natural theology

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vol VII: Notes

2012

Notes

[Sunday 9 December 2012 - Saturday 15 December 2012]

[Notebook: DB 74 CREATION]

[page 22]

Sunday 9 December 2012

Feynman & Hibbs page 9: Uncertainty principle: Any determination of the alternative taken by a process capable of following more than one alternative destroys the interference between the alternatives. Feynman & Hibbs

Two slit experiment seems to be oldest and deepest conundrum. Let us interpret interference as communication as is the determination of the alternative. Once we have

[page 23]

definite information the computation is halted and we get a message, ie a particle. An electron leaves the gun, a particle mapped onto spacetime but existing prior to space as a process that becomes constrained by the two slits into two processes whose phase differences guide where it is going to hit the screen. It hits the screen where the two processes have the same phase, ie halt simultaneously, since quantum mechanics is principally concerned with timing rather than spatial position. The frequency f the electron depends upon its energy / momentum. One process - two processes - one process. Path integral method supposes one process (path), infinite processes, one process.

Position and velocity are both 'relative' quantities and we can only measure them with respect to some reference frame. If there is no reference body, they jave no observable reality, although something might be happening.

A wallaby in the garden is a large particle.

Electron is an algorithm, and two slits create two instances of the algorithm? Seen relative to space-time, the algorithm is pixellated (digitized) in units of ℏ.

The product of pixels in space / momentum energy / time cannot be smaller than ℏ.

Electron interacts with physical holes to change its momentum so it does not hit the screen straight in front of the hole as a bullet might do.

The invisibility theorem comes in here somewhere. A running process is invisible and can only be observed when it halts.

[page 24]

Feynman & Hibbs page 14: 'When alternatives cannot possibly be resolved by experient [are invisible] they always interfere.'

exclusive alternative (visible) vs interfering alternatives (invisible).

The large quantities of speculation in these notebooks are eventually boiled down into shorter articles which are ordered sets of words destined for publication, that is to become visible to the world, whereas these notes are in effect invisible computations leading to the visible conclusions.

Same with my invisible unconscious mind, which deals with a vast network of interfering alternatives, and my words, which are observed by me when they become conscious and to others when they are written or spoken.

Once space is established many things work by fit and tolerance (let us say in the macroscopic world) but various relationships are maintained by forces (symmetries) and fields (disturbances of the symmetry), local gauge symmetry which is disturbed according to various symmetries like conservation of action, energy, momentum, ie 1 dimension, two dimensions, three dimensions. Every point in space ([spectral] line) is 'split' by time marching on. Does time go past me? Me past time? We both go along together, but memory and modelling make us aware of past and future. Some physicists think past and future are symmetrical, but they are not, they are ordered: numerus motus secundum prius et posterius [Aristotle Physics 219b2] Aristotle

The Theology Company is on a mission from god.

[page 25]

'It is impossible to do away with the law of suffering which is the one indisputable condition of our being. Progress is to be represented by the amount of suffering undergone. The purer the suffering, the greater is the progress.' Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi

An ancient misunderstanding of the role of pain and suffering in life. Specifically, pain and suffering are feedbacks that tell us that a system is being highly stressed.

What we see is that the basic quantum computations are simple logical functions and the complexity, as in conventional computers, comes from the sequencing, the timing and the interrupts that occur in the network. We can understands the observation of which hole the electron goes through as an interruption in the overall process which destroys coherence.

Monday 10 December 2012

We must accepts as a mystery how we (ie the Universe) got here in the first place and be content with trying to understand how it got to be the way it is now from a very simple start, Fixed point theorems will do this for us, and, like evolutionists, we are trying to trace the history of its furcations from the evidence that is available to us at the present time. In other words we take the dynamics for granted in a divine Universe and as scientists concentrate on the fixed points the things we can write down and build upon.

I awake tense as usual even though work is going well and

[page 26]

funding is in place which makes me think that my real problem is theological and there is pressure in me to bring something theological to fruition, to be a productive tree. No matter how far I have goner, however, there does seem to be further to go, so whatever I produce will be a work in progress, a step on a journey rather than a perfect eternal product that my source, the Roman Catholic Church, claims to possess. What I need is some work of sufficient promise to attract the attention of at least one other person.

Stalin's notion of creating a new social structure was to annihilate all existing structure [civility] except the Communist Party, and the Chinese seem to be taking a similar approach. McGregor. McGregor

Although Marx derided religion as tyhe opium of the people, the history of the Cold War suggests that religious institutions were one of the few things that withstood the Communist onslaught and led to its downfall. We cannot deny that many of the most far seeing people in history have devoted their attention to religion and that it is still a very powerful force among us, particulary when we consider that the centre of gravity of religion is moving from the ancient Churches to the space of secular civility defined particularly by statements of human rights. The old religions, insofar as they were managed by elites connected to the ruling class, tended to play down human rights, so we find the Roman Catholic Church still a faith based absolute monarchy and [at least constitutionally] an anachronism in modern civil society.

Once we accept that the Universe id divine and that we are inside, rather than outside God, everything

[page 27]

begins to fall into place.

Bosons simplify by tending to one state. Fermions complexify by requiring one state each. State = memory = fixed point.

The people of the Bible lived between 5000 and 2000 years ago, and had a world and a world view very different from ours. Because of the importance of the Bible as the definitive document of much Western religion, its historical physical, political and psychological milieu has been studied in great detail. Much of this study has been driven by people who have the faith, and much of it by those who don't, those who trust their opinions not to faith but to observation.

To a modern observer, the religion of the Bible affected quite a small minority of all the people who have ever lived and this during a tiny slot in the overall history of humanity.

The Bible is the foundation of Christian theology. Up until the late Middle Ages, this theology served as the effective theory of everything that explained the environment and meaning of human life.

In the medieval period, theology was considered to be a science. Then the definition of science was changed about the time of Galileo. Before this time, science was considered to be almost purely deductive, starting from a set of 'obvious' principles and arguing to certain conclusions. [Example Aquinas' derivation of the properties of God from actus purus]. Galileo and his contemporaries saw that this did not guarantee certain knowledge. Another step is necessary, The conclusions of any hypothesis (set of principles)

[page 28]

must be tested against reality. Traditional theology is about an infinite and invisible Gods, and since we cannot observe God, no testing is possible. Hence the need for faith. The Catholic Church has tried to make faith in its teachings reasonable by declaring itself infallible, but since it is hard to find evidence for this claim faith remains just that, faith,. Theology so conceived is not a science. Even the Pontifical Academy of Science does not list Theology among its disciplines.

The best product sells itself. The Jesus package answered all the questions troubling the ancient world and they bought it wholesale. We are seeking a similar product now.

Since the time of Galileo theology has not been a science because its subject God is generally held to be invisible. This is an old position. It was hard to tell whether any of the ancient Gods lived in the same world as ourselves, or some other wolds. The Christian tradition arose from the meeting of two otherworldly cultures, the Hebrews and the Ancient Greeks.

Tuesday 11 December 2012

Looking at myself in the mirror of my youthful theological environment (the feedback I got from my mentors) I was a misfit seeking a fit. Having faith in my own reality, I found their story false, and set out to improve it by taking a scientific approach, taking less heed of the books of the Bible and more of

[page 29]

the book of Nature.

Slowly I am finding my place in my God, and because it seems to be a good place, I would like to propagate it, strengthening it for myself by sharing it with others who appear to suffer the pains of dislocation in the world of conventional falsity built up by the elites in my history, beginning perhaps with Moses and Plato and represented in the current world by the Pope.

Long view is critical view. We want certain knowledge.

We are becoming accustomed to the big lies that lie behind the Papacy, The Party and similar totalitarian organizations [so well fingered by Orwell]. Orwell

Motivation, potential, formalism. Totalitarians say believe or die. Scientists say look and live.

Each of us has a theology based on our experiences of life which include our interactions with everybody we meet, family, friends, school etc etc all leave their greater or lesser mark. One may learn as much from a gentle experience extended over a long period as a violent and very brief experience. F = ma, where F represents the potential, the form, and a the motion resulting,. In the massless regime there is no acceleration, a photon is born travelling at the speed of light.

The recent US presidential campaign demonstrates the need for an ethical epistemology, the drive to seek the truth and state it clearly instead of repeating known falshoods ad nauseam in the hope that some will stick.

[page 30]

From a political point of view to establish an omniscient and omnipotent deity to be the mouthpiece for one's ideas is a very powerful idea. Who can resist of the religious power says 'God says kill her!'. In ancient times, however, this political advantage may bot have been the only reason for separating God and the world. Parmenides asked the question: how can we have certain knowledge of our moving world? Implicit in this question is the idea that motion is inconsistent with stillness, stability and certitude.

The imagines writing often seems so much better than the realized project. It takes work (ie moving things against potentials) to sculpt good text.

I am a servant of God insofar as it is God (my total environment) that I have to please if I am to survive.

Nearer my God to thee. Nearer, My God, to Thee - Wikipedia

The lay citizen has the luxury of believing in the truth. A lawyer has to be content with the demonstrable. Le Carre, Manager, page 649. le Carre

Wednesday 12 December 2012

Applebaum page 245: 'If reality was not conforming to ideology, then it must be forced to do so.' Reality-based community - Wikipedia, Applebaum

The big lie, stretching from horizon to horizon, is very hard to see and unseat.

[page 31]

The Communist Party militant sounds very much like the Church militant, surrounded by enemies created by its own unreality.

Went to sleep thinking of something to be written down in the morning, but now it is hiding in my mental rainforest. Here it is. One of the first scientific triumphs was t identify the invariant elements in human language (phonemes) and map them onto physical symbols, ie the invention of poetic writing. This was paralleled by the invention of ideographic writing which identified symbols with things and ideas themselves, rather than with elements of the spoken representation of things and ideas. Even deeper, we might say, was the development of ideas and speech to represent our experience of ourselves and our world. Parmenides came at the end of a very long period of development of human representation of reality in thought, language and writing.

It seems quite likely that the explicit development of Communist ideology depended heavily on the long social experience of Christian ideology, that is an explicit boy of knowledge about what we are, where we came from and where we are going. The Communists differed from the Christians in detail, but the purpose of the overall programmes is pretty much the same. Communism failed because its deviation from reality, both in content and methodology is too great whereas the ancient religions have a far older and more organic relationship with humanity and their denials of reality are subtler, much older and less directly contradictory of the experiences of day to day life. Specifically, the Church (in recent times) does much good and little harm whereas Communist regimes are notable for widespread harm and negligible good.

[page 32]

Applebaum page 292: 'In the long run, the [show] trials planted doubt about the reliability and even the sanity of the communist leadership., though these were not necessarily expressed at the time.

Alexander Zinoviev Homo Sovieticus Zinoviev

Aufbau der Republik Max Linger

The life of Homo Sovieticus was filled with improving activity rather like the day of a monk.

Applebaum page 466: Vaclav Havel 1978 'The Power of the Powerless' The Power of the Powerless - Wikipedia, Vaclav Havel

'independent life of society', 'civil society'.

Applebaum page 471: Hoover Institution Archives Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University

Thursday 13 December 2012
Friday 14 December 2012

Pigouvian carbon tax New Yorker 10 December 2012 page 29. Pigovian tax - Wikipedia

Tombstone Yang Jisheng Jisheng

Mao, The Real Story Pantsov & Levine Pantsov

When I am near you my heart melts.

Folding@home Folding@home

[page 33]

Why is the Universe quantized written before the days of fixed points (?). The quantum is a fundamental fixed point, like the velocity of light. Photon carries one quantum of spin and E = hf, ie e quanta per second of phase change, 1 quantum of phase = 2π, which we equate to one logical operation, given the equation logical operation = computation = {logical operation} = 1 collapse of wave function = execution of 1 eigenfunction = one step of logical continuity.

We are thinking that the Universe has a continuous underlay but perhaps it is digital right down to the initial singularity, the initial empty set, which looks empty because of the invisibility theorem.

Sometimes this stuff looks like a work of genius, sometimes it is just a castle in the air, a mote in the sunlight. Have to just keep going until I get it down [(up)].

Intelligent = creative = forming stationary points, ie forming forms.

What stationary points has general relativity got? Initial singularity, velocity of light.

Quantum = fixed point. Quantum of action = action between fixed points [a unit of indeterminate (unmeasurable) size, but nevertheless determinate].

Saturday 15 December 2012

Back to logical continuity. As the ancients already

[page 34]

knew. the heart of mathematics is proof. Historically, much of mathematics has been a dialogue between arithmetic and geometry. Newton used geometrical language to explain his system of the world, but we know that he also used the arithmetic techniques of calculus to get results from his geometric intuitions.

Pythagoras' theorem provides the ancient link between the numbers of arithmetic and the continua of geometry, and it has long been known that there are points in the geometric line that do not correspond to any natural or rational number.

Some ideas which I have not heard elsewhere.
1. Logical continuity
2. Eigenfunctions are computable
2. Quantization is a consequence of communication theory.
4. Measurements are mutual, represented by complex conjugates.
5. Velocity of light may have any value whatever.
6. Halted computation corresponds to a quantum of action.
7. Particle is a message, a fixed point 'outside' time.
8. 'Collapse of wavefunction' = insight.
9. Universe divine
10. Transfinite network.
11. Quantum Trinity / transfinity.
12. Initial singularity is basic hardware layer [and = classical god].
13. Velocity of light related to coding delay.
14. Spooky action at a distance suggests information free communication.
15. Local gauge invariance suggests a communication network.
16. Cyclic nature of computation related to complex function in q.m.
17. Stable structure of the Universe consequence of fixed point theorems
18. Creation is the emergence of new fixed points in pure act.

[page 35]

18. Cantor force drives complexification.
19. Invisibility (unresolvability) theorem.
20. Uncertainty arises from interruption by spacelike separated machines.
21. The past is halted computation.
22. Continuum carries no information

When things begin to go too well one tends tp become too excited to write, or at least to find progressing in an orderly manner difficult. The beauty of the notebook is that it is fragmented, a lot of little shotgun sequences like this that need either to fit into some more coherent narrative, or remain as (complex) symbols composed with the intent of documenting a mental state.

Mathematics is the formal theory of everything. What we learn from quantum mechanics is how to apply it.

As I get older I get (hopefully) deeper insight into the misunderstandings of reality that I absorbed from the human milieu of my childhood. The basic error, I think, is to conceive the world, the flesh and the devil (error) as somehow deficient and beneath our dignity, we who are destined for the perfect spiritual life of heaven.

[“Salvation for a race, nation or class must come from within. Freedom is never granted; it is won. Justice is never given; it is exacted.”] A Philip Randolph A. Philip Randolph - Wikipedia

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Abbott, Edwin A, and Rosemary Jann (editor), Flatland: A Romance in Many Dimensions, Oxford University Press 2006 Editorial Reviews Amazon.com 'Unless you're a mathematician, the chances of you reading any novels about geometry are probably slender. But if you read only two in your life, these are the ones. Taken together, they form a couple of accessible and charming explanations of geometry and physics for the curious non-mathematician. Flatland, which is also available under separate cover, was published in 1880 and imagines a two-dimensional world inhabited by sentient geometric shapes who think their planar world is all there is. But one Flatlander, a Square, discovers the existence of a third dimension and the limits of his world's assumptions about reality and comes to understand the confusing problem of higher dimensions. The book is also quite a funny satire on society and class distinctions of Victorian England. The further mathematical fantasy, Sphereland, published 60 years later, revisits the world of Flatland in time to explore the mind-bending theories created by Albert Einstein, whose work so completely altered the scientific understanding of space, time, and matter. Among Einstein's many challenges to common sense were the ideas of curved space, an expanding universe and the fact that light does not travel in a straight line. Without use of the mathematical formulae that bar most non-scientists from an understanding of Einstein's theories, Sphereland gives lay readers ways to start comprehending these confusing but fundamental questions of our reality.' 
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Applebaum, Anne, Iron Curtain: The Crusing of Eastern Europe 1944-1956, Doubleday 2012 'At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union to its surprise and delight found itself in control of a huge swath of territory in Eastern Europe. Stalin and his secret police set out to convert a dozen radically different countries to Communism, a completely new political and moral system. In Iron Curtain, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Anne Applebaum describes how the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe were created and what daily life was like once they were complete. She draws on newly opened East European archives, interviews, and personal accounts translated for the first time to portray in devastating detail the dilemmas faced by millions of individuals trying to adjust to a way of life that challenged their every belief and took away everything they had accumulated. Today the Soviet Bloc is a lost civilization, one whose cruelty, paranoia, bizarre morality, and strange aesthetics Applebaum captures in the electrifying pages of Iron Curtain.'  
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Aristotle, and (translated by P H Wickstead and F M Cornford), Physics books I-IV, Harvard University Press, William Heinemann 1980 Introduction: 'The title "Physics" is misleading. .. "Lectures on Nature" the alternative title found in editions of the Greek text, is more enlightening. ... The realm of Nature, for Aristotle, includes all things that move and change ... . Thus the ultimate "matter" which, according to Aristotle, underlies all the elementary substances must be studied, in its changes at least, by the Natural Philosopher. And so must the eternal heavenly spheres of the Aristotelean philosophy, insofar as they themselves move of are the cause of motion in the sublunary world.' 
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Brown, Dan, Angels and Demons, Corgi Books 2003 From Publishers Weekly 'Pitting scientific terrorists against the cardinals of Vatican City, this well-plotted if over-the-top thriller is crammed with Vatican intrigue and high-tech drama. Robert Langdon, a Harvard specialist on religious symbolism, is called in by a Swiss research lab when Dr. Vetra, the scientist who discovered antimatter, is found murdered with the cryptic word "Illuminati" branded on his chest. These Iluminati were a group of Renaissance scientists, including Galileo, who met secretly in Rome to discuss new ideas in safety from papal threat; what the long-defunct association has to do with Dr. Vetra's death is far from clear. Vetra's daughter, Vittoria, makes a frightening discovery: a lethal amount of antimatter, sealed in a vacuum flask that will explode in six hours unless its batteries are recharged, is missing. Almost immediately, the Swiss Guard discover that the flask is hidden beneath Vatican City, where the conclave to elect a new pope has just begun. Vittoria and Langdon rush to recover the canister, but they aren't allowed into the Vatican until it is discovered that the four principal papal candidates are missing. The terrorists who are holding the cardinals call in regarding their pending murders, offering clues tied to ancient Illuminati meeting sites and runes. Meanwhile, it becomes clear that a sinister Vatican entity with messianic delusions is in league with the terrorists. Packing the novel with sinister figures worthy of a Medici, Brown (Digital Fortress) sets an explosive pace as Langdon and Vittoria race through a Michelin-perfect Rome to try to save the cardinals and find the antimatter before it explodes. Though its premises strain credulity, Brown's tale is laced with twists and shocks that keep the reader wired right up to the last revelation.' Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc. 
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Feynman, Richard P, and Albert P Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals, McGraw Hill 1965 Preface: 'The fundamental physical and mathematical concepts which underlie the path integral approach were first developed by R P Feynman in the course of his graduate studies at Princeton, ... . These early inquiries were involved with the problem of the infinte self-energy of the electron. In working on that problem, a "least action" principle was discovered [which] could deal succesfully with the infinity arising in the application of classical electrodynamics.' As described in this book. Feynam, inspired by Dirac, went on the develop this insight into a fruitful source of solutions to many quantum mechanical problems.  
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Jisheng, Yang, Tombstone: The Great Chinese Famine, 1958-1962, Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2012 'An estimated thirty-six million Chinese men, women and children starved to death during China’s Great Leap Forward in the late 1950’s and early ‘60’s. One of the greatest tragedies of the twentieth century, the famine is poorly understood, and in China is still euphemistically referred to as the “three years of natural disaster.” As a journalist with privileged access to official and unofficial sources, Yang Jisheng spent twenty years piecing together the events that led to mass nationwide starvation, including the death of his own father. Finding no natural causes, Yang lays the deaths at the feet of China’s totalitarian Communist system and the refusal of officials at every level to value human life over ideology and self-interest.' 
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le Carre, John, The Night Manager, Ballantine Books 1984 Kirkus Reviews 'Le Carr‚ returns to the same subject as his disappointingly episodic The Secret Pilgrim--the fate of espionage in the new world order--but now looks forward instead of backward, showing a not-quite innocent mangled between that new order and the old one, whose course le Carr‚ has so peerlessly chronicled for 30 years. Jonathan Pine, night manager at a Cairo hotel, helps Arab playboy Freddie Hamid's mistress Madame Sophie photocopy papers linking him to arms mogul Richard Roper and, while he's at it, makes an extra copy to send to a friend in the Secret Service--only to find that the leak has gotten back to Freddie and that Jonathan's belated, guilty devotion to Sophie can't protect her from a fatal beating. Six months later, Jonathan, now working in Geneva, meets Roper in person and, vowing revenge, volunteers for Leonard Burr's fledgling government agency as the inside man who can supply actionable details of Roper's next arms- for-drugs deal. With the help of Whitehall mandarin Rex Goodhew, Burr sets up a plausibly shady dossier for Jonathan and stages the kidnapping of Roper's son so that Jonathan can foil the snatch and get invited aboard Roper's yacht. But even as Jonathan, still grieving for Sophie, finds himself attracted to Roper's bedmate Jed Marshall and overriding Burr's orders to stay out of Roper's papers, the boys in Whitehall--divided between independents like Goodhew, who want the old agencies broken up, and his cold-warrior nemesis Geoffrey Darker, who insists on maintaining centralized authority--are squabbling over control of the mission, with dire results for Jonathan, whose most dangerous enemies turn out to be his well-meaning masters back home. Despite the familiarity of the story's outlines, le Carr‚ shows his customary mastery in the details--from Jonathan's self-lacerating momentum to the intricacies of interagency turf wars--and reveals once again why nobody writes espionage fiction with his kind of authority.' 
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McGregor, Richard, The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers, Harper 2010 Amazon editorial review: From Publishers Weekly 'McGregor, a journalist at the Financial Times, begins his revelatory and scrupulously reported book with a provocative comparison between China™s Communist Party and the Vatican for their shared cultures of secrecy, pervasive influence, and impenetrability. The author pulls back the curtain on the Party to consider its influence over the industrial economy, military, and local governments. McGregor describes a system operating on a Leninist blueprint and deeply at odds with Western standards of management and transparency. Corruption and the tension between decentralization and national control are recurring themes--and are highlighted in the Party™s handling of the disturbing Sanlu case, in which thousands of babies were poisoned by contaminated milk powder. McGregor makes a clear and convincing case that the 1989 backlash against the Party, inexorable globalization, and technological innovations in communication have made it incumbent on the Party to evolve, and this smart, authoritative book provides valuable insight into how it has--and has not--met the challenge. ' Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 
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Misner, Charles W, and Kip S Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, Freeman 1973 Jacket: 'Einstein's description of gravitation as curvature of spacetime led directly to that greatest of all predictions of his theory, that the universe itself is dynamic. Physics still has far to go to come to terms with this amazing fact and what it means for man and his relation to the universe. John Archibald Wheeler. . . . this is a book on Einstein's theory of gravity. . . . ' 
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Orwell, George Orwell, and Erich Fromm (Afterord), Thomas Pynchon (Foreword), Nineteen Eighty Four, Plume 2003 'Novel by George Orwell, published in 1949 as a warning about the menaces of totalitarianism. The novel is set in an imaginary future world that is dominated by three perpetually warring totalitarian police states. The book's hero, Winston Smith, is a minor party functionary in one of these states. His longing for truth and decency leads him to secretly rebel against the government. Smith has a love affair with a like-minded woman, but they are both arrested by the Thought Police. The ensuing imprisonment, torture, and reeducation of Smith are intended not merely to break him physically or make him submit but to root out his independent mental existence and his spiritual dignity. Orwell's warning of the dangers of totalitarianism made a deep impression on his contemporaries and upon subsequent readers, and the book's title and many of its coinages, such as NEWSPEAK, became bywords for modern political abuses.' -- The Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of Literature 
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Pantsov, Alexander V, and Steven I Levine, Mao: The Real Story, Simon & Schuster; Reprint edition (October 2, 2012) Language: English ISBN-10: 1451654472 ISBN-13: 978-1451654479 2012 ' “ China scholars now will have to reassess every element of Mao’s career. . . . More important than Pantsov and Levine’s scholarly chops, however, is that they spin a balanced and utterly compelling story larded with telling and often newly uncovered anecdotes about Mao’s family, wives, comrades, rivals, and victims. The common sense of the authors’ judgments on Mao’s crimes and achievements builds on their insights into Mao’s complex personality (and, yes, sex life). One of the most important China books of recent years and a page-turner, too.” ' Library Journal 
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Peacock, John A, Cosmological Physics, Cambridge University Press 1999 Nature Book Review: 'The intermingling of observational detail and fundamental theory has made cosmology an exceptionally rich, exciting and controversial science. Students in the field — whether observers or particle theorists — are expected to be acquainted with matters ranging from the Supernova Ia distance scale, Big Bang nucleosynthesis theory, scale-free quantum fluctuations during inflation, the galaxy two-point correlation function, particle theory candidates for the dark matter, and the star formation history of the Universe. Several general science books, conference proceedings and specialized monographs have addressed these issues. Peacock's Cosmological Physics ambitiously fills the void for introducing students with a strong undergraduate background in physics to the entire world of current physical cosmology. The majestic sweep of his discussion of this vast terrain is awesome, and is bound to capture the imagination of most students.' Ray Carlberg, Nature 399:322 
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Veltman, Martinus, Diagrammatica: The Path to the Feynman Rules, Cambridge University Press 1994 Jacket: 'This book provides an easily accessible introduction to quantum field theory via Feynman rules and calculations in particle physics. The aim is to make clear what the physical foundations of present-day field theory are, to clarify the physical content of Feynman rules, and to outline their domain of applicability. ... The book includes valuable appendices that review some essential mathematics, including complex spaces, matrices, the CBH equation, traces and dimensional regularization. ...' 
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Zinoviev, Alexander, Homo Sovieticus, Atlantic Monthly 1986 From Publishers Weekly 'Like his creator, the narrator of this unclassifiable workhe himself constructs the lumbering term "novel-denunciation-report-tyrade"is a "Soviet emigre in the West" living in a pension in West Berlin with others of his ilk bearing such tags as the Cynic, the Joker, the Whiner, the Dissident. The slight fictive elements are not significant here; what matters is that an incisive intelligence delivers a blistering denunciation of the Soviet system. Dripping venom, the narrator ranges in systematic fashion through the actions of the communist regime from 1917 to the present, excoriating Soviet history. Seen through the cold eye of the observer, the System is duplicitous, corrupt, inefficient and boring, when it is not simply maddening. This furious, outraged, highly theatrical monologue documenting the emergence of the New Man, Homo sovieticus, will seem a definitive portrait to those familiar with the ways of the Kremlin.' Copyright 1986 Reed Business Information, Inc. 
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Links
A. Philip Randolph - Wikipedia A. Philip Randolph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'Asa Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 – May 16, 1979) was a leader in the African-American civil-rights movement, the American labor movement and socialist political parties. He organized and led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first predominantly Black labor union. In the early civil-rights movement, Randolph led the March on Washington Movement, which convinced President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802 in 1941, banning discrimination in the defense industries during World War II. After the war Randolph pressured President Harry S. Truman to issue Executive Order 9981 in 1948, ending segregation in the armed services.' back
Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University Library and Archives | Hoover Institution "This Institution supports the Constitution of the United States, its Bill of Rights and its method of representative government. Both our social and economic systems are based on private enterprise from which springs initiative and ingenuity.... Ours is a system where the Federal Government should undertake no governmental, social or economic action, except where local government, or the people, cannot undertake it for themselves.... The overall mission of this Institution is, from its records, to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man's endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life. This Institution is not, and must not be, a mere library. But with these purposes as its goal, the Institution itself must constantly and dynamically point the road to peace, to personal freedom, and to the safeguards of the American system." back
E8 (mathematics) - Wikipedia E8 (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In mathematics, E8 is the name given to a family of closely related structures. In particular, it is the name of some exceptional simple Lie algebras as well as that of the associated simple Lie groups. It is also the name given to the corresponding root system, root lattice, and Weyl/Coxeter group, and to some finite simple Chevalley groups. E8 was formulated between the years of 1888 and 1890 by Wilhelm Killing.' back
Folding@home Home Page 'Pande lab Stanford University The Pande lab is the founding scientific group of Folding@home. The lab is part of the Departments of Chemistry and of Structural Biology, Stanford University and Stanford University Medical Center, and works on theory and simulations of how proteins, RNA, and nanoscale synthetic polymers fold. We have founded the project, developed methods for using distributed computing to study long timescale dynamics, pushed its application to protein folding, and wrote the clients and server code for the Folding@home project. The members of the group involved with Folding@home are listed on our web page.' back
General covariance - Wikipedia General covariance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In theoretical physics, general covariance (also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance) is the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations. The essential idea is that coordinates do not exist a priori in nature, but are only artifices used in describing nature, and hence should play no role in the formulation of fundamental physical laws. A physical law expressed in a generally covariant fashion takes the same mathematical form in all coordinate systems, and is usually expressed in terms of tensor fields. The classical (non-quantum) theory of electrodynamics is one theory that has such a formulation.' back
Mahatma Gandhi Young India 1919-1931In thirteen Volumes, Volume 2 1919-1920 Publisher's Note: Young India, the weekly Ghandi wrote for, edited and publishes, holds a promin ent place among Gandhi's enormous writingd. It also enjoys great significance in the history of India's epic struggle for independence. Consequently there has been a constant demand from research workers and scholars for old issues of Young India. We too have long felt that we should satisfy this demand and that we could do so if we reprinted the old issues.' back
Nearer, My God, to Thee - Wikipedia Nearer, My God, to Thee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia '"Nearer, My God, to Thee" is a 19th century Christian hymn by Sarah Flower Adams, based loosely on Genesis 28:11–19,[1] the story of Jacob's dream. Genesis 28:11–12 can be translated as follows: "So he came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set. And he took one of the stones of that place and put it at his head, and he lay down in that place to sleep. Then he dreamed, and behold, a ladder was set up on the earth, and its top reached to heaven; and there the angels of God were ascending and descending on it..."' back
Pigovian tax - Wikipedia Pigovian tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'A Pigovian tax (also spelled Pigouvian tax) is a tax applied to a market activity that generates negative externalities. The tax is intended to correct the market outcome. In the presence of negative externalities, the social cost of a market activity is not covered by the private cost of the activity. In such a case, the market outcome is not efficient and may lead to over-consumption of the product. A Pigovian tax equal to the negative externality is thought to correct the market outcome back to efficiency.' back
Reality-based community - Wikipedia Reality-based community - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The source of the term is a quotation in an October 17, 2004, New York Times Magazine article by writer Ron Suskind, quoting an unnamed aide to George W. Bush: The aide said that guys like me were "in what we call the reality-based community," which he defined as people who "believe that solutions emerge from your judicious study of discernible reality." ... "That's not the way the world really works anymore," he continued. "We're an empire now, and when we act, we create our own reality. And while you're studying that reality—judiciously, as you will—we'll act again, creating other new realities, which you can study too, and that's how things will sort out. We're history's actors…and you, all of you, will be left to just study what we do.' back
The Power of the Powerless - Wikipedia The Power of the Powerless - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'The Power of the Powerless (Czech: Moc bezmocných) is an expansive political essay written in October 1978 by the Czech dramatist, political dissident and later politician, Václav Havel. The essay dissects the nature of the communist regime of the time, life within such a regime and how by their very nature such regimes can create dissidents of ordinary citizens. The essay goes on to discuss ideas and possible actions by loose communities of individuals linked by a common cause, such as Charter 77. Officially suppressed, the essay was circulated in samizdat form and translated into multiple languages. It became a manifesto for dissent in Czechoslovakia, Poland and other communist regimes.' back
Vaclav Havel The Power of the Powerless 'A SPECTRE is haunting Eastern Europe: the specter of what in the West is called "dissent" This secter has not appeared out of thin air. It is a natural and inevitable consequence of the present historical phase of the system it is haunting. It was born at a time when this system, for a thousand reasons, can no longer base itself on the unadulterated, brutal, and arbitrary application of power, eliminating all expressions of nonconformity. What is more, the system has become so ossified politically that there is practically no way for such nonconformity to be implemented within its official structures.' back

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