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Notes

Sunday 23 January 2022 - Saturday 29 January 2022

[Notebook: DB 87: Cognitive Cosmology]

[page 61]

Sunday 23 January 2022

Going through e30_cognitive_cosmology and it is feeling good. Have come again to section 6: A model - like most of my efforts it is a long shot slowly coming home. Some time ago I meditated on the idea that god is love: love is communication and bonding and a good classical basis for communication and bonding is a computer network like the internet. This was well established in my mind in 19789 when I broadcast A theory of peace on 2BOB radio, using the idea that peace requires space for everyone to lead their own lives and Cantor's theory of transfinite number shows that there is no limit to the size of the spiritual space available to each one of us. Now in the spirit of cognitive cosmology I see the need for a new version of the theory of peace written in the light of what I have seen since 1987. Jeffrey Nicholls (1987): A theory of Peace

The classical computer network idea is now built on the idea that the cardinal of the set of Turing machines is the same as the cardinal of the natural numbers so we can generate a transfinite set of strings of computers in the same way as we can generate strings of natural numbers by permuting the set of natural numbers and we can imagine a transfinite computer network as the superposition of all these strings of computers. We can move the idea from the classical to the quantum domain by developing the idea in Hilbert space, replacing the Turing machines with an equinumerous set of linear operators consistent with Nielsen and Chuang's book on quantum computers and quantum computation. In a vague way my dreams are coming true. Nielsen & Chuang (2016): Quantum Computation and Quantum Information

Lonergan Verbum page 37: 'the possibility of exact expression of a philosophic position arises only long after the philosophers death when his influence has moulded

[page 170]

the culture which is the background vehicle of such expression. . . The quod quid est is the key idea not only in all logic and methodology, but also in all metaphysics. Bernard Lonergan (1997): Verbum : Word and Idea in Aquinas

We might say that modern science gets over all this talk by linking words to actual observables, like ribosomes or electrons, and exploring how they work with a computable model [ie the quod quid est is a one to one textual mapping of the finest relevant detail of whatever we are talking about].

'intelligere' = map reality to mind, so I understand how the trailer hitch works and know how to safely hitch my trailer to my car [a well defined linear sequence of operations].

Lonergan and all the Christians pervert everything by separating god and the universe.

Lonergan page 46: '. . . the intelligibility of natural processes is imposed from without: natures act intelligibly, not because they are intelligent, for they are not, but because they are concretions of divine ideas and a divine plan.' True, of course, in a divine universe created by trial and error, selecting things that work because working is intelligible, like the processes in an internal combustion engine or a living body [the Roman Catholic Church denies agency to women because it believes that they do not work in the spiritual sphere, whereas they are really the backbone].

Lonergan's exegesis of Aristotle and Aquinas is good and leads to the same beatific vision that Aristotle saw in the unmoved mover, but it is wrong to make the universe a passive quod quid est rather than the active source of its own creation, the clue to which is found in the Trinity. I am reduced to saying the same thing over and over again, but this confirmation makes me feel good / god. Aquinas, Summa, I, 27, 1: Is there procession in God?

Cognitive cosmology is getting far too long. So cut section 6 model severely, remove section 7 and concentrate on initial singularity and build up from there rather than coming down from Cantor version of computer network. So after a boring day of impasse, I am about to embark on the third major revision of this essay, beginning not from the transfinite computer network, but from the initial singularity. So now it is time to cook, and also

[page 171]

forget about Lonergan and Verbum which is fundamentally flawed by the fact that he does not know that god and the universe are identical, although this is nevertheless implicit in the work of Aristotle and Aquinas (once he is freed from the agonizing fetters of the Church.

So:

6. gravitation an classical initial singularity and argument for quantum
7. Act, from Aristotle to Lagrange and quantum mechanics
8. Aquinas, god and trinity
9. Creating Hilbert space inside the singularity - boundaries of consistency
10. Gravitation as the compact convex shell /Lie group

Can I pull it off this time?

11. Hilbert to Minkowski — null geodesic
12. Quantum mechanics and observation
13. Potential, kinetic, Lagrangian, gravitation 14. Fixed points / particles — Lie group again
15. Network, fermion, boson, binding

Verbum page 91: 'Aristotle's comparison of agent intellect with light, which leads one to identify agent intellect with the immanent cause of what we call the flash of understanding, the light of reason.'

page 93: 'agent intellect caused the element of immaterialization, of intelligibility in act.' Knowledge thinks knowledge and immateriality are connected. Perhaps this is where Hilbert space [/ neural networks] comes in?

Monday 24 January 2022

The power of quantum mechanics resides in the fact that every unitary matrix can be diagonalized [ie turned into a set of real numbers, eigenvalues]. Is this true? can I prove it? How do we use it to explain the light of intelligence? How do we apply quantum theory to the neural network. Diagonalizable matrix - Wikipedia

[172]

The quantum of action is a universal constant, an extremal act in the Lagrangian sense, that was embedded in the emergent universe at the same time as the emergence of Minkowski space on the basis of Hilbert space accompanied by the emergence of kinetic and potential energy (whose universal sum is zero) and gravitation. We might say that Minkowski space was born curved by the limited complexity of the initial singularity and that the quantum of action eventually received the dimension of angular momentum for a similar reason.

Tuesday 25 January 2022
Wednesday 26 January 2022

Next step: 1. Creation of Hilbert space by action and no-cloning, producing an orthogonal dimensions of time [and energy]. 2. Quantum mechanics in this space, vectors (data) and operators (transformers). 3. The measurement and the creation of Minkowski space by the use of the null geodesic to maintain contact interaction, bearing in mind that we are talking about network processing and Aristotelian logical continuity by overlap. 4. Then from action to potential and kinetic energy, gravitation and particles by fixed point theory.

Here is a good thing. Logical definition of action as a nots opens a path to the renormalization of gravitation by making us realize that gravitation is a quantum [logical, energy free (?)] phenomenon. All we need to know is how it works.

So how is gravitation quantum? We see it as the internal structure of a Lie group which fulfills the requirements of fixed point theory. So it is the Lagrangian that generated the quantum of action as a fixed point in a continuous Lie group, ie is its logical closure the generator of quantum theory, ie is gravitation the cause of quantization by its closure by curvature?

[page 173]

We have to run Lagrangian dynamics backwards to get kinetic and potential energy out of action. I am trying to develop a suite of radical logically connected claims to be summarized as principles at the end of the essay rather than the beginning. Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia

The boundary of the universe is logical closure, the limits of internal consistency like mathematics.

Can a quantum of action break out of it? No, it must be closed and therefore curved. We see the inside of a quantum (a particle) as a continuous group, compact and convex and so with dynamically fixed points (which does not constrain dynamics, fixed points are just points in the dynamics that do not move like the quantum of action and the velocity of light; the constraint comes from the compactness and convexity of the dynamic set). Fixed point theorem - Wikipedia

We start with the creation of Hilbert space which is abstract (ie formal) and then go to Minkowski via the null geodesic to give us physically observable space. We depend on Feynman's idea of physical intuition to stabilize this enough to hang it onto some mathematics:

A physical understanding is completely unmathematical, imprecise, an inexact thing but absolutely necessary to a physicist. Richard Feynman: Lectures on Physics II Chapter 2: Differential Calculus of Vector Fields

Thursday 27 January 2022

Hawking sees all the entropy of the systems consumed by a black hole appearing on the surface of its event horizon, so we are getting a quantum mechanical picture of the singularity in the interior projected on the surface. How does this relate to the initial singularity, which has no outside surface? Jacob D. Bekenstein: Bekenstein-Hawking entropy

Friday 28 January 2022

What does it mean to understand something? The old timers thought it was to shine a light on it. A more complex view is 'abstraction' to discern the elements of a process and their order of occurrence

[page 174]

(eg Aquinas quoted in Lonergan Verbum page 183): To understand a process (ie a sentence, an equation, this sentence) is to find a way that is parts (symbols, pistons, crankshaft) each have a range of meanings which can be selected to overlap and make sense to explain the process, as we understand [particular interpretations of the terms] pistons, crankshafts, valves and timing to make a [reciprocating] engine work. The key to understanding is to select the relevant roles of each part of a system and see how they work together. The key to a dynamic universe is how things work. How do we apply this to the quantum of action? It is an undifferentiated element of all work, the most abstract and universal input into [the creation of energy] the ability to do work.

Saturday 29 January 2022

The Christian idea that god is not the universe leads to enormous contortions in explaining things like human knowledge where authors like Lonergan find themselves tying themselves in knots to explain how our animal senses interface with out supposedly spiritual soul through a complex system of phantasms, agent intellect, passive intellect, mental words and so on. [Descartes also faced this problem.] Rather reminiscent of the knots physics has tied itself into by trying to interface Minkowski space with Hilbert space on the assumption that that Minkowski space is the domain of Hilbert space and the further assumptions of point particles and continuous mathematics. If instead we give Hilbert space an independent quantized existence and let Minkowski space be a product of quantum mechanics most of our problems evaporate. Like the contortions of Lonergan and the Catholic Church, they are self inflicted [echoes of the past implemented] by the political prerogatives of people in power. Power corrupts. Mind-Body problem - Wikipedia, George F. Kennan (1947): The Sources of Soviet Conduct

Quantum mechanics and motion: hylomorphism. We have two versions (pictures) of quantum mechanics, named for Heisenberg and Schrödinger. In both cases quantum behaviour is described as an interaction of state vectors describing physical states and operators describing transformation of these states. Heisenberg picture - Wikipedia, Schroedinger picture - Wikipedia"

[page 175]

Heisenberg attributes time dependency to the operators and sees the state vectors as time independent fixed bases underlying the theory. The Schrödinger representation makes the state vectors functions of time and holds the operators fixed.

The core idea in the cognitive cosmology is that quantum observation, which is a feature of the interface between Hilbert and Minkowski space, is analogous to the human phenomenon of insight which amounts to decoding a body of data to understand how it fits together. We may imagine it as exactly analogous to understanding the meaning of a sentence, which may be a simple construction in one's native language immediately understood or a statement in a partially unknown language which requires work with a dictionary and a grammar, or a coded message which requires plain text, group theory and complex computations to decode, as we often find with data from high energy physics experiments. This decoding is done in the human mind, individual or collective, in a scientific community or (we imagine) in the Hilbert space which underlies the universal process that reveals particles and events in Minkowski space.

Aristotle explained sensation as the assimilation of a material sense to a sensible form, as wax conforms to a stamp. He proposed that the intellect is immaterial in order to take on all forms without being constrained by matter. Immaterial is incorruptible because it has no parts to fall apart. We might say that the quantum of action is eternal, like god, because it has no parts. Christopher Shields: The Active Mind of De Anima III 5

The vacuum created by orthogonal actions resulting from the propensity to act constrained by the no-cloning theorem provides us with a countable set of discrete processes which may be placed into correspondence with Turing machines so providing us with a quantum foundation for the transfinite network model which we use to explain intelligence in the human brain and the Minkowski space of quantum theory. No-cloning theorem - Wikipedia

[page 176]

We imagine that insight and quantum observation via the meeting in a tensor product of Hilbert spaces of elements suitable to form a circle group like Eccles understanding of ideas in the neural network of the mind. John C. Eccles (1958): Innovation in Science: The Physiology of Imagination

All these long shots appear to be coming together and producing a compact circuit which is an explanation of why compact circuits are not only explanations but also the reality of realities. As long as I am breathing and my heart is beating I am still alive [and according to Eccles, as long as there is a recurrent circuit in my brain I have an idea or memory]. We explain everything with a transfinite network, built of tensor products of discrete sets of Turing machines, each represented by an orthogonal quantum of action, maybe corresponding to [one or other of] of the set of 60 or so fundamental particles. Elementary particles - Wikipedia

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Further reading

Books

Lonergan (1997), Bernard J F, and Robert M. Doran, Frederick E. Crowe (eds), Verbum : Word and Idea in Aquinas (Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan volume 2), University of Toronto Press 1997 Jacket: 'Verbum is a product of Lonergan's eleven years of study of the thought of Thomas Aquinas. The work is considered by many to be a breakthrough in the history of Lonergan's theology . . .. Here he interprets aspects in the writing of Aquinas relevant to trinitarian theory and, as in most of Lonergan's work, one of the principal aims is to assist the reader in the search to understand the workings of the human mind.' 
Amazon
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Nielsen (2016), Michael A, and Isaac L Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press 2016 Review: A rigorous, comprehensive text on quantum information is timely. The study of quantum information and computation represents a particularly direct route to understanding quantum mechanics. Unlike the traditional route to quantum mechanics via Schroedinger's equation and the hydrogen atom, the study of quantum information requires no calculus, merely a knowledge of complex numbers and matrix multiplication. In addition, quantum information processing gives direct access to the traditionally advanced topics of measurement of quantum systems and decoherence.' Seth Lloyd, Department of Quantum Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Nature 6876: vol 416 page 19, 7 March 2002. 
Amazon
  back

Links

Aquinas, Summa, I, 27, 1, Is there procession in God?, 'As God is above all things, we should understand what is said of God, not according to the mode of the lowest creatures, namely bodies, but from the similitude of the highest creatures, the intellectual substances; while even the similitudes derived from these fall short in the representation of divine objects. Procession, therefore, is not to be understood from what it is in bodies, either according to local movement or by way of a cause proceeding forth to its exterior effect, as, for instance, like heat from the agent to the thing made hot. Rather it is to be understood by way of an intelligible emanation, for example, of the intelligible word which proceeds from the speaker, yet remains in him. In that sense the Catholic Faith understands procession as existing in God.' back

Christopher Shields (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), The Active Mind of De Anima III 5 , ' After characterizing the mind (nous) and its activities in De Animaiii 4, Aristotle takes a surprising turn. In De Anima iii 5, he introduces an obscure and hotly disputed subject: the active mind or active intellect (nous poiêtikos). Controversy surrounds almost every aspect of De Anima iii 5, not least because in it Aristotle characterizes the active mind—a topic mentioned nowhere else in his entire corpus—as ‘separate and unaffected and unmixed, being in its essence actuality’ (chôristos kai apathês kai amigês, tê ousia energeia; DA iii 5, 430a17–18) and then also as ‘deathless and everlasting’ (athanaton kai aidion; DA iii 5, 430a23). This comes as no small surprise to readers of De Anima, because Aristotle had earlier in the same work treated the mind (nous) as but one faculty (dunamis) of the soul (psuchê), and he had contended that the soul as a whole is not separable from the body (DA ii 1, 413a3–5). back

Diagonalizable matrix - Wikipedia, Diagonalizable matrix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' A square matrix that is not diagonalizable is called defective. It can happen that a matrix A with real entries is defective over the real numbers, meaning that A = P D P − 1 is impossible for any invertible P and diagonal D with real entries, but it is possible with complex entries, so that A is diagonalizable over the complex numbers. For example, this is the case for a generic rotation matrix. Many results for diagonalizable matrices hold only over an algebraically closed field (such as the complex numbers). In this case, diagonalizable matrices are dense in the space of all matrices, which means any defective matrix can be deformed into a diagonalizable matrix by a small perturbation; and the Jordan normal form theorem states that any matrix is uniquely the sum of a diagonalizable matrix and a nilpotent matrix. Over an algebraically closed field, diagonalizable matrices are equivalent to semi-simple matrices. ' back

Elementary particles - Wikipedia, Elementary particles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown; thus, it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles.' back

Feynman, Leighton and Sands FLP II_02, Chapter 2: Differential Calculus of Vector Fields, ' Ideas such as the field lines, capacitance, resistance, and inductance are, for such purposes, very useful. So we will spend much of our time analyzing them. In this way we will get a feel as to what should happen in different electromagnetic situations. On the other hand, none of the heuristic models, such as field lines, is really adequate and accurate for all situations. There is only one precise way of presenting the laws, and that is by means of differential equations. They have the advantage of being fundamental and, so far as we know, precise. If you have learned the differential equations you can always go back to them. There is nothing to unlearn.' back

Fixed point theorem - Wikipedia, Fixed point theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In mathematics, a fixed point theorem is a result saying that a function F will have at least one fixed point (a point x for which F(x) = x), under some conditions on F that can be stated in general terms. Results of this kind are amongst the most generally useful in mathematics. The Banach fixed point theorem gives a general criterion guaranteeing that, if it is satisfied, the procedure of iterating a function yields a fixed point. By contrast, the Brouwer fixed point theorem is a non-constructive result: it says that any continuous function from the closed unit ball in n-dimensional Euclidean space to itself must have a fixed point, but it doesn't describe how to find the fixed point (See also Sperner's lemma).' back

George F. Kennan (1947), The Sources of Soviet Conduct, ' But there is ample evidence that the stress laid in Moscow on the menace confronting Soviet society from the world outside its borders is founded not in the realities of foreign antagonism but in the necessity of explaining away the maintenance of dictatorial authority at home. Now the maintenance of this pattern of Soviet power, namely, the pursuit of unlimited authority domestically, accompanied by the cultivation of the semi-myth of implacable foreign hostility, has gone far to shape the actual machinery of Soviet power as we know it today. . . . But least of all can the rulers dispense with the fiction by which the maintenance of dictatorial power has been defended. For this fiction has been canonized in Soviet philosophy by the excesses already committed in its name; and it is now anchored in the Soviet structure of thought by bonds far greater than those of mere ideology.' back

Heisenberg picture - Wikipedia, Heisenberg picture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In physics, the Heisenberg picture (also called the Heisenberg representation) is a formulation (largely due to Werner Heisenberg in 1925) of quantum mechanics in which the operators (observables and others) incorporate a dependency on time, but the state vectors are time-independent, an arbitrary fixed basis rigidly underlying the theory.' back

Jacob D. Bekenstein, Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, ' The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy or black hole entropy is the amount of entropy that must be assigned to a black hole in order for it to comply with the laws of thermodynamics as they are interpreted by observers external to that black hole. This is particularly true for the first and second laws. Black hole entropy is a concept with geometric root but with many physical consequences. It ties together notions from gravitation, thermodynamics and quantum theory, and is thus regarded as a window into the as yet mostly hidden world of quantum gravity.' back

Jeffrey Nicholls (1987), A theory of Peace, ' The argument: I began to think about peace in a very practical way during the Viet Nam war. I was the right age to be called up. I was exempted because I was a clergyman, but despite the terrors that war held for me, I think I would have gone. It was my first whiff of the force of patriotism. To my amazement, it was strong enough to make even me face death.
In the Church, I became embroiled in a deeper war. Not a war between goodies and baddies, but the war between good and evil that lies at the heart of all human consciousness. Existence is a struggle. We need all the help we can get. Religion is part of that help.' back

Jeremy Gordon, How Meat Loaf Made a Cult Favorite: ‘Paradise by the Dashboard Light’, back

John C. Eccles (1958), Innovation in Science: The Physiology of Imagination, ' Our task here is to see how far our present ideas on the working of the brain can be related to the experiences of mind. The way to the imagination, the highest level of mental experience, lies through the lower levels of sensory experience, imagery, hallucination and memory, and that is the path we shall traverse. All that we shall learn must itself, of course, be the product of perceiving, reasoning and imagining by our brains! back

Jun Mai, Remember the Soviet Union, top Chinese policy adviser says in warning against blind pursuit of absolute security , ' The pursuit of “absolute national security” can extract a heavy price, a Chinese foreign policy adviser has warned, citing the collapse of the Soviet Union as proof of the pitfalls of putting military expansion over long-term security. The unfettered pursuit of security “will see the costs go up drastically and the benefits go drastically down, until the costs outweigh the benefits”, according to Jia Qingguo, a former dean of Peking University’s international relations school.' back

Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia, Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788, Lagrangian mechanics is a formulation of classical mechanics and is founded on the stationary action principle. Given a system of point masses and a pair, t1 and t2 Lagrangian mechanics postulates that the system's trajectory (describing evolution of the system over time) . . . must be a stationary point of the action functional S = L dt. By convention, L = T − V, where T and V are the kinetic and potential energy of the system, respectively.' back

Meat Loaf, Paradise By The Dashboard light, 'I remember every little thing As if it happened only yesterday Parking by the lake And there was not another car in sight And I never had a girl Looking any better than you did And all the kids at school They were wishing they were me that night And now our bodies are oh, so close and tight It never felt so good, it never felt so right And we're glowing like the metal on the edge of a knife Glowing like the metal on the edge of a knife C'mon, hold on tight C'mon, hold on tight Thought it's cold and lonely in the deep dark night I can see paradise by the dashboard light Ain't no doubt about it We were doubly blessed 'Cause we were barely seventeen And we were barely dressed Ain't no doubt about it Baby, got to go and shout it Ain't no doubt about it We were doubly blessed 'Cause we were barely seventeen And we were barely dressed Baby, don'tcha hear my heart You got it drowning out the radio I've been waiting so long For you to come along and have some fun And I gotta let you know No, you're never gonna regret it So open up your eyes I got a big surprise, it'll feel all right Well, I wanna make your motor run And now our bodies are oh, so close and tight It never felt so good, it never felt so right And we're glowing like the metal on the edge of a knife Glowing like the metal on the edge of a knife C'mon, hold on tight C'mon, hold on tight Though it's cold and lonely in the deep dark night I can see paradise by the dashboard light Paradise by the dashboard light, you got to do what you can And let Mother Nature do the rest Ain't no doubt about it We were doubly blessed 'Cause we were barely seventeen And we were barely We're gonna go all the way tonight We're gonna go all the way and tonight's the night We're gonna go all the way tonight We're gonna go all the way and tonight's the night {Okay, here we go, we got a real pressure cooker going here Two down, nobody on, no score, bottom of the ninth There's the windup, and there it is, a line shot up the middle Look at him go, tis boy can really fly, he's rounding first and really} {Turning it on now, he's not letting up at all, he's gonna try for second The ball is bobbled out in center, and here comes the throw And what a throw, he's gonna slide in head first, here he comes He's out, no, wait, safe-safe at second base, this kid really makes} {Things happen out there, batter steps up to the plate Here's the pitch-he's going, and what a jump he's got He's trying for third, here's the throw, it's in the dirt-safe at third Holy cow, stolen base, he's taking a pretty big lead out there} {Almost daring him to try and pick him off, the pitcher glances over Winds up, and it's bunted, bunted down the third base line The suicide squeeze is on, here he comes, squeeze play It's gonna be close, holy cow, I think he's gonna make it} Stop right there, I gotta know right now Before we go any further, do you love me? Will you love me forever? Do you need me? Will you never leave me? Will you make me so happy For the rest of my life? Will you take me away And will you make me your wife? Do you love me? Will you love me forever? Do you need me? Will you never leave me? Will you make me happy For the rest of my life? Will you take me away And will you make me your wife? I gotta know right now Before we go any further Do you love me? Will you love me forever? Let me sleep on it Baby, baby let me sleep on it Let me sleep on it And I'll give you an answer in the morning Let me sleep on it Baby, baby let me sleep on it Let me sleep on it And I'll give you an answer in the morning Let me sleep on it Baby, baby let me sleep on it Let me sleep on it And I'll give you an answer in the morning I gotta know right now, do you love me? Will you love me forever? Do you need me? Will you never leave me? Will you make me so happy For the rest of my life? Will you take me away And will you make me your wife? I gotta know right now Before we go any further Do you love me? And will you love me forever? Let me sleep on it Baby, baby let me sleep on it Let me sleep on it And I'll give you an answer in the morning Let me sleep on it Will you love me forever? Let me sleep on it Will you love me forever? I couldn't take it any longer Lord, I was crazed And when the feeling came upon me Like a tidal wave I started swearing to my god and on my mother's grave That I would love you to the end of time I swore that I would love you to the end of time So now I'm praying for the end of time To hurry up and arrive 'Cause if I gotta spend another minute with you I don't think that I can really survive I'll never break my promise or forget my vow But God only knows what I can do right now I'm praying for the end of time It's all that I can do, praying for the end of time So I can end my time with you!! It was long ago and it was far away And it was so much better that it is today It never felt so good, it never felt so right And we were glowing like, a metal on the edge of a knife back

Mind-Body problem - Wikipedia, Mind-Body problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' The mind–body problem is a debate concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind, and the brain as part of the physical body.. . . This question arises when mind and body are considered as distinct, based on the premise that the mind and the body are fundamentally different in nature. The problem was addressed by René Descartes in the 17th century, resulting in Cartesian dualism, and by pre-Aristotelian philosophers, in Avicennian philosophy, and in earlier Asian traditions.' back

No-cloning theorem - Wikipedia, No-cloning theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' In physics, the no-cloning theorem states that it is impossible to create an independent and identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state, a statement which has profound implications in the field of quantum computing among others. The theorem is an evolution of the 1970 no-go theorem authored by James Park, in which he demonstrates that a non-disturbing measurement scheme which is both simple and perfect cannot exist . . .. The aforementioned theorems do not preclude the state of one system becoming entangled with the state of another as cloning specifically refers to the creation of a separable state with identical factors.' back

Parallel Mothers - Wikipedia, Parallel Mothers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Photographer Janis Martinez does a photo shoot with renowned forensic archaeologist Arturo. She asks him if his foundation will help excavate a mass grave in her home village, where her great-grandfather and other men from the village were killed and buried during the Spanish Civil War.' back

Schroedinger picture - Wikipedia, Schroedinger picture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In physics, the Schrödinger picture (also called the Schrödinger representation) is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which the state vectors evolve in time, but the operators (observables and others) are constant with respect to time.' back

Thomas L. Friedman, Did We Miss Biden’s Most Important Remark About Russia?, ' Pretty much every crucial line in President Biden’s recent marathon news conference has been dissected by now — except one, the one that may turn out to be the most prescient. You had to be listening closely because it went by fast. It was when Biden told President Vladimir Putin that Russia has something much more important to worry about than whether Ukraine looks East or West — namely, “a burning tundra that will not freeze again naturally".' back

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