natural theology

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VII Notes

2010

Notes

[Sunday 9 May 2010 - Saturday 15 May 2010]

[Notebook: DB 68: Salalah]

[page 372]

Sunday 9 May 2010

MOTIVATION. We are motivated by the probability of profitable success, either at escaping pain or acquiring pleasure. A truism which places motivation in the same category as physical potential, which in [modern] physics is just as real as an actuality.

Potential energy = rest energy ([form)]
Kinetic energy = energy of motion. (both relative to some frame [ie environment])

Ancient thinkers, usually of the wealthy, educated and ruling classes, often motivated by political and religious concerns, concluded that God and the heavens were sharply different from the world inhabited by humans. Modern science suggests differently. The archetypical role of God is as creator and sustainer

[page 373]

of the world. Here we argue against the ancient position by showing that the world as we now understand it is [formally] capable of creating itself, ie we produce of the world which associates no formal contradiction with the notion of self-creation. The argument proceeds in two steps: first, that we can reasonably model the world by a transfinite computer network; second that such a formal structure can explain its own origin. The world creates structure as my mind creates sentences, ordering elemental world to encapsulate a meaning that plays some part in the universal process.

Roman Catholic Church: fundamental claim, selling point and source of power and error is the claim of human immortality and post-mortem reward and punishment.

Quantum mechanics and communication theory are both worked out in function space which makes it easier to see the parallels between them (von Neumann, Shannon 1947 ? [1949] von Neumann Shannon). The main difference seems to be complex vsreal. We may attribute this to either full duplex communication or the dynamics of transformations represented by complex exponentials [recursive, periodic, functions]

Feynman's summary of quantum mechanics: 1. P = probability, Φ = probability amplitude, P = |Φ|2
2. Several [indistinguishable, unobserved] ways for an event to occur then Φ = Φ1 + Φ2, P = |Φ1 + Φ2|2 3. If the alternative taken is known or knowable, P = P1 + P2

'One might like to ask: "How does it work? What machinery lies behind the law?" No one has found any machinery behind the law. No one can "explain" any more than we have just "explained". No one will give you any deeper representation of

[page 374]

the situation. We have no ideas about a more basic mechanism from which these results can be deduced.' Feynman

Uncertainty: One cannot design equipment in any way to determine which of two alternative was taken without, at the same time, destroying the pattern of interference.

I will keep hammering on this for the rest of my life or until I find a satisfactory explanation, whichever comes first.

Interference = addition : real - classical - scalar 1D : complex - quantum - scalar 2D.

However, we limit our complex numbers to a norm of |1| which means that for z = x + iy, x2 + y2 = 1. |z| = 1, so we really only have one degree of freedom, not of magnitude but of angle, arg z.

More deply, maybe, what we are predicting is not a real number in the case of real waves but a probability amplitude from which we can predict a probability which occurs when the vectors (complex numbers) that are added are at an 'angle' to one another, which we wok out via the inner product. So is an angle one dimensional or two dimensional?

We assume that the reason one cannot predict quantum outcomes is because they are not determined, as Aquinas saw with free will. In other words they are indeterminate features in reality which we explain as interrupts in a network of deterministic computers.

At the root of quantum mechanics is the fact that all

information is represented physically and every movement or transformation of information requires a physical movement. There are no pure spirits.

The wonderful thing about quantum mechanics is that it is a symbolic system which appears to represent all that is representable about the world, ie it represents all the actual stationary points in the dynamics.

The slits in the two slit experiment are sources and when we observe them we see which source the electron comes from and the process is halted. If we do not observe them the process continues and so we do not know what the outcome is or will be.

OBSERVATION = HALTING (Turing).

The Schrödinger equation represents an ongoing but unobserved process of computation [transformation] The uncertainty principle says that we cannot both halt a process and observe the outcome and keep the process going and observe the process because any observation interrupts the process, so changing it. The wave function contains all the steps in a whole process [ie a complete set of states, anything that is possible] but we cannot see them without stopping it. [we can only get probability information, not phase information, which is 'private' like our own mental processes] All messages are formal, stationary points [particles]. Between the messages we cannot look except through imagination. The edge of reality. Reality comes in and out through the edges because it is a flow which can only be observed from the light cone of the observer. Coming in to view, going out of view. Coming under control; going out of control.

A process of limited complexity must be periodic if it goes on for long enough because it has nowhere else to go but back over its tracks. [group is dynamically closed]

In the real complex world there are countless instances of quantum mechanics at work spread through space whereas in the initial singularity there is but one instant.

The energy equation is the fundamental form of the world (the brick) from which all else is built.

Every Turing machine is isolated while it is running because it is deterministic, ie no outside information.

Aquinas is the Feynman of theology. Feynman is the Aquinas of physics. What does this mean? You probably have to read both writers extensively to find out (and then decide if this meaning is true or false).

Logic and geometry: Klein and Tarski Felix Klein - Wikipedia Alfred Tarski - Wikipedia

Motion is relative, so motion of one thing makes no sense. We need two things to have motion and then the motion is the simplest periodic, p, not-p, p, not p . . . This may be why we need complex numbers.

ADD [complex number] = triangle [of vectors]
MULTIPLY = multiply [absolute values] and rotate [add arguments] Complex number - Wikipedia

zi = ri exp i θi

[page 377]

No mark, no information. The Bible, which some regard as the most important spiritual information of all, is after all nothing but a set of marks on paper which have certain meanings in certain cultural milieux.

Polya and Latta: Analytic functions might have measure zero in the set of all complex functions. page 80. Polya & Latta

1. A function is analytic of its real and imaginary parts satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations. Cauchy-Riemann equations - Wikipedia
2. . . . if it is represented by a conformal [mapping] (Polya page 98-99)
[3. 'A function is analytic if it is represented by a sourceless and irrtational two-dimensional vector field.']

d ex / dx = ex, ie ex (ez) is invariant under differentiation.

Platonic vs physical mathematics: in Platonism, anything goes that is consistent; in physical mathematics we require both klocal consistency and local representability.

Monday 10 May 2010

Since continuous functions tell us nothing they are adequate to describe a completely simple God,so we must model such a god with a 1D Hilbert space. Creation then becomes equivalent to increasing the dimensionality of the Hilbert space [number of distinct frequencies/energies], as in the procession of the Word.

Spanish Civil War: Philby: Knightley Knightley

I am on a random walk away from my origin, which is best characterized as Aquinas' Summa embedded in an Irish Catholic version of the Dominican Order. Dominican Order - Wikipedia

Orwell: Homage to Catalonia Orwell

[page 378]

The basic dynamic structure of the Universe seems to be represented by the complex numbers [because they are periodic/recursive?]

Last night I dreamed of buying clothes. Does this mean that my subconscious really thinks that I can make a profitable impression on the religious world?

SUBCONSCIOUS = TRANSPARENT

How many computer ops to send an email from Sydney to Paris? Peking aka Beijing?

To the Chinese Party Apparatus: Monarchy is doomed.Here is the appropriate mathematical theory and some clues to the path to peacefulpolitical phase change from monarchic to democratic with some note on the effect of corruption.

Churchill Arms and the Covenant Churchill

Burgess: Propaganda and subversion: Knightley page 76.

Network of spies = secret = isolated networks, we might say taking in data without being observed to do so.

The steam engine introduced the concept of entropy, the quantity that is conserved by a reversible heat engine executing the Carnot cycle. Statistical mechanics showed that thermodynamic entropy is equivalent to the logarithm of the number of states open to the system whose entropy we are measuring, hence Boltzmann's headstone S = k log W Shannon saw that what we are really talking about is information. The information carried by a point in space

[page 379]

is the entropy of the space.

This article may be interpreted as an ordered set of letters. This set is partitioned into other ordered sets of ordered sets of words, sentences, paragraphs and so on. So we explain the whole system by reference to the article itself. That is what mathematics does. Given the rules the marks on the paper are the evidence for the proposed theorem. ,p> From steam engines to computers.

The fundamental requirement of a code is reversibility. What has been encoded must be decoded to be of any use to the user.

From computers to networks. A communication network connects users by receiving information and giving it out in machine readable form.

The article to be chapter 1 of the book: On Crestion

The job here is to encode my picture of the world in a way that can be decoded by other people thinking about theological issues.

The philosophers of one generation become the theologians of the next as they become engaged in the practical application of theor ideas: first model the world; then decide what to do.

On theology and navigation: public, not subversive.

I would therefore like to state my case before a suitable tribunal of the Holy See. Since I would expect this to be an open public theological inquiry, I see no reason why I should not publicize this request.

[page 380]

The case is that Roman Catholic theology,like the practice of magic, is no sound basis for political decision making. What I am clearly setting out to do is to conduct a trial in the public domain to provoke a trial before the Roman Curia.

Malcolm Muggeridge: 'I went in for an interview with the SIS at Broadway headquarters. It seemed to me that the whole place was so absurd that it must be some kind of facade. I reasoned that this was where they tried you out and when you passed they'd day "Well, he's all right. Now we will show him the real Secret Service.' Then I found out that this was the real Secret Service. Knightley page 79 n.

I seem to moving into a dangerous (deluded) phase in which I begin to believe in myself and feel that I have devised an alternative to the failed elements of Catholic Doctrine which is worth a public hearing. The constituency for that hearing is the membership of the Roman Catholic Church and so that is where I should state my case.

We need a file of Church Newspapers.

I could do nothing but accept the Church's judgement at the time, but I still think they were wrong and that it is an issue that needs public discussion.

The whole theological foundation of the Catholic Church needs complete revision This will entail little change. The same organizational network simply begins to transmit a different message about the theological foundation of its social work.

[page 381]

Philby and the 'subversive rumour'.

Knightley page 83: '. . . Philby got permission to seek political guidance on Britain's views of Europe after victory.

Classical statistical mechanics, reversibility and perpetual motion.

Seem to be slowly overcoming my reluctance to see public relations and promotion as real work, but they are a necessary part of the project to monetize and propagate natural religion: toward natural religion project.

Knightley page 86: British SIS 1909, CIA 1947, Vatican ?

. . .

page 88: a basic plot that is almost as ancient as man himself: the overcoming of the monster. The story of how the hero alone recognizes the danger the monster poses to the tribe, how he prepares for the confrontation, how he divines the monster's secret and eventually kills it, has been told for centuries in all civilizations as a harmless allegory for man's struggle against evil.

W HH Waters: 'My view always was -- and experience has only tended to confirm it -- that the results of secret service are virtually negligible.'

. . .

Knightly page 91: 'Communism was a godsend to the SIS' and now al Qaeda!

[page 382]

Two requisites: 1.Good doctrine attractively presented.

2. Political power necessary to spread the doctrine.

eg 1; Christianity; 2: Roman Imperial bureaucracy.

So we want to infiltrate the world with 'natural religionists' whose role is to bring peace and global salvation.

Natural religionist = natural scientist.

General relativity achieves the same end as theology, tracing the structured Universe back to an unstructured point.

We can talk about quantization without introducing [quantum mechanics]. In fact quantum mechanics describes the continuous substrate (the continuous flow of probability.

To DB 69 CREATION.

[page 1]

Tuesday 11 May 2010

Knightley page 234 Philby: 'The KGB seemed to have no idea of my real potential. I became depressed, unhappy and prone to doubt. Now doubt is a terrible thing. ASs you know I have met graham Greene several times over the last couple of years. They were the most rewarding meetings in our long friendship. For the first time we were able to speak frankly with each other. We were able to discuss doubt, a matter of great importance to us both -- the nagging doubt we both felt, him as a Roman Catholic and me as a communist.'

Doubt is one thing I do not seem to have suffered. Lonergan converted me and ever since (starting with How Universal) [I] have not looked back. I was still emotionally attached to heaven, but gradually my intellectual conviction lead me to see the possibilities of heaven (and hell) on earth and I realized that pain is not a punishment for ancient sin but a warning that the stress on the system is too much. Since then the program has been fairly straightforward, spending as much time and money as possible on learning enough of everything to develop a model of God that fits the world. I now think I have really cooked up a good enough picture to get published in a mainstream journal, but that awaits their editor's judgement. Meanwhile keep polishing.

My certainty comes from my sympathy with the world.

Preaching (promoting, propagating) natural religion. My time in the Order of Preachers was blighted by the fact that I could not honestly preach what they wanted me to preach.

[page 2]

Si I offered to become a lay brother, to serve and pray, but not to preach.M wonder remains: how can grown men say such things?

Wittgenstein: you can't speak the unspeakable,that is the unresolved. Resolution is possible when the observer is equal (equivalent to) the observed. Knightley 241.

Catholic and communists doubt because there is no evidence for their positions. They are castles in the air which must be taken on faith. Philby grounded himself (was coupled to reality) by his love for Rufa. Knightley page 236 sqq. Part of the essence of Catholicism is to prevents its theologians and preachers from so grounding themselves by enforcing a celibacy ceiling and a ceiling for women at ground level.

The worst feature of the Church (shared by secret police and their masters the world over) is their invasion of the internal forum, convincing people that the world they see is not the true world, but rather the picture they are presenting with smoke and chants. The scientific attitude is the opposite of this.

Theology is the last bastion of pre-science (incredulity). We are born to believe everything, so it is easy to mislead children.

Knightley page 245: Philby: '[Greene] said he saw approaching an historic alliance between Communism and the Roman Catholic Church, the two marching shoulder-to-shoulder against poverty and repression.

[page 3]

Two of the greatest repressors of all time in terms of number of people repressed!

'. . . like any religious faith, communism required a suspension of belief.' Knightley page 263.

Natural religion requires no suspension of belief.

Wednesday 12 May 2010

The Great Gadsby Fitzgerald: Creating a persona for oneself.

The Church has always been quite proactive about marketing itself. Holy See We cannot tell what the world would have been like without it, but we can see how it fitted into the actual political climate of the Roman Empire and flourished because enough people believed its story, either from conviction or pragmatism, to give it power. Add to this the power and reputation of many of the leading thinkers ('Fathers of the Church') who became convinced that Christianity was a good thing and promoted it. Everything seemed to fit together perfectly, with a few dissenters who were eventually overcome by 'scientific' political, police or ultimately military force, although this did not become important until the crusading movement gathered momentum. Given that changing momentum is a sign of force, we can search history for all the forces that promoted Christianity to its current dominant position in terms of power, wealth and constituency.

Church politics - church = political unit defined by a purpose.

Natural theology tells us that natural religion is always with us and it is the force that binds complex structures together.

[page 4]

RELIGION = BINDING (Latin?)

Thursday 13 May 2010

The future dichotomy between God and the World seems to have been already in place in the opposition between Parmenides who saw true reality as completely static and eternal and Heraclitus who felt that everything flowed. We resolve this dichotomy with Brouwer's fixed point theorem: the mapping of a convex compact set onto itself must contain a fixed point. Brouwer fixed point theorem - Wikipedia It is reasonable to see the Universe as compact (containing its own boundaries) and convex (no holes) and so its dynamic mapping onto itself implies the existence of fixed points. Since, as Thomas notes, it obviously moves, we are led to see Parmenides eternity in the midst of Heraclitus' flux.

Thew inherently dynamical nature of the Universe is just as unexplainable as the dynamics of God. We are here and we are moving and that is that.

The fundamental moral principle m,ay be phrased 'respect creation' or 'love God'. In general maintain complexity and the freedom (symmetry) that generates complexity.

SYMMETRY = EQUIPROBABILITY

We might say that every possible state in an unobserved system is equiprobable, the symmetry of probabilities only being broken when we observe it by the broken symmetry of an observation operator.

[page 5]

Tender is the Night: Shopping scene (12). No shopping without recycling. It is a fact of life that all information (which is the spice of our life - think sex) is embodied physically and to make room for new information we must recycle the material basis. A materialist, you will say? Ugh. But we must take care of the matter of we are to have the information. The internet works on matter. Basically it is a flow of electrons and photons. The electrons are conserved, neither created nor destroyed in the energy levels used for transmission and computation. [the photons are frequently created and annihilated.]

We model matter by discrete entities. We model form by the communication between these entities. Information is carried by the discrete entities. You can write a message with black ink and white ink (starting off with nothing and arranging the two inks into a string of words). But mix them together to make grey ink and you can write nothing. As MTW say, in every case all the necessary symbols are defined by the dynamic relationships between them, ie E = hf, F = ma, E = mc2 etc etc. Misner, Thorne & Wheeler

Dynamism sculpts the stationary points as in grinding a telescope mirror of shaping the articulatory surfaces of a baby's skeleton.

Tender (16) '"The strongest guard is placed at the gateway to nothing," he said. "Maybe because the condition of emptiness is too shameful to be divulged"'

Trying to force a conclusion is a waste of time. All things take time and timing (= relative phase [relative complete of a process]) is of the essence. The rate of processing (= phase change) is directly proportional to

[page 6]

energy, but as in the hydrogen atom, the proportioning of energy among the electrons is a function of structure, of finding frequencies where everything is in phase and we have a stationary phase difference which translates into a stationary probability. Probabilities can be fixed points too, like the symmetric probabilities of the faces of a fair die. Bohr's use of de Broglie's theory to explain the stationary atomic orbits as paths of integral phase so that the smooth circle of phase is unbroken. A similar idea is that the amplitude of the momentum of a particle reflected from a wall is 0, so that one finds the states in the potential well have zero amplitude at the walls. The Universe has no boundary and so no overall need for the digitization of momentum in a box, but locally there is almost always a potential well at hand to structure the motions within it. So what is the difference between the structured motion and the potential well? Quantum mechanically, we conceive of it as wavelengths and frequencies in space and time (which are locally orthogonal).

To study locally is to study deterministic processes. Once we break the locality by allowing outside influences in the determinacy is broken and the breaking is in some was a function of the relative phases of the two processes which they interrupt one another. Why do we need complex numbers? Because the observer's machine is real (from the observer's point of view) and the observed is pure imaginary. Since in quantum mechanics to observe is to be observed, real and imaginary may be permuted, with the proviso that the product of two positive or two negative reals is positive, the product of two imaginaries of the same sign is negative. From the point of view of absolute values, real and imaginary are symmetrical.

[page 7]

Always trying to push myself over ne more line to the Holy Grail, the source of life.

The Pope and other monarchs and dictators in general want to move other people without being moved themselves, rather like the black hole at the centre of the glaxy or the sun in the solar system ort the nucleus of an atom. In a democracy, on the other hand action and reaction are equal and opposite, so that both particles are affected [equally] by all interactions.

Friday 14 May 2010

Writing, talking etc = putting one's conscious forms into the public domain, ie breaking one's locality.

Fitzgerald, Tender II, 4 'Like so many men, he had found that he had only one or two ideas . . . ' For me, Universe is Divine is my one idea and all else falls into place under this rubric.

'It seemed to him that when a man of his energy was pursued for a year by increasing doubts, it indicated some fault in the plan.'

Love arises from a probability of having a good time together. The goodness of sex is in many cases quite enough to overcome the difficulties of survival and reproduction.

I took a vow of poverty, but this did not mean that I did not have it all laid on for me so that I lived a life without economic cares supported in one way or another by contributions from the faithful over hundreds (or even thousands) of years.

[page 8]

The reproductive (romantic) layer of humanity (and all sexual species) is built on the individual layer and is part of the social layer each newborn enters at birth (and before).

Layering is local, in me and my machine as I transform my thoughts about my human condition into a physical structure of paper and ink.

'-- Do you mind if I pull down the curtain?
-- Please do its too light in here.'

Nevertheless the only way to take the pain out of inconsistency is to shed enough light on it to understand it well enough to see how to resolve it: choose one or the other. one might say that romantic inconsistency (and of course, romantic consistency) are the cause of romantic dynamics.

A pantheistic line of thought like the one proposed here has been excluded from mainstream Western theology for thousands of years, but is due for a resurgence as our scientific explorations make it clearer that we are children of the solar system (in the object oriented programming sense as well) which is itself a child of the Universe.

Why has theism lasted so long after the emergence of science after the Renaissance.

Saturday 15 May 2010

Actus purus: the Universe is in perpetual motion (through quantum mechanics and the conservation of energy)

[page 9]

and is continuously creative as indicated by the increase in entropy).

We spend most of our time communicating with ourselves, since each of us is our own local stationary states.

Every change of mind requires a change of matter, in that the mind is ultimately encoded in physical symbols since all information is encoded in physical symbols.

Parmenides: The inconceivability of what necessarily is not, eg round square. Palmer. John Palmer - Parmenides

Writing: bringing into formal existence, like Gates' DOS. MS-DOS - Wikipedia

Networks grow by sending out new branches, ie copying themselves = apostles απο στόλος.

στόλος: 'an equipment for warlike purposes, an expedition, by land or sea, a journey, voyage. Liddell & Scott Liddell

Somewhere above I claimed to have no doubt about the proposition 'the Universe is Divine". This is not completely true in that I do have some doubt about my ability to ever render my understanding of this proposition intelligible and valuable to anybody else (and so derive some income from it and allow myself to develop it even further). My Amazon and Adsense accounts total nearly $200 after five years or so!

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Bell, John S, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge University Press 1987 Jacket: JB ... is particularly famous for his discovery of a crucial difference between the predictions of conventional quantum mechanics and the implications of local causality ... This work has played a major role in the development of our current understanding of the profound nature of quantum concepts and of the fundamental limitations they impose on the applicability of classical ideas of space, time and locality. 
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Brandt, Siegmund, and Hans Dieter Dahmen, The Picture Book of Quantum Mechanics, Springer-Verlag 1995 Jacket: 'This book is an introduction to the basic concepts and phenomena of quantum mechanics. Computer-generated illustrations are used extensively throughout the text, helping to establish the relation between quantum mechanics on one side and classical physics ... on the other side. Even more by studying the pictures in parallel with the text, readers develop an intuition for notoriously abstract quantum phenomena ...' 
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Churchill, Winston S, Arms and the Covenant: Speeches on Foreign Affairs andNational Defence, George G. Harrap And Co. Ltd 1938 ' The precursor to Churchill's great war speeches. A collection of speeches spanning the years 1928 to 1938 criticizing British foreign policy and warning prophetically of the coming danger. Churchill bibliographer Frederick Woods called this book "probably the most crucial volume of speeches that he ever published."' Churchill Book Collector 
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Cummins, Denise Dellarosa, and Colin Allen (editors), The Evolution of Mind, Oxford University Press 1998 Introduction: 'This book is an interdisciplinary endeavour, a collection of essays by ethologists, psychologists, anthropologists and philosophers united in the common goal of explaining cognition. . . . the chief challenge is to make evolutionary psychology into an experimental science. Several of the chapters in this volume describe experimental techniques and results consistent with this aim; our hope and intention is that they lead by example in the development of evolutionary psychology from the realm of speculation to that of established research program' 
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Feynman, Richard P, and Robert B Leighton, Matthew Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (volume 3) : Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley 1970 Foreword: 'This set of lectures tries to elucidate from the beginning those features of quantum mechanics which are the most basic and the most general. ... In each instance the ideas are introduced together with a detailed discussion of some specific examples - to try to make the physical ideas as real as possible.' Matthew Sands 
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Gatlin, Lila L, Information Theory and the Living System, Columbia University Press 1972 Chapter 1: 'Life may be defined operationally as an information processing system -- a structural hierarchy of functioning units -- that has acquired through evolution the ability to store and process the information necessary for its own accurate reproduction. The key word in the definition is information. This definition, like all definitions of life, is relative to the environment. My reference system is the natural environment we find on this planet. However, I do not think that life has ever been defined even operationally in terms of information. This entire book constitutes a first step towar dsuch a definition.' 
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Horgan, John, The End of Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age, Little Brown and Co 1996 Amazon Editorial Review From Publishers Weekly 'Scientific American columnist Horgan here interviews an impressive array of scientists and philosophers, who seem sharply divided over the prospects and possibilities of science. Among the pessimists, molecular biologist Gunther Stent suggests that science is reaching a point of incremental, diminishing returns as it comes up against the limits of knowledge; philosopher Thomas Kuhn sees science as a nonrational process that does not converge with truth; Vienna-born thinker Paul Feyerabend objects to science's pretensions to certainty and its potential to stamp out the diversity of human thought and culture. More optimistic are particle physicist Edward Witten, pioneer of superstring theory (which posits a universe of 10 dimensions); robotics engineer Hans Moravec, who envisions superintelligent creative robots; and physicist Roger Penrose, who theorizes that quantum effects percolating through the brain underlie consciousness. Other interviewees are Francis Crick, Noam Chomsky, David Bohm, Karl Popper, Murray Gell-Mann, Sheldon Glashow, Ilya Prigogine and Clifford Geertz. Despite the dominant doomsaying tone, this colloquium leaves much room for optimism.' Copyright 1996 Reed Business Information, Inc. 
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Knightley, Phillip, Phiulby: KGB Master Spy, Pan Books 1989 Back Cover: 'The name Kim Philby has become synonymous with the most amazing exploits in the history of espionage.

Agent, double agent, traitor, enigma. Few knew the real man behind the impenetrable facade that for years fooled British Intelligence, the CIA and the FBI. After Philby defected to Russio in 1968 he maintained a code of silence for 25 years - until a few weeks before his death.

Then, in an unprecedented move, he invited journalist Phillip Knightley to his Moscow apartment, and in six days of conversation he bared his sour as never before. He told of his childhood, the influence of his extraordinary father and the events that lead him inexorably to turn traitor.

For the first time, Philby - KGB Masterspy tells the full story -- before and after defection. Through his views on everything from loyalty and patriotism to pop muic and Margaret Thatcher, revelation after revelation combine to build a unique picture of the most notorious spy of the 20th Century, a tale that rivals the best spy fiction.  
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Liddell, and Scott, A Lexicon: Abridged from Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, Clarendon Press 1963 Advertisement: 'The Abridgement of Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon is intended chiefly for use in Schools. It has been reduced to its present compass by the omission I. Of passages cited as authorities .. II. Of discussions upon the Derivation of words; III. Of words used only by authors not read in Schools ... ' 
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Lonergan, Bernard J F, Insight : A Study of Human Understanding (Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan : Volume 3), University of Toronto Press 1992 '... Bernard Lonergan's masterwork. Its aim is nothing less than insight into insight itself, an understanding of understanding' 
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Misner, Charles W, and Kip S Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, Freeman 1973 Jacket: 'Einstein's description of gravitation as curvature of spacetime led directly to that greatest of all predictions of his theory, that the universe itself is dynamic. Physics still has far to go to come to terms with this amazing fact and what it means for man and his relation to the universe. John Archibald Wheeler. . . . this is a book on Einstein's theory of gravity. . . . ' 
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Orwell, George, Homage to Catalonia, Mariner Books 1980 Amazon.com Review '"I wonder what is the appropriate first action when you come from a country at war and set foot on peaceful soil. Mine was to rush to the tobacco-kiosk and buy as many cigars and cigarettes as I could stuff into my pockets." Most war correspondents observe wars and then tell stories about the battles, the soldiers and the civilians. George Orwell--novelist, journalist, sometime socialist--actually traded his press pass for a uniform and fought against Franco's Fascists in the Spanish Civil War during 1936 and 1937. He put his politics and his formidable conscience to the toughest tests during those days in the trenches in the Catalan section of Spain. Then, after nearly getting killed, he went back to England and wrote a gripping account of his experiences, as well as a complex analysis of the political machinations that led to the defeat of the socialist Republicans and the victory of the Fascists.' 
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Polya, George, and Gordon Latta, Complex Variables, John Wiley & Sons Inc 1974 Preface: 'After having lectured for several decades on complex variables to prospective engineers and physicists, I have definite and, I hope, not unrealistic ideas about their requirements and preferences. . . .

I hope that this book is useful not only to future engineers and physicists, but also to future mathematicians. Mathematical concepts and facts gain in vividness and clarity if they are well connected with the world around us and with general ideas, and if we obtain them by our own work through successive stages instead of in one lump.' 
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von Neumann, John, and Robert T Beyer (translator), Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Princeton University Press 1983 Jacket: '. . . a revolutionary book that caused a sea change in theoretical physics. . . . JvN begins by presenting the theory of Hermitean operators and Hilbert spaces. These provide the framework for transformation theory, which JvN regards as the definitive form of quantum mechanics. . . . Regarded as a tour de force at the time of its publication, this book is still indispensable for those interested in the fundamental issues of quantum mechanics.' 
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Wiener, Norbert, Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine, MIT Press 1996 The classic founding text of cybernetics. 
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Zee, Anthony, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, Princeton University Press 2003 Amazon book description: 'An esteemed researcher and acclaimed popular author takes up the challenge of providing a clear, relatively brief, and fully up-to-date introduction to one of the most vital but notoriously difficult subjects in theoretical physics. A quantum field theory text for the twenty-first century, this book makes the essential tool of modern theoretical physics available to any student who has completed a course on quantum mechanics and is eager to go on. Quantum field theory was invented to deal simultaneously with special relativity and quantum mechanics, the two greatest discoveries of early twentieth-century physics, but it has become increasingly important to many areas of physics. These days, physicists turn to quantum field theory to describe a multitude of phenomena. Stressing critical ideas and insights, Zee uses numerous examples to lead students to a true conceptual understanding of quantum field theory--what it means and what it can do. He covers an unusually diverse range of topics, including various contemporary developments,while guiding readers through thoughtfully designed problems. In contrast to previous texts, Zee incorporates gravity from the outset and discusses the innovative use of quantum field theory in modern condensed matter theory. Without a solid understanding of quantum field theory, no student can claim to have mastered contemporary theoretical physics. Offering a remarkably accessible conceptual introduction, this text will be widely welcomed and used.  
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Papers
Shannon, Claude E, "Communication in the Presence of Noise", Proceedings of the IEEE, 86, 2, February 1998, page 447-457. Reprint of Shannon, Claude E. "Communication in the Presence of Noise." Proceedings of the IEEE, 37 (January 1949) : 10-21. 'A method is developed for representing any communication system geometrically. Messages and the corresponding signals are points in two function spaces, and the modulation process is a mapping of one space into the other. Using this representation, a number of results in communication theory are deduced concerning expansion and compression of bandwidth and the threshold effect. Formulas are found for the maximum rate of transmission of binary digits over a system when the signal is perturbed by various types of noise. Some of the properties of "ideal" systems which transmit this maximum rate are discussed. The equivalent number of binary digits per second of certain information sources is calculated.' . back
Links
Alfred Tarski - Wikipedia Alfred Tarski - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Alfred Tarski (January 14, 1901, Warsaw, Russian-ruled Poland – October 26, 1983, Berkeley, California) was a Polish logician and mathematician. . . .

His biographers Anita and Solomon Feferman state that, "Along with his contemporary, Kurt Gödel, he changed the face of logic in the twentieth century, especially through his work on the concept of truth and the theory of models."' back

Brouwer fixed point theorem - Wikipedia Brouwer fixed point theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Brouwer's fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in topology, named after Luitzen Brouwer. It states that for any continuous function f with certain properties there is a point x0 such that f(x0) = x0. The simplest form of Brouwer's theorem is for continuous functions f from a disk D to itself. A more general form is for continuous functions from a convex compact subset K of Euclidean space to itself. back
Catholic Church - Wikipedia Dominican Order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum), after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III (1216-27) on 22 December 1216 in France. Membership in the Order includes friars, congregations of active sisters, and lay persons affiliated with the order (formerly known as tertiaries, now Lay or Secular Dominicans).' back
Cauchy-Riemann equations - Wikipedia Cauchy-Riemann equations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In mathematics, the Cauchy–Riemann differential equations in complex analysis, named after Augustin Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann, consist of a system of two partial differential equations that provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a differentiable function to be holomorphic in an open set. This system of equations first appeared in the work of Jean le Rond d'Alembert (d'Alembert 1752). Later, Leonhard Euler connected this system to the analytic functions (Euler 1777). Cauchy (1814) then used these equations to construct his theory of functions. Riemann's dissertation (Riemann 1851) on the theory of functions appeared in 1851.' back
Complex number - Wikipedia Complex number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In mathematics, a complex number is a number which is often formally defined to consist of an ordered pair of real numbers (a,b), often written z = a + ib Complex numbers have addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations defined, with behaviours which are a strict superset of real numbers, as well as having other elegant and useful properties. Notably, the square roots of negative numbers can be calculated in terms of complex numbers.

Complex numbers were invented when it was discovered that solving some cubic equations required intermediate calculations containing the square roots of negative numbers, even when the final solutions were real numbers. Additionally, from the fundamental theorem of algebra the use of complex numbers as the number field for polynomial algebraic equations means that solutions always exist. The set of complex numbers is said to form a field which is algebraically closed, in contrast to the real numbers.' back

Felix Klein - Wikipedia Felix Klein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Felix Christian Klein (25 April 1849 – 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician, known for his work in group theory, function theory, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the connections between geometry and group theory. His 1872 Erlangen Program, classifying geometries by their underlying symmetry groups, was a hugely influential synthesis of much of the mathematics of the day.' back
Holy See Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples - Index '1. Con la Bolla Inscrutabili Divinae, (22 giugno 1622) emanata da Papa Gregorio XV, ebbe inizio il periodo costitutivo della Congregazione, con il nome de Propaganda Fide, cui fecero seguito altri documenti pontifici fondamentali: Romanum decet (con la medesima data), Cum inter multiplices (14 dicembre 1622), Cum nuper (13 giugno 1623), ed infine Immortalis Dei (1° agosto 1627).' back
John Palmer - Parmenides Parmenides (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) First published Fri Feb 8, 2008 'Parmenides of Elea, active in the earlier part of the 5th c. BCE., authored a difficult metaphysical poem that has earned him a reputation as early Greek philosophy's most profound and challenging thinker. His philosophical stance has typically been understood as at once extremely paradoxical and yet crucial for the broader development of Greek natural philosophy and metaphysics. He has been seen as a metaphysical monist (of one stripe or another) who so challenged the naïve cosmological theories of his predecessors that his major successors among the Presocratics were all driven to develop more sophisticated physical theories in response to his arguments.' back
MS-DOS - Wikipedia MS-DOS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'MS-DOS (pronounced . . . em-es-dos; short for MicroSoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers, which was purchased by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system for personal computers during the 1980s up to mid 1990s.' back

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