beer; however, in a 2006 talk, he refuted this story, saying that although beer was not the inspiration for the bubble chamber, he did experiments using beer to fill early prototypes.' back
CERN LHC Homepage 'The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) sits in a circular tunnel 27 km in circumference. The tunnel is buried around 50 to 175 m. underground. It straddles the Swiss and French borders on the outskirts of Geneva. The first collisions at an energy of 3.5 TeV per beam took place on 30th March 2010. The LHC is designed to collide two counter rotating beams of protons or heavy ions. Proton-proton collisions are foreseen at an energy of 7 TeV per beam. The beams move around the LHC ring inside a continuous vacuum guided by magnets. The magnets are superconducting and are cooled by a huge cryogenics system. The cables conduct current without resistance in their superconducting state. The beams will be stored at high energy for hours. During this time collisions take place inside the four main LHC experiments.' back
Compact space - Wikipedia Compact space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In mathematics, more specifically general topology and metric topology, a compact space is an abstract mathematical space in which, intuitively, whenever one takes an infinite number of "steps" in the space, eventually one must get arbitrarily close to some other point of the space. Thus a closed and bounded subset (such as a closed interval or rectangle) of a Euclidean space is compact because ultimately one's steps are forced to "bunch up" near a point of the set, a result known as the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem, whereas Euclidean space itself is not compact because one can take infinitely many equal steps in any given direction without ever getting very close to any other point of the space.' back
Convex set - Wikipedia Convex set - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In Euclidean space, an object is convex if for every pair of points within the object, every point on the straight line segment that joins them is also within the object. For example, a solid cube is convex, but anything that is hollow or has a dent in it, for example, a crescent shape, is not convex.' back
Daniel W Graham - Heraclitus Heraclitus 'A Greek philosopher of Ephesus (near modern Kuşadası, Turkey) who was active around 500 BCE, Heraclitus propounded a distinctive theory which he expressed in oracular language. He is best known for his doctrines that things are constantly changing (universal flux), that opposites coincide (unity of opposites), and that fire is the basic material of the world. The exact interpretation of these doctrines is controversial, as is the inference often drawn from this theory that in the world as Heraclitus conceives it contradictory propositions must be true.' back
Erlangen program - Wikipedia Erlangen program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'An influential research program and manifesto was published in 1872 by Felix Klein, under the title Vergleichende Betrachtungen über neuere geometrische Forschungen. This Erlangen Program (Erlanger Programm) — Klein was then at Erlangen — proposed a new solution to the problem how to classify and characterize geometries on the basis of projective geometry and group theory.' back
Hexapla - Wikipedia Hexapla - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Hexapla (Ἑξαπλά: Gr. for "sixfold") is the term for an edition of the Bible in six versions. Especially it applies to the edition of the Old Testament compiled by Origen of Alexandria, which placed side by side: Hebrew Hebrew transliterated into Greek characters Aquila of Sinope Symmachus the Ebionite A recension of the Septuagint, with (1) interpolations to indicate where the Hebrew is not represented in the Septuagint -- these are taken mainly from Theodotion's text and marked with asterisks, and (2) indications, using signs called obeloi (singular: obelus), of where words, phrases, or occasionally larger sections in the Septuagint do not reflect any underlying Hebrew. Theodotion.' back
Holy See Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Profile: 'CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH Founded in 1542 by Pope Paul III with the Constitution "Licet ab initio," . . . The only curial organism which is older is the Secretariat of State, whose forerunner, the Apostolic Secretariat, was created by Innocent VIII on December 31, 1487, with the Constitution "Non debet reprehensibile." . . . Today, according to Article 48 of the Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia, 'Pastor Bonus,' promulgated by the Holy Father John Paul II on June 28, 1988, "the duty proper to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is to promote and safeguard the doctrine on the faith and morals throughout the Catholic world: for this reason everything which in any way touches such matter falls within its competence." The congregation is now headed by Prefect Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. It has a secretary, Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B., named June 13, an under-secretary, Msgr. Jozef Zlatnansky, and a staff of 32, according to the 1995 "Annuario Pontificio" or "Pontifical Yearbook." It also has 23 members - cardinals, archbishops and bishops - and 27 consultors. Given the nature of its task, congregation work is divided into four distinct sections: the doctrinal office, the disciplinary office, the matrimonial office and that for priests. back
Homeomorphism - Wikipedia Homeomorphism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In the mathematical field of topology, a homeomorphism or topological isomorphism (from the Greek words (homoios) = similar and (morph) = shape = form (. . . ) is a bicontinuous function between two topological spaces. Homeomorphisms are the isomorphisms in the category of topological spaces — that is, they are the mappings which preserve all the topological properties of a given space. Two spaces with a homeomorphism between them are called homeomorphic, and from a topological viewpoint they are the same.' back
Hypatia - Wikipedia Hypatia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Hypatia (Greek: Ὑπατία, Hypatía, . . . born between AD 350 and 370; died March 415) was a Greek scholar from Alexandria, Egypt, considered the first notable woman in mathematics, who also taught philosophy and astronomy. She lived in Roman Egypt, and was killed by a Christian mob who falsely blamed her for religious turmoil.[ Some suggest that her murder marked the end of what is traditionally known as Classical antiquity, although others such as Christian Wildberg observe that Hellenistic philosophy continued to flourish until the age of Justinian in the sixth century.' back
IUPAC nomenclature - Wikipedia IUPAC nomenclature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ...

This article treats the system of nomenclature in general, notably its aims and historical development. Separate articles treat the naming of organic compounds and inorganic compounds in more detail.' . . .

The primary function of chemical nomenclature is to ensure that the person who hears or reads a chemical name is under no ambiguity as to which chemical compound it refers to: each name should refer to a single substance. It is considered less important to ensure that each substance should have a single name, although the number of acceptable names is limited.' back

John Chrysostom - Wikipedia John Chrysostom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'John Chrysostom (c. 347–407, Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος), Archbishop of Constantinople, was an important Early Church Father. He is known for his eloquence in preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, and his ascetic sensibilities. After his death (or, according to some sources, during his life) he was given the Greek surname chrysostomos, meaning "golden mouthed", rendered in English as Chrysostom.' back
Synesius - Wikipedia Synesius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Synesius (Greek: Συνέσιος; c. 373 - c. 414), a Greek bishop of Ptolemais in the Libyan Pentapolis after 410, was born of wealthy parents, who claimed descent from Spartan kings, at Cyrene between 370 and 375.' back

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