Natural Theology

We have just published a new website that develops the ideas of this site. Available at Cognitive Cosmology.com.

Contact us: Click to email

Notes DB 90: Psychogenesis_2024

Sunday 18 February 2024 - Saturday 24 February 2024

[page 198]

Sunday 18 February 2024

Hopefully I can make my critique of quantum field theory more substantial with discussion of the Millennium Prize for quantum field theory. But what is my point? Carlson, Jaffe & Wiles (2006): The Millennium Prize Problems

The top down argument uses the principle of symmetry with respect to complexity, arguing that we are all naturally free and not bound by a physically causal field so the same must hold for all particles. Nevertheless we are all guided by our environment in the longer term and government

[page 199]

with the power of life and death can control [the] selective environment, killing dissidents as a lesson to the others, but this is pathological, even if real, as we see with Putin's murder of Navalny. At the other end of the spectrum we can use the Platonic angel principle, establishing the formal independence of different particles produced by variation in Hilbert space and quantum mechanical selection. In effect I am promoting an entirely different cognitional paradigm and trying to map it onto the data at all scales from elementary particles on up, basing it all on the selective power of the eigenvalue equation. Jonathan Steele: Alexei Navalny obituary

We need a direct on the spot refutation of field theory whose natural beginning is the cosmological constant problem. One foundation of development is the order of evolution which requires a stable reproducing base with variation and selection as the foundation for each new species [and this new principle holds at all times and scales, establishing a local direction in evolution]*. The initial singularity is the first to play this role and it passes its powers on to its children.

Why do we need perturbation theory? Why not just do things one quantum at a time, logically and completely at each move which is the solution to an eigenvalue equation which causes (eg) the emission of a spectral like [ok at the elementary level, but evolution is in effect perturbative, as is the polishing and figuring of telescope mirrors and other prevision products]. My story feels pretty good so far and now I must apply it to slaying the old dragons that have become embedded in physics and theology with a new species, [cognitive process, a recursive process, based on quantum mechanics, which creates the world by making larger and larger coupled Hilbert spaces]. Alfred North Whitehead (1979): Process and Reality (Gifford Lectures Delivered in the University of Edinburgh 1927-28)

[page 200]

Two new principles:

1: Order of evolution, * above. [now principle 4, name="foundation"

2: The application of P vs NP to quantum evolution: the process of reproducing a new species developed by a random NP process linked to a 'quantum P ', ie there exists a hermitian operator capable of deterministically solving the eigenvalue problem set by the NP and of reproducing itself by a quantum algorithm / operator, in other words it must have the power of the initial singularity to reproduce the new species discovered by NP [this process also operates in the classical regime, as described by Darwin] [not principle 5, name="PversusNP"

Now to Joffe and Witten Carlson page 143: "6: Mathematical perspectives; 6.1 Methods: 'Since the inception of quantum field theory, two central methods have emerged to show the existence of quantum fields [processes. algorithms] on non-compact configuration space (such as Minkowski space). These known methods are:

(i) Find an exact solution in closed form

[page 201]

(ii) Solve a sequence of approximate problems, and establish a convergence of these solutions to desired limit.

the Universe has already done this and continues to do it, since the evolutionary process is scale invariant and can all be encapsulated in the von Neumann axioms. In the previous pages of this site we have already established the hopelessness of quantum field theory, now we present the alternative within the general parameters of the Millennium Prize problem. Write this into cc25_chromodynamics and then go back and tweak all the other pages to fit, including a note in the introduction to the effect that this site is the ground preparation for the construction of a solution required for the Millennium Prize.

Slowly a plan for me and the Universe merged from the mist and it is back to my poor half drowned and mouldy copy of Streater and Wightman. Streater & Wightman (2000): PCT, Spin, Statistics and All That

Due to the civil war the US has abandoned the role of world policeman which is a good thing because is is rife with Christian hypocrisy, and Europe must take over its own defence, holding Russia at bay until a regime change into real democracy equips it to join the human world.

[page 202]

Field theory is a lame duck. Why? It has no room for cognition, divinity, initial singularity and evolution.

Monday 19 February 2024

Why particles? Because the particles are what we observe. Why fields? they are an attempt to explain how the particles behave as they do. Do they work? Not really [we have all we need in particles, messengers (bosons) and sources (fermions)].

Following in the track of Aristotle from physics to theology. He used potency and act and the axiom that no potency can actualize itself, derived from Plato's form and matter, hylomorphism. What do we have to work with now? Quantum field theory, built on Hilbert space (form ?) and Minkowski space (matter ?) driven by energy (gravitation ≡ the creator). What we want, they say, is axiomatic physics, Hilbert's sixth prize [but we can ditch field, since an unmodulated continuum (vacuum) carries no information

Streater and Wightman page 1: ' . . . . the quantum theory of fields never reached a state where one could say with confidence that it was free from internal contradictions—nor the converse.. . . The present book is devoted to an exposition of some of these general insights [into QFT], the physical ideas they embody and the mathematics necessary for their proofs.

[page 203]

S & W page 2: ' The task of the first chapter is to provide a language in which the physical transformation properties have a simple description. For example, the concpets of bare mass and bare vacuum need not be and are not introduced [and from our point of view relativity only enters the picture after the Universe has created particles and spacetime].

Field theorists speak as though the fields are outside their particles guiding them. But comparing particles and fields to a free society, each of us is controlled not by an outside field (which would involve violence) but by norms of behaviour which we have learnt and internalized since childhood and we may expect a similar situation with fundamental particles, each containing internal algorithms [operators] which determine its response to external signals. One of the most important parts of Wightman's zeroth axiom is von Neumann Hilbert spaces, which we understand to be the internal genetic (kinematic) component of particles made dynamic by an injection of energy made available by deepening gravitational potential. (see page 17: Gravitation and quantum theory—in the beginning)

The foundation of the world is music and Hilbert space and the role of quantum mechanics is to extract a spectrum ([tuning] a scale of notes) from the random Hilbert spaces created by Turing computable functions mapping fixed points into the naked gravitational initial singularity. Music is the field that locks onto the fans.

[page 204]

The best critique of quantum field theory is the replacement, starting with music and Hilbert space. We start with the zeroth axiom and Hilbert space and first reject the vacuum via the cosmological constant problem and the measuring tape analogy.

cc24_theology_physics The first 23 pages of the site have provided us with the ingredients for a theory of everything. Now we put them together, throwing away the useless pieces of QFT.

Tuesday 20 February 2024

Finally settled on a title for cc24_theology_physics, removing the reference to quantum field theory which I now think is irredeemable. After spending a lot of time trying to save it through thinking about Wightman and Carlson. At last I have come to find my own track, by updating the traditional Christian theory of everything with physical data, beginning with the Galileo affair. Now I can have plain sailing going through cognitive cosmology page by page rejecting quantum field theory when it seems absurd and emphasizing my replacement. All this is inspired by the Millennium prize which becomes the stated motivation for the book: "Million Dollar Theology"!

[page 205]

The idea is somewhat inspired by Taylor Swift's Eras. The Eras Tour - Wikipedia

How to prove that all quantum interactions are one-on-one - is it an entropy thing [this moves the probabilities of interactions from the Feynman perturbation diagram approach to the probabilities of the meeting of eigenvectors out of the spectra of two interacting particles - the as yet vague "conversation picture" of "measurement"].

Wednesday 21 February 2024

When I entered the Dominican Order at the age of 18 I thought that I was casting aside the world, the flesh and the devil and entering a better and higher form of life characterized by poverty, chastity and obedience. This of course turned out to be a delusion embedded in head by a lifetime of Catholic indoctrination. My sketchy scientific education saved me and I soon saw that if theology were to become a science, we must assume that the world is divine and get the evidence for scientific theology by observing the world. Now nearly sixty years later, I am with Thales in a world full of gods and I feel my god every time I experience the force of gravitation. As I approach 80 this feeling grows stronger as my body grows creakier. Thales of Miletus - Wikipedia

The basic cognitive cosmology scenario for the representation of the initial singularity makes no mention of space-time or special relativity and it is not until we come to cc17_gravitation that we see the creation of dynamic particles and spacetime out of kinematic quantum mechanical stationary points and we attribute

[page 206]

this process to the bifurcation of naked gravitation into potential and kinetic energy, creating particles analogous to the initial singularity with dynamic bodies associated with [kinematic] Hilbert minds and the parallel creation of Minkowski space [??]. How does this work? The explanation should perhaps be contained in cc12_hilbert_minkowski and is closely related to cc14_measurement.

Problems on uploaded site cc19, cc24.

What we need to understand is how dynamic particles create Minkowski space from Hilbert space. A serious clue resides in the velocity of light as the creator of null geodesics. What we are saying in effect is that naked gravitation does not have or imply spacetime which we take to be a consequence in some way of quantum mechanics, maybe through the Dirac equation. What I hope to do is think like evolution and cook up what quantum mechanics has to do to add the feature of Minkowski space to its foundation in naked gravitation by breaking gravitation into potential and kinetic energy to make particles and the Minkowski space they live in. Special relativity is closely connected to electrodynamics and gauge symmetry as Weyl believed and somehow it would be nice to justify Weyl's belief. We have to think more about the computational power of

[page 207]

of quantum mechanics. Question: how does quantum mechanics make electrodynamics 1040 times stronger than gravitatinal dynamics? We feel that such a big gap needs to be exponential and computational and cannot be linear. How do we get such large factors from cognitive theory.

Maybe this is simply because quantum mechanics is algorithmic and gravitation is not, but on the other hand we get all the mass of an electron out of the gravitational potential at the moment of creation of the electron?

Does spacetime have mass? Is it the principle of individuation (and in the case of photon, 'non' individuation, or the transfer of quantum states (but not information?) Is space a quantum mechanical development of fermions. Do fermions cause space or does space cause fermions?

One is desperate to get this story right because the implications are so profound but an angle of attack is not clear, but hoping for some vision. At present quantum computers cannot multiply 3 x 5, let alone explain a factor of 1040. Xavier Waintal (2023_12_29): The Quantum House Of Cards

[page 208]

On the other hand the rate of spontaneous fission of various nuclei can be a very small number arising from a negative exponent. Mass ≡ frequency. Frequency of space is 0 so mass is 0.

Legislation is just empty words until it is activated with money to pay salaries and get people moving. The same goes for Hilbert space and the motivation comes from deepening the gravitational potential well [to pay for the new particles which constitute dynamic spacetime].

Did the Wright brothers know Bernoulli's principle? Ed Regis (2020): No One Can Explain Why Planes Stay in the Air

Replicators and genetics. The initial singularity is a replicator and so are all its children. Eörs Szathmáry (2006); The origin of replicators and reproducers

Sentences are my treasures like lines to a poet or riffs to a musician.

Artificial intelligence and the eigenvalue equation. Quantum intelligence and the eigenvalue equation. Hermitian operators and clear and distinct ideas: quantization. Open AI (2024_02_15): Video generation models as world simulators

The first thing the Universe has to do after it has made a Hilbert space is to set up an operator and find the vectors to solve the eigenvalue probem for it.

The basic idea of a group is that it cannot cease to exist because the annihilation of any element automatically creates another element [the group property]. Group (mathematics) - Wikipedia

[page 209]

I can only say that apppears to me to be true since I have to admit that I am no Einstein or Weyl [who were both subject to the same constraint]. I have a dream, however.

Evolution is attracted by new degrees of freedom because they increase the space of survival, like flight or living under water and then on land. Entropy attracts because high entropy characterizes survivors [and they can take advantage of the entropy of their environment by exploiting its properties like opportunities for concealment].

I want to learn more about space from the Minkowski metric, which tells me how it works but not why, which revolves around massless bosons and massive fermions. We need a special move to get rid of the antiparticles. They have to be eliminated very early if we are to get anywhere so we expect electroweak comes right after photons which are their own antiparticles and so not a problem [and the electroweak W and Zs are simply some sort of optioned up photons that eat antiparticles??].

How are we expected to understand how symmetry breaking causes mass? With the same twisted mentality that tells us that the quantum, a discrete unit of measure, creates uncertainty and unlimited energy. Physicists are like catholics, they will believe anything that makes them happy.

We can understand the creation of the world and the origin of life in terms of quantum conversation where each operator is a source with a wide spectrum of things to say and hear, some more probably than others. This structure probably takes care of Feynman diagrams.

[page 210]

So the answer to the creation of particles like the creation of life might be by the conservation made of quantum mechanics which works like creative industry, politics etc where you have a whole lot of people all talking to one another and eventually coming up with answers just like the neurons in my brain.

Thursday 22 February 2024

A long walk and a night of revision restore my faith in my Million Dollar Theology by conceiving of quantum interactions as conversations of hermitian spectra acting like a parliament to extract stationary structure of fundamental particles. Next step formulation of spacetime as a principle of individuation for elementary particles, somewhat a la Wilczek's seething plasma of quarks and gluons. My story is getting closer to big bang without quantum field theory vacuum, replacing it with the von Neumann vacuum [a random structure of basis vectors of a possible Hilbert space].

Gradually revising cognitive cosmology to incorporate new insights made in recent times, particularly in the formation of particles and spacetime in the early period

[page 211]

of evolution. The basic idea is that quantum interactions are conversation at the local level in the quantum regime prior to spacetime and special relativity. Person to person interaction in the classical regime is essentially independent of the wonders of special relativity [since everything is much slower than the speed of light]. In a way relativity has amost nothing to do with low energy quantum mechanics [but on the other hand massless communication particles travel at the speed of light, ie effectively instantaneously in the classical regime.

We can underline the power of quantum mechanics by drawing attention to the insights that led von Neumann to see the power of the Hilbert theory of linear operators with broad spectra. Leon van Hove (1957): von Neumann's Contributions to Quantum Theory

Friday 23 February 2024

We assume that fixed points are established by random computable functions giving us at most a countable infinity of fixed points which we may consider to be the basis states of a Hilbert space appearing and disappearing at random.

The next step is what we might call the discovery of quantum mechanics, the discovery of a linear operator and the selection of eigenfunctions and eigenvectors to establish a spectrum of stable kinematic states which we might understand by analogy with Plato's forms or Aquinas's angels. The next step, like Aristotle's union of forms to matter, is for these states to acquire a dynamic reality by receiving energy from the bifurcation of the naked gravitation of the

[page 212]

initial singularity into gravitational potential and the equivalent kinetic energy taken up by the stationary quantum states to create real dynamic particles while maintaining the zero energy quality of the underlying naked gravitation, our current model of the divinity.

We have now in effect copied the initial singularity in a manner analogous to the procession of the son from the father and the new dynamic children of the father corresponding to the spectrum of a randomly discovered hermitian operator possess the same properties as the father, including the ability to create Hilbert spaces corresponding to their inherited eigenfunctions and the omnipotence to create further imges of themselves and so on. We may see this process as analogous to the big bang [a chain reaction].

Now we turn to the interactions between the particles we have created, a random mixture of fermions and bosons observing one another and so communicating as we would expect to see between the persons of a trinity [with a countably infinite and normalized vocabulary of symbols [eigenvectors]. We see this as a random and ongoing process which has the effectof creating a Minkowski space as a network of communication between particles with 3D to accommodate the fermions and null geodesics used by the bosons, as to be explained in cc14_measurement.

Now a look at Streater and Wightman [not yet].

[page 213]

Spacetime becomes a new venue of control and selection as explained in cc20_memory.

Thoughts are coming at random, illustrating for me the cognitive quality of the creation of the Universe which I am trying to encapsulate in the relationship between theology and physics, aka mind and matter.

von Neumann articles on QM. Jørgen Veisdal (2021_05_19): The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann

' . . . work on the mathematical foundations of QM came to a culmination in 1929 with the spectral theorem on hypermaximal symmetric operators in Hilbert space.' Leon van Hove (1957): von Neumann's Contributions to Quantum Theory

Raymond Evans: The Conversation: Friday essay: neither a monster nor a saint … Sir Samuel Griffith, Queensland’s violent frontier and the rigours of truth-telling

I see my task as urgent so I make a pro-forma effort to work on it 14 hours per day, 0700-1400, 1400-1700 nap and eat, 1700-1200 more work. Of course I do not achieve this, but as the years roll by and my perception of the evils I wish to eradicate becomes clearer, I am becoming more dedicated to the work, although the distance I have to travel from the status quo to my dream is very great.

Now revise cc12_hilbert_minkowski,

But first Kronz & Lupler Fred Kronz & Tracy Lupher (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy): Quantum Theory and Mathematical Rigor

[page 214]

What we need to make physics cognitive is a boolean representation of Hilbert space with complex linear operators. A brain is an operator and an idea is an eigenvector of this operator.

By using particles to create Minkowski space we construct a 'digital' space in which all the problems arising from continuous mathematics evaporate and blow away.

Quantum mechanics can do anything computable so we can replace silly ideas like screening and antiscreening [by imaginary ephemeral particles] with computable algorithms (operators) and let the system calculate them [the problem then is converting the quantum results to the Minkowski space where we observe asymptotic freedom and confinement].

What I am doin is a constructive theory beginning with an initial singularity which I call God or naked gravitation.

Streater and Wightman at last:

S&W page 31: We can be pretty sure that there is nothing in reality corresponding to Dirac's δ.

We would like to think that calculus has nothing to do with Boolean algebra which is the true foundation of a logical world where the quantum of action is a logical operator defined by a normalized vector. IE Streater and Wightman no help at all. None of this mathematics [of distributions] applies to reality,

[page 215]

eg set of test functions are all complex valued infintely differentiable functions, f which together with their derivatives approach zero at infinity faster than any power of Euclidian distance.' So they just look like Dirac's δ! Schwartz (1952): Introduction to the Theory of Distributions.

The more I look at quantum field theory the rubbisher it looks and I wonder (because I do not have a lot of mathematical confidence) if it is me or if it really is as bad as it looks to me. I can see why I want to build a theory of the world from scratch, explaining as I go along putting it together. Pages 1 to 11 [of cognitive cosmology] look good and now the fun starts as I set out to create space[-time].

Saturday 24 February 2024

The state of the world is depressing and my morale depends a lot on my hope for a theological reform which seems to be limping a bit as I stand at the crossroad between Hilbert and Minkowski spaces. Originally I made the blithe assumption that evolution would take care of it because the origin of spacetime promised a massive increase in entropy. I then stepped through cc12_independence of Hilbert space, cc14_quantum measurement (which introduces quantum conversation), cc15_invisibiity which explains why we do not see quantum mechanics working and cc_16_zero_energy to explain the nature of divinity and naked gravitation before I got to cc17_gravitation

[page 216]

which finally explains the transformation from kinematic Hilbert space to dynamic Minkowski space, the result of the creation of bosons and fermions. The traditional assumption of the pre-existence of Minkowski space explaining the spin-statistics theorem is to be revised here saying that spin-statistics, established by variation and selection is the source of spacetime in the primordial relationship between gravitation, quantum theory and spacetime. This still looks good, but I need to look at the spin-statistics theorem again and foreshadow it in cc12_hilbert_minkowski to make the progression from cc9_create_hilbert to cc17_gravitation logical. We are concerned here with chicken and egg problems whose solution seems to be the notion that Hilbert feeds eggs in the form of variation and genetics into the Minkowski chicken factory which uses gravitation to animate the kinematic eggs into independent dynamic existence. The dynamic initial singularity filled with kinematic Hilbert space is the paradigm of this whole process derived from Augustine's idea that his God's image of themself in in reality the Son of God. Here we are looking for an application of the distinction between mind and body to explain the creation of bodies from minds by the transformation of naked gravitation into potential and kinetic energy. This paradigm should appear in cc12_hilbert_minkowski!

[page 217]

The probability of a connection varies as the entropy of the operators involved.

I am a happy mess.

Copyright:

You may copy this material freely provided only that you quote fairly and provide a link (or reference) to your source.

Further reading

Books

Carlson (2006), James, and Arthur Jaffe & Andrew Wiles, The Millennium Prize Problems, ClayMathematics Institute and American Mathematical Society 2006
1: The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture: Andrew Wiles
2: The Hodge Conjecture: Pierre Deligne
3: The Existence and Smoothness of the Navier-Stokes Equation: Charles L Fefferman
4: The Poincare Conjecture: John Milnor
5: The P versus NP Problem: Stephen Cook
6: The Riemann Hypothesis: Enrico Bombieri
7: Quantum Yang-Mills Theory: Arthur Jaffe and Edward Whitten 
Amazon
  back

Schwartz (1952), Laurent, and Israel Halperin, Introduction to the Theory of Distributions. Based on lectures given by Laurent Schwartz, University of Toronto Press 1952 ' This pamphlet, based on lectures given by Laurent Schwartz at the Canadian Mathematical Congress in 1951, gives a detailed introduction to the theory of distributions, in terms of classical analysis, for applied mathematicians and physicists.' 
Amazon
  back

Streater (2000), Raymond F, and Arthur S Wightman, PCT, Spin, Statistics and All That, Princeton University Press 2000 Amazon product description: 'PCT, Spin and Statistics, and All That is the classic summary of and introduction to the achievements of Axiomatic Quantum Field Theory. This theory gives precise mathematical responses to questions like: What is a quantized field? What are the physically indispensable attributes of a quantized field? Furthermore, Axiomatic Field Theory shows that a number of physically important predictions of quantum field theory are mathematical consequences of the axioms. Here Raymond Streater and Arthur Wightman treat only results that can be rigorously proved, and these are presented in an elegant style that makes them available to a broad range of physics and theoretical mathematics.' 
Amazon
  back

Whitehead (1979), Alfred North, Process and Reality (Gifford Lectures Delivered in the University of Edinburgh 1927-28), Free Press 1979 ' Studied this in college and was totally blown away! Process & Reality is, in a nutshell, mathematics-based, process metaphysics, with quantum mechanics thrown in for good measure. Say that 3 times fast! Given that he wrote this in 1927-28, many of the concepts he proposed were way ahead of the times. The concepts he proposed were similar to Spinoza & Meister Eckhart, although more advanced than either one. I found it fascinating! I was a Philosophy major at the time & this was one of the first texts that really ignited my passion for philosophy & quantum mechanics. I would recommend this to Philosophers, Physicists, and anyone who is just naturally inquisitive about the way the world and its parts work.' Amazon customer Just ME 
Amazon
  back

Links

Digital Child, Strategic Plan 2021-2027, ' Our vision: Australian children, healthy, educated and connected in a digital world. Our purpose: We provide evidence-based transdisciplinary research related to children and digital technologies that leads to positive outcomes for children. We aim to enhance public understanding, inform policymakers and provide guidance for families, educators and technology creators to support children to be confident growing up in a rapidly changing digital world. Our strategic objectives are to: Lead distinctive and cohesive research programs in children’s use of digital technology with global relevance. Translate our research findings to have impact across disciplines, governments, communities, and families. Be recognised and valued by the Australian community as a respected and trusted voice regarding children’s use of digital technology. Inspire, equip and mentor the next generation of researchers to examine the impact of current and emerging digital technologies on the lives of children. To create and nurture a research culture that respects difference and values diverse research-informed views. back

Ed Regis (2020), No One Can Explain Why Planes Stay in the Air, ' In December 2003, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the first flight of the Wright brothers, the New York Times ran a story entitled “Staying Aloft; What Does Keep Them Up There?” The point of the piece was a simple question: What keeps planes in the air? To answer it, the Times turned to John D. Anderson, Jr., curator of aerodynamics at the National Air and Space Museum and author of several textbooks in the field. What Anderson said, however, is that there is actually no agreement on what generates the aerodynamic force known as lift. “There is no simple one-liner answer to this,” he told the Times. People give different answers to the question, some with “religious fervor.” More than 15 years after that pronouncement, there are still different accounts of what generates lift, each with its own substantial rank of zealous defenders. At this point in the history of flight, this situation is slightly puzzling. After all, the natural processes of evolution, working mindlessly, at random and without any understanding of physics, solved the mechanical problem of aerodynamic lift for soaring birds eons ago. Why should it be so hard for scientists to explain what keeps birds, and airliners, up in the air? ' back

Fred Kronz & Tracy Lupher (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), Quantum Theory and Mathematical Rigor, ' An ongoing debate in the foundations of quantum physics concerns the role of mathematical rigor. The contrasting views of von Neumann and Dirac provide interesting and informative insights concerning two sides of this debate. Von Neumann’s contributions often emphasize mathematical rigor and Dirac’s contributions emphasize pragmatic concerns. The discussion below begins with an assessment of their contributions to the foundations of quantum mechanics. Their contributions to mathematical physics beyond quantum mechanics are then considered, and the focus will be on the influence that these contributions had on subsequent developments in quantum theorizing, particularly with regards to quantum field theory and its foundations. The entry quantum field theory provides an overview of a variety of approaches to developing a quantum theory of fields. The purpose of this article is to provide a more detailed discussion of mathematically rigorous approaches to quantum field theory, as opposed to conventional approaches, such as Lagrangian quantum field theory, which are generally portrayed as being more heuristic in character. The current debate concerning whether Lagrangian quantum field theory or axiomatic quantum field theory should serve as the basis for interpretive analysis is then discussed.' back

Group (mathematics) - Wikipedia, Group (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with an operation that combines any two of its elements to form a third element. To qualify as a group, the set and the operation must satisfy a few conditions called group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. Many familiar mathematical structures such as number systems obey these axioms: for example, the integers endowed with the addition operation form a group. However, the abstract formalization of the group axioms, detached as it is from the concrete nature of any particular group and its operation, allows entities with highly diverse mathematical origins in abstract algebra and beyond to be handled in a flexible way, while retaining their essential structural aspects. The ubiquity of groups in numerous areas within and outside mathematics makes them a central organizing principle of contemporary mathematics.' back

HEIA: Hate & Extremism Insights Aotearoa, Hate & Extremism Insights Aotearoa, ' ABOUT HEIA: Hate & Extremism Insights Aotearoa (HEIA) researches, analyses, and assesses online behaviour and associated threat levels of violence and extremism in Aotearoa New Zealand. ​We employ a range of computer driven and qualitative tools and approaches to monitor the nature and volume of hate speech, misogyny, disinformation, extremist ideologies and violence, and other topics. ​Politically impartial, objective and evidence-driven, HEIA works closely with a range of stakeholders to keep Aotearoa – and its diverse and connected communities and spaces – safe from harm.' back

Jonathan Steele, Alexei Navalny obituary, ' Alexei Navalny, who has died suddenly aged 47 while in prison, was Russia’s best-known campaigner against high-level corruption. For many years he was the leading critic and opponent of President Vladimir Putin and his political party, United Russia. Repeated arrests, jail sentences and physical assaults did not deter Navalny from digging up financial scandals, which he published on his blogs and X feeds as well as YouTube. In a 2011 radio interview, he described United Russia as a “party of crooks and thieves”, which became a powerful and popular mantra on social media and at political protests. . . .. His most dramatic brush with death came in 2020 at the end of a political campaign trip through Siberia, when he was taken seriously ill on a flight from Tomsk to Moscow. His condition was so grave that the pilot made an emergency landing in Omsk, where he was rushed to hospital. Navalny’s wife and supporters asked for him to be taken to Germany, where they felt he would be better treated. The Russian authorities agreed and Navalny was flown to the Charité hospital in Berlin, where toxicology tests showed traces of the nerve agent novichok in Navalny’s body. Russian officials complained that the test results were not made public nor disclosed to them. Navalny recovered and was released from hospital after a month. . . .. Showing great courage, but defying the advice of his family and friends, he flew back to Moscow in January 2021, accompanied by his wife and dozens of journalists, and was arrested on landing. . . .. In 2022, Navalny was sentenced to an extra nine years after being found guilty of embezzlement and contempt of court. In 2023, he was given a further 19 years in prison on extremism charges.' back

Jørgen Veisdal (2021_05_19), The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann, ' It is indeed supremely difficult to effectively refute the claim that John von Neumann is likely the most intelligent person who has ever lived. By the time of his death in 1957 at the modest age of 53, the Hungarian polymath had not only revolutionized several subfields of mathematics and physics but also made foundational contributions to pure economics and statistics and taken key parts in the invention of the atomic bomb, nuclear energy and digital computing.' back

Leon van Hove (1957), von Neumann's Contributions to Quantum Theory, 'Von Neumann's major contributions to quantum mechanics are his development of the mathematical framework of the theory and his formal study of quantum statistics, quantum measuring processes and their interrelations. Whereas the latter study was essentially complete in 1927 (except for the quantum ergodic theorem of 1929) the work on the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics came to its culmination in 1929 with the spectral theorem for hyper- maximal symmetric operators in Hilbert space.' back

Liam Stack, N.Y. Archdiocese Condemns Funeral of Transgender Activist at Cathedral, ' The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York condemned the funeral of a transgender community leader that was held at St. Patrick’s Cathedral on Thursday, calling the event an insult to the Catholic faith and saying it was unaware of the identity of the deceased — or her vocal atheism — when it agreed to host the service. The funeral, which drew well over 1,000 people, celebrated the life of Cecilia Gentili, an activist and actress well known for her advocacy on behalf of sex workers, transgender people and people living with H.I.V. She was also a self-professed atheist, a topic around which she built a one-woman Off Broadway show. The service on Thursday was an event that most likely had no precedent in Catholic history. The pews were packed with mourners, many of them transgender, who wore daring high-fashion outfits and cheered as eulogists led them in praying for transgender rights and access to gender-affirming health care. . . . The funeral’s organizer, Ceyenne Doroshow, said on Thursday that Ms. Gentili’s family had kept her background “under wraps” because they feared the archdiocese would not host a funeral for a person it knew was transgender. Ms. Doroshow said the family wanted Ms. Gentili’s funeral to be at St. Patrick’s because “it is an icon, just like her.” On Saturday, the Gentili family was incensed by the church’s criticism and accused the archdiocese of “hypocrisy and anti-trans hatred” in a statement. The family said the L.G.B.T.Q. community would continue to celebrate Ms. Gentili for how she “ministered, mothered and loved all people".' back

Mikhail Khodorovsky (2024_02_16), After Navalny’s death, the West must get tougher on Putin, ' Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny was a heroic opponent to President Vladimir Putin, and he has paid the ultimate price. Putin murdered Navalny. We salute Navalny’s courage and condemn the cowardice of his murderer — a leader so weak, he cannot tolerate any real opposition to his rule. Now Putin has Navalny’s blood on his hands, as he has the blood of so many before him. Let this be a wake-up call to the world — not that one should have been needed: Putin’s murderous regime is illegitimate and should be treated as such. Putin perpetrated this sickening murder one month before the sham officially known as the “Russian presidential election” takes place. Elections in Russia are neither free nor fair. Any genuine opponent to Putin is banned from running, if they haven’t been imprisoned, forced into exile or, as the fate of Navalny makes so tragically clear, killed. . . .. I now call on those Russians to demonstrate their resistance by writing the name “Alexei Navalny” on their ballot papers on March 17, in tribute to the regime’s latest and most prominent victim. . . .. Simply put, we need strong words and deeds to declare Putin illegitimate. Western countries should be strengthening their support for Ukraine to help engineer Putin’s defeat there. And come March, there should be no congratulations, no good wishes and no legitimacy granted to an illegitimate dictator. If the West wants to honor Navalny’s ultimate sacrifice, it needs to get tougher with his murderer.' back

Nataliya Vasilyeva, How Putin prepared the ground for Navalny’s death, ' The Kremlin has been trying to kill Alexei Navalny for several years – but there has probably never been a better time to do it than now. Vladimir Putin has laid the groundwork in domestic society. For more than a decade, he has tightened the noose around his charismatic younger foe, with the operation against him mirroring a broader crackdown on Russian society. . . .. As the public increasingly shied away from direct protest – and the long prison sentences that resulted – FSB agents poisoned Navalny. They failed to kill him, and hoping that there was still a heartbeat in the anti-Putin movement, he took the decision to return to Moscow. . . .. . . . the death of Navalny comes at a moment when the West is clearly getting tired of having to fund Ukraine’s military. Putin, for his part, is signalling that he would not mind freezing the frontline where it stands and calling it a victory. If Putin was not being blamed for the death of Navalny, one could foresee US and European politicians following in the footsteps of Tucker Carlson and visiting him for talks in Moscow, sooner or later. Whether Navalny died in an assassination or as a result of the torturous conditions he had been exposed to for three years, his death should put a halt to any such overtures – at least for now. This is Navalny’s parting blow against the man he fought against for more than a decade.' back

Open AI (2024_02_15), Video generation models as world simulators, ' We explore large-scale training of generative models on video data. Specifically, we train text-conditional diffusion models jointly on videos and images of variable durations, resolutions and aspect ratios. We leverage a transformer architecture that operates on spacetime patches of video and image latent codes. Our largest model, Sora, is capable of generating a minute of high fidelity video. Our results suggest that scaling video generation models is a promising path towards building general purpose simulators of the physical world.' back

Raymond Evans, Friday essay: neither a monster nor a saint … Sir Samuel Griffith, Queensland’s violent frontier and the rigours of truth-telling, ' Social historians – among whom I am happily one – are those utter nuisances of people who adamantly insist on reminding others of all the things they are trying so desperately to forget. Australian historian Manning Clark, channelling Tolstoy, once compared them to deaf people who continually keep answering questions that no-one is asking. Before this new breed of professional troublemaker appeared in the 1960s, Australian History for the majority was a much simpler and more comforting affair. The stray bits of it I picked up at school in the 1950s told of a strictly peaceful, happy land, peppered with heroic pioneers, doughty diggers and colourful swaggies; and overflowing with sheep and sparkling golden nuggets. Aboriginal peoples, if they were mentioned at all, were way off on the margins somewhere, throwing boomerangs, going walkabout and eating grubs and snakes. In the most studied Australian history book of this era, edited by Gordon Greenwood, First Nation Peoples literally disappear. They are not in the index, and we are even told by one contributor: The country was empty […] empty grazing country awaiting occupation. The principal shock here is not just that this was published without intervention but that no-one who reviewed it pulled anyone up for spreading this academic gas-lighting. ' back

Reuters (2024_02_21), Chile reopens inquiry into Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda’s 1973 death, ' A Chilean appeal court on Tuesday ordered the reopening of an investigation into the death of the leftist poet and Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda in 1973 soon after the military seized power in a coup. In a statement, the court said it was heeding a request by Neruda’s family and Chile’s small Communist Party, adding that the inquiry into his death had not been “exhaustive” and there were still steps to take that would help “clarify the facts”. . . .. In 2017, a group of foreign forensic experts suggested that Neruda had not died only of cancer, as officially stated, and did not rule out “third parties” being involved in his death in the first days of Augusto Pinochet’s 17-year dictatorship. . . .. He was awarded the 1971 Nobel Literature Prize, two years before socialist President Salvador Allende, to whom Neruda was close, was overthrown by the military under Pinochet. Sign up for our Newsletters Find out more Manuel Araya, the poet’s driver, has claimed that Neruda received a deadly injection from agents of Pinochet’s junta who infiltrated the Santa Maria Clinic where he was being treated.' back

Thales of Miletus - Wikipedia, Thales of Miletus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Thales of Miletus (Greek: Θαλῆς (ὁ Μιλήσιος), c. 624/623 – c. 548/545 BC) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer and pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, and he is otherwise historically recognized as the first individual in Western civilization known to have entertained and engaged in scientific philosophy.
Thales was a hylozoist (one who thinks that matter is alive, i.e. containing soul(s). Aristotle wrote (De Anima 411 a7-8) of Thales: " Thales thought all things are full of gods." ' back

The Eras Tour - Wikipedia, The Eras Tour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' The Eras Tour is the ongoing sixth concert tour by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Consisting of 151 shows across five continents, it commenced on March 17, 2023, in Glendale, United States, and is set to conclude on December 8, 2024, in Vancouver, Canada.' back

Tokuhama-Espinosa, Simmers, Datchelor, Nelson & Borja, A Theory of Mental Frameworks, ' “Ways of thinking” have been studied by philosophers and neuroscientists alike, to pinpoint cognitive preferences for problem solving approaches that develop from exposure to distinct models, derived from and resulting in certain heuristics used by learners. This new theory paper suggests a novel understanding of the brain’s approach to problem solving that structures existing problem-solving frameworks into an organized design. The authors surveyed problem-solving frameworks from business administration, design, engineering, philosophy, psychology, education, neuroscience and other learning sciences to assess their differences and similarities. This review lead to an appreciation that different problem-solving frameworks from different fields respond more or less accurately and efficiently depending on the kinds of problems being tackled, leading to our conclusion that a wider range of frameworks may help individuals approach more varied problems across fields, and that such frameworks can be organized in school curriculum. This paper proposes that explicit instruction of “mental frameworks” may help organize and formalize the instruction of thinking skills that underpin problem-solving–and by extension–that the more such models a person learns, the more tools they will have for future complex problem-solving. To begin, this paper explains the theoretical underpinnings of the mental frameworks concept, then explores some existing mental frameworks which are applicable to all age groups and subject areas. The paper concludes with a list of five limitations to this proposal and pairs them with counter-balancing benefits.' back

Wilson, Renner, Smiley & Dzwulsky (2024), Christchurch terrorist discussed attacks online a year before carrying them out, new research reveals, ' In March and August 2018, up to a year before he attacked two Christchurch mosques, Brenton Tarrant posted publicly online that he planned to do so. Until now, these statements have not been identified. In fact, for four years before his attack, Tarrant had been posting anonymously but publicly on the online message board 4chan about the need to attack people of colour in locations of “significance”, including places of worship. In its final report in 2020, the royal commission of inquiry into the terror attacks wrote: The individual claimed that he was not a frequent commenter on extreme right-wing sites and that YouTube was, for him, a far more significant source of information and inspiration. . . .. Given the importance of online environments in radicalising lone actor terrorists, we questioned this and set out to investigate whether right-wing websites were important in Tarrant’s radicalisation. What we found overturns a great deal of what we thought we knew about him. It also raises serious questions, not only about why this posting was not detected before the attack, but also why it has not been discovered in the five years since the March 15 attacks.' back

Xavier Waintal (2023_12_29), The Quantum House Of Cards, ' Quantum computers have been proposed to solve a number of important problems such as discovering new drugs, new catalysts for fertilizer production, breaking encryption protocols, optimizing financial portfolios, or implementing new artificial intelligence applications. Yet, to date, a simple task such as multiplying 3 by 5 is beyond existing quantum hardware. This article examines the difficulties that would need to be solved for quantum computers to live up to their promises. I discuss the whole stack of technologies that has been envisioned to build a quantum computer from the top layers (the actual algorithms and associated applications) down to the very bottom ones (the quantum hardware, its control electronics, cryogeny, etc.) while not forgetting the crucial intermediate layer of quantum error correction.' back

www.naturaltheology.net is maintained by The Theology Company Proprietary Limited ACN 097 887 075 ABN 74 097 887 075 Copyright 2000-2024 © Jeffrey Nicholls