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volume II: Synopsis

section IV: Divine Dynamics

page 33: Trinity

Many religions are based on mystery. Ever since we because aware of ourselves, we must have begun to see that we are subject to forces well beyond our control. The source of these forces we call God. The story of the Fall is the story the temptation to disobey God, and the consequences of doing so. Unique among the animals of paradise (we presume) we became aware of the pains of childbirth, of work and of death. John McHugh: Mystery, Fall of Man - Wikipedia, Julian Jaynes: The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

Although many might dismiss these ancient stories as 'myths', they were very powerful in the cultures that developed them. In the old days, gods were modelled on the closest human equivalents, often despotic warlords with occasional flashes of compassion. Command and punishment are attributed to the will of an invisible personality or set of personalities, the Gods. Christianity places this personality outside the Universe, and considers the Universe to be dependent upon God, just as subjects are dependent upon their Lords. Mythology - Wikipedia

We now realize that such commands and punishments as there are come from nature, which we understand as the personality of the Universe. Our own personalities are parts of nature, shaped by our long evolution. We are gradually developing constitutional rules to allow us to live in peace together with our world. We are learning to live with the assumption that the Universe itself is the controlling divinity. Peaceful and prosperous survival depends upon us taking into account the constraints placed on our behaviour by the world and all its attributes, from climate to viruses. Social evolution - Wikipedia, Richard Klein: The Human Career

Under the old dispensation God, the subject of Theology, is a remote being about which we know nothing but what is written in the Bible. If the Universe is divine, on the other hand, we are inside God and all our experience is experience of God. We replace a relatively small library, the Bible, with every human experience, from love through daily life to war.

Theologies based on literary foundations are inherently weak. Since many theological assertions cannot be verified by public experience, theology is subject to manipulation by the Churches, corporate interests that make their living from applied theology.

If we accept the proposition that the Universe is divine, however, the situation changes. There is just one Universe and we are all in it, so there is a public foundation for agreement.

This is the situation in science. Although there are many instances of temporary error and political interference in science, the scientific method claims very wide respect because it is designed to home in on the truth. The exploitation of scientific knowledge has led to explosive growth in the number of our species. It has also proved very useful in the pursuit of war. A lot of the good behaviour in the society of nations arises from the fear of nuclear retaliation if a nation steps outside the law. Public International Law - Wikipedia, Roll-Hansen: The Lysenko Effect

Divinity is by definition creative. In our Western traditional story, God created the Universe giving it a certain nature that he had thought up beforehand, just as any builder would do. God could have made it differently, but he chose the drama that Christians see in the Bible. This choice, and everything else about God is considered to be a mystery to us. The traditional God is an incomprehensible other.

The most remarkable development in the history of Christianity is the doctrine of the Trinity. The Hebrew Bible ('The Old Testament') is the story of the God Yahweh and his Chosen People. The Old Testament contains many references to the 'Spirit of God'. The writers of the New testament, (later to become 'Christians') introduced the Son of God. Jesus of Nazareth was both divine and human. He became human to be sacrificed in atonement for an ancient human insult to God (the Father), so 'redeeming' us as from mortgage or pawn. Holy Spirit - Wikipedia, Joseph Sollier: Redemption

It took about three hundred years for the doctrine of the Trinity to become official, perhaps because it was a difficult problem for the theologians to reconcile the Trinity with the traditional unity of God: 'I am the Lord thy God . . . Thou shalt have no other gods before me.' Ten Commandments - Wikipedia, Exodus 20:1-17

The 'standard model' of the Trinity was based on human consciousness of understanding and love. This 'psychological' model was first developed in detail by Augustine, put into canonical form by Thomas Aquinas and transformed into the twentieth century by Bernard Lonergan. Augustine, Aquinas, Summa, I, 27, 1: Is there procession in God?, Bernard Lonergan (2007): The Triune God: Systematics, Lonergan (2009): The Triune God: Doctrines

In a nutshell the model says God becomes the Trinity in the same way that the human mind comes to know another person, and to love the person known. The Father's perfect knowledge of himself is the Son, the (mental) Word of God. The love between Father and Son is the Spirit. What differentiates these personalities is the set of relationships between them. These relationships are established by the genealogy of the Trinity. Logos (Christianity) - Wikipedia, Lonergan (1997): Verbum : Word and Idea in Aquinas

The Father and the Son are differentiated by the relationships of 'paternity' and 'filiation'. The Spirit is differentiated from the Father and the Son by the relationships of 'spiration' and 'procession'. This model of the Trinity, even though it carries great weight in the Catholic Church, is, from a Biblical point of view, speculation. Aquinas, Summa, I, 28, 3: Are the relations in God are really distinguished from each other?

It is nevertheless quite brilliant speculation, and is one of the foundation stones of the hypothesis that the Universe is divine, since it is an initial attempt to explain the creation of new divine states. Here we take the view that the theological model of the creation of the Trinity is an ancient hint of the quantum mechanical and relativistic models that form the basis of our current understanding of the creation of the Universe.

The two substantial differences from the traditional view are that first we are inside God, so that we can see the processes of creation (birth) and annihilation (death) occurring all around us. The second is that we do not limit the procession of personalities in God to the three of the Trinity, but allow it to proceed without end, like an ever branching tree, to give us the complex Universe we inhabit.

According to the big bang model, the Universe began as a pointlike entity which expanded and complexified into the Universe we now know. The quantum mechanical description of the world centres around three quantities, energy, momentum and action, all three of which are conserved. If this is the case, the energy, momentum and action of the Universe have stayed constant since the first moment until now and will remain the same until the end, if any. Why does the the Universe emerge within the initial singularity. The ancient idea of the Trinity gives us a clue.

Perhaps the the initial singularity, knowing (interacting with) itself, broke symmetry to form a first generation of new particles, which gave rise to a second generation and so on. The evolution of new particles (which broad term includes ourselves) continues to this day and beyond. The relationships of these particles to one another is what gives the Universe its structure.

We express the relationships between different entities in the Universe by transformations that carry one part into another. Such transformations encode the difference between the two entities in question. By transforming Father to Son and Son to Father, we understand the relationship between them. The theory of transformation is well developed in physics and dynamics in general. The means of such transformation is communication between tranforming entities.

(revised 7 April 2020)

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Further reading

Books

Augustine, Saint, and Edmond Hill (Introduction, translation and notes), and John E Rotelle (editor), The Trinity, New City Press 399-419, 1991 Written 399 - 419: De Trinitate is a radical restatement, defence and development of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. Augustine's book has served as a foundation for most subsequent work, particularly that of Thomas Aquinas.  
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Hawking, Steven W, and G F R Ellis, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, Cambridge UP 1975 Preface: Einstein's General Theory of Relativity . . . leads to two remarkable predictions about the universe: first that the final fate of massive stars is to collapse behind an event horizon to form a 'black hole' which will contain a singularity; and secondly that there is a singularity in our past which constitutes, in some sense, a beginning to our universe. Our discussion is principally aimed at developing these two results.' 
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Jaynes, Julian, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, Mariner Books 2000 Jacket: 'At the heart of this book is the revolutionary idea that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but is a learned process brought into being out of an earlier hallucinatory mentality by cataclysm and catastrophe only 3000 years ago and still developing.' 
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Klein, Richard G, The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins, University of Chicago Press 2009 ' Since its publication in 1989, The Human Career has proved to be an indispensable tool in teaching human origins. This substantially revised third edition retains Richard G. Klein’s innovative approach while showing how cumulative discoveries and analyses over the past ten years have significantly refined our knowledge of human evolution. . . . In addition to outlining the broad pattern of human evolution, The Human Career details the kinds of data that support it. For the third edition, Klein has added numerous tables and a fresh citation system designed to enhance readability, especially for students. He has also included more than fifty new illustrations to help lay readers grasp the fossils, artifacts, and other discoveries on which specialists rely. With abundant references and hundreds of images, charts, and diagrams, this new edition is unparalleled in its usefulness for teaching human evolution.' 
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Lonergan, Bernard J F, and Robert M. Doran, Frederick E. Crowe (eds), Verbum : Word and Idea in Aquinas (Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan volume 2), University of Toronto Press 1997 Jacket: 'Verbum is a product of Lonergan's eleven years of study of the thought of Thomas Aquinas. The work is considered by many to be a breakthrough in the history of Lonergan's theology . . .. Here he interprets aspects in the writing of Aquinas relevant to trinitarian theory and, as in most of Lonergan's work, one of the principal aims is to assist the reader in the search to understand the workings of the human mind.' 
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Lonergan, Bernard J F, and Michael G Shields (translator), Robert M Doran & H Daniel Monsour (editors), The Triune God: Systematics, University of Toronto Press 2007 Translated from De Deo Trino: Pars systematica (1964) by Michael G Shields. Amazon Product Description 'Buried for more than forty years in a Latin text written for seminarian students at the Gregorian University in Rome, Bernard Lonergan's 1964 masterpiece of systematic-theological writing, De Deo trino: Pars systematica, is only now being published in an edition that includes the original Latin along with an exact and literal translation. De Deo trino, or The Triune God, is the third great installment on one particular strand in trinitarian theology, namely, the tradition that appeals to a psychological analogy for understanding trinitarian processions and relations. The analogy dates back to St Augustine but was significantly developed by St Thomas Aquinas. Lonergan advances it to a new level of sophistication by rooting it in his own highly nuanced cognitional theory and in his early position on decision and love. Suggestions for a further development of the analogy appear in Lonergan's late work, but these cannot be understood and implemented without working through this volume. This is truly one of the great masterpieces in the history of systematic theology, perhaps even the greatest of all time.' 
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Lonergan (1997), Bernard J F, and Robert M. Doran, Frederick E. Crowe (eds), Verbum : Word and Idea in Aquinas (Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan volume 2), University of Toronto Press 1997 Jacket: 'Verbum is a product of Lonergan's eleven years of study of the thought of Thomas Aquinas. The work is considered by many to be a breakthrough in the history of Lonergan's theology . . .. Here he interprets aspects in the writing of Aquinas relevant to trinitarian theory and, as in most of Lonergan's work, one of the principal aims is to assist the reader in the search to understand the workings of the human mind.' 
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Lonergan (2007), Bernard J F, and Michael G Shields (translator), Robert M Doran & H Daniel Monsour (editors), The Triune God: Systematics, University of Toronto press 2007 Translated from De Deo Trino: Pars systematica (1964) by Michael G Shields. Amazon Product Description 'Buried for more than forty years in a Latin text written for seminarian students at the Gregorian University in Rome, Bernard Lonergan's 1964 masterpiece of systematic-theological writing, De Deo trino: Pars systematica, is only now being published in an edition that includes the original Latin along with an exact and literal translation. De Deo trino, or The Triune God, is the third great instalment on one particular strand in trinitarian theology, namely, the tradition that appeals to a psychological analogy for understanding trinitarian processions and relations. The analogy dates back to St Augustine but was significantly developed by St Thomas Aquinas. Lonergan advances it to a new level of sophistication by rooting it in his own highly nuanced cognitional theory and in his early position on decision and love. Suggestions for a further development of the analogy appear in Lonergan's late work, but these cannot be understood and implemented without working through this volume. This is truly one of the great masterpieces in the history of systematic theology, perhaps even the greatest of all time.' 
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Lonergan (2009), Bernard J F, and Robert M Doran and H Daniel Monsour (eds), The Triune God: Doctrines (Volume 11 of Collected Works), University of Toronto Press 2009 Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984), a professor of theology, taught at Regis College, Harvard University, and Boston College. An established author known for his Insight and Method in Theology, Lonergan received numerous honorary doctorates, was a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1971 and was named as an original members of the International Theological Commission by Pope Paul VI. 
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Misner, Charles W, and Kip S Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, Freeman 1973 Jacket: 'Einstein's description of gravitation as curvature of spacetime led directly to that greatest of all predictions of his theory, that the universe itself is dynamic. Physics still has far to go to come to terms with this amazing fact and what it means for man and his relation to the universe. John Archibald Wheeler. . . . this is a book on Einstein's theory of gravity. . . . ' 
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Roll-Hansen, Nils, The Lysenko Effect: The Politics of Science, Humanity Books 2004 Jacket review: 'This is a superb account of Lysenko's rise to power and the circumstances that led to the destruction of classical genetics in the USSR. Roll-Hansen brilliiiantly leads the reader through the step-by-step process by which personal ambition, state ideology, legitimate scientific division, appeasement, and a curious mixture of legitimate and bogus science could get out of hand. Roll-Hansen's marshalling of evidence is magnificent and scholarly. He discusses the science at issue and the quality of experimentation as well as the toxic effects of ideological thinking on both sides of the debate in its earlier phases. This fresh look at a tormented event in the history of science is free of the Cold War perspectives that have dominated earlier studies of Lysenkoism. This is a major contribution to the history of science.' Elof Axel Carson 
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Links

Aquinas, Summa, I, 27, 1, Is there procession in God?, 'As God is above all things, we should understand what is said of God, not according to the mode of the lowest creatures, namely bodies, but from the similitude of the highest creatures, the intellectual substances; while even the similitudes derived from these fall short in the representation of divine objects. Procession, therefore, is not to be understood from what it is in bodies, either according to local movement or by way of a cause proceeding forth to its exterior effect, as, for instance, like heat from the agent to the thing made hot. Rather it is to be understood by way of an intelligible emanation, for example, of the intelligible word which proceeds from the speaker, yet remains in him. In that sense the Catholic Faith understands procession as existing in God.' back

Aquinas, Summa, I, 28, 3, Are the relations in God are really distinguished from each other?, 'I answer that, The attributing of anything to another involves the attribution likewise of whatever is contained in it. So when "man" is attributed to anyone, a rational nature is likewise attributed to him. The idea of relation, however, necessarily means regard of one to another, according as one is relatively opposed to another. So as in God there is a real relation (1), there must also be a real opposition. The very nature of relative opposition includes distinction. Hence, there must be real distinction in God, not, indeed, according to that which is absolute--namely, essence, wherein there is supreme unity and simplicity--but according to that which is relative.' back

Exodus 20:1-17, Exodus 20, '1 And God spoke all these words, saying: 2 I am the LORD thy God, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 3 Thou shalt have no other gods before Me. . . . ' back

Fall of Man - Wikipedia, Fall of Man - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In Christian doctrine, the fall of man, or simply the fall, was the transition of the first humans from a state of innocent obedience to God to a state of guilty disobedience to God. Though not named in the Bible, the concept for the Fall comes from Genesis chapter 3. Adam and Eve live at first with God in a paradise, but the serpent tempts them into eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, which God forbade. After doing so they become ashamed of their nakedness and God consequently expelled them from paradise. Many Christian denominations believe that the fall corrupted the entire natural world, including human nature, causing people to be born into original sin, a state from which they cannot attain eternal life without the gracious intervention of God.' back

Holy Spirit - Wikipedia, Holy Spirit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Holy Spirit is a term introduced in English translations of the Hebrew Bible, but understood differently in the main Abrahamic religions. While the general concept of a "Spirit" that permeates the cosmos has been used in various religions (e.g. Brahman in Hinduism and Tao in Taoism), the term Holy Spirit specifically refers to the beliefs held in the Abrahamic religions.' back

John McHugh, Mystery | Catholic Encyclopedia, ' The Old-Testament versions use the word mysterion as an equivalent for the Hebrew sôd, "secret" (Proverbs 20:19; Judith 2:2; Sirach 22:27; 2 Maccabees 13:21). In the New Testament the word mystery is applied ordinarily to the sublime revelation of the Gospel (Matthew 13:11; Colossians 2:2; 1 Timothy 3:9; 1 Corinthians 15:51), and to the Incarnation and life of the Saviour and His manifestation by the preaching of the Apostles (Romans 16:25; Ephesians 3:4; 6:19; Colossians 1:26; 4:3). . . . In its strict sense a mystery is a supernatural truth, one that of its very nature lies above the finite intelligence.' back

Joseph Sollier: Redemption, Redemption | Catholic Encyclopedia, 'The restoration of man from the bondage of sin to the liberty of the children of God through the satisfactions and merits of Christ.' back

Logos (Christianity) - Wikipedia, Logos (Christianity) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In Christology, the conception that the Christ is the Logos (Λόγος, the Greek for "word", "discourse" or "reason") has been important in establishing the doctrine of the divinity of Jesus Christ and his position as God the Son in the Trinity as set forth in the Chalcedonian Creed. . . . The conception derives from the opening of the Gospel of John, commonly translated into English as: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." In the original Greek, Logos (λόγος) is used for "Word," and in theological discourse, this is often left untranslated.' back

Mythology - Wikipedia, Mythology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The term mythology can refer either to the study of myths, or to a body or collection of myths. As examples, comparative mythology is the study of connections between myths from different cultures, whereas Greek mythology is the body of myths from ancient Greece. In the field of folkloristics, a myth is defined as a sacred narrative explaining how the world and humankind came to be in their present form. Many scholars in other fields use the term "myth" in somewhat different ways. In a very broad sense, the word can refer to any story originating within traditions. back

Public International Law - Wikipedia, Public International Law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement. Public international law has increased in use and importance vastly over the twentieth century, due to the increase in global trade, environmental deterioration on a worldwide scale, awareness of human rights violations, rapid and vast increases in international transportation and a boom in global communications.' back

Social evolution - Wikipedia, Social evolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Social evolution is a subdiscipline of evolutionary biology that is concerned with social behaviors that have fitness consequences for individuals other than the actor. Social behaviors can be categorized according to the fitness consequences they entail for the actor and recipient.' back

Ten Commandments - Wikipedia, Ten Commandments - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'The Ten Commandments, also known as the Decalogue (Greek: δεκάλογος), are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in Judaism and most forms of Christianity. They include instructions to worship only God and to keep the Sabbath, and prohibitions against idolatry, blasphemy, murder, theft, and adultery. Different groups follow slightly different traditions for interpreting and numbering them.' back

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